Nonionic Surfactant Tween Research Articles

Surfactants Influencing the Biocatalytic Performance of Natural Alkane-Degrading Bacteria via Interfacial Biocatalysis in Pickering Emulsions.

Setting superhydrophobic Mycobacterium sp. as an example, the hydrophobic bacteria acting as demulsifying agents of surfactant-stabilized conventional emulsions, vice versa, the synergistic/antagonistic influence of nonionic surfactants (Tween 80 or Span 80) on the stability of the bacteria-stabilized Pickering emulsions was investigated. At the same time, the activated/suppression effect of nonionic surfactants on microbial degradation of tetradecane, which exhibited a dose-response relationship, was also found. The hydrophobic bacteria acting as demulsifying agents and the suppression influence of nonionic surfactants on the biocatalytic performance (indexing as biomass) of natural alkane-degrading bacteria, believed to be totally separated concepts previously, are for the first time found to be closely related to in situ surface modification of bacteria with nonionic surfactants. During the degradation of tetradecane by Mycobacterium sp. in the presence of nonionic surfactants, demulsification due to the bacteria acting as demulsifying agents and interfacial biocatalysis in the bacteria-stabilized Pickering emulsions are involved, which provides useful information to select optimal dispersants for marine oil spills.

Treatment methodology for sludge and scale TENORM waste from petroleum industry in Egypt

In this present laboratory work, experiments have been steered to decrease the activity concentration of 226Ra in sludge and scale (TENORM) which Technically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials waste samples deposited in oilfield tubes and tools, sludge and scale, Egypt, respectively. The influence of the leaching parameters on the radium dissolution mechanism using nonionic surfactant tween 20 as a leaching agent has been determined. The greatest leaching percent of radium isotopes approximated 58.31 % of the total radium percentage in bulk sludge TENORM waste sample (size < 2.5 mm) using tween 20 as surfactant solutions through three successive cycles at the optimum conditions. The greatest leaching percent of radium isotopes was 77.98 and 86.12 % of the total radium percentage in scale TENORM waste samples from two different places, the first place is the western desert area and the second place is Ras Shukeir area, respectively, (size < 1 mm) using tween 20 solutions through four successive cycles at the optimum conditions. The kinetic calculations indicated that the leaching procedure can be explained by the Shrinking Core Model with activation energy equivalent to 18.18 kJ/mol. The low value of activation energy illustrated that the diffusion process controls the sludge TENORM waste sample leaching rate. The estimated values of thermodynamics parameters (ΔG°, ΔH°, ΔS°) were appointed in this study and showed the dissolution of radium is a non-spontaneous response and temperature dependent.

Citronella essential oil-based nanoemulsion as a post-emergence natural herbicide

A natural herbicide nanoemulsion was fabricated from citronella (Cymbopogon nardus L.) essential oil (CEO) and a nonionic surfactant Tween 60 mixed with Span 60 at hydrophilic-lipophilic balance 14 using a microfluidization method. The main constituents of CEO were citronellol (35.244%), geraniol (21.906%), and citronellal (13.632%). CEO nanoemulsion droplet size and polydispersity index (PI) were evaluated by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The smallest droplet size (33.2 nm, PI 0.135) was obtained from a microfluidizer at 20,000 psi, 7 cycles. Nanoemulsion droplet in transmission electron microscopy correlated with DLS confirmed CEO to successfully produce nanoemulsion. The herbicidal activity of the nanoemulsion as a foliar spray was evaluated against Echinochloa cruss-galli and Amaranthus tricolor as representative narrow- and broadleaf weed plants, both of which presented visual toxicity symptoms. The modes of action of the nanoemulsion were then determined in terms of membrane integrity (relative electrolyte leakage; REL), malondialdehyde (MDA), and photosynthetic pigment contents. The results showed increase in REL and MDA which indicated the destruction of the treated plants; additionally, chlorophylls and carotenoid contents were decreased. Consequently, CEO nanoemulsion may have the possibility to act as a natural herbicide resource, and natural herbicides from citronella nanoemulsions could be good alternatives for use in sustainable agriculture.

Formation of Nigella Sativa L. seed oil nanoemulsion‐based delivery systems by sonication: Factors affecting particle size and stability

AbstractDue to their unique functional properties, nanoemulsions help enrich many hydrophobic compounds in water‐based beverages. In this study, using two nonionic surfactants (Tween 40 and Tween 80), separately, nanoemulsions containing Nigella Sativa L. oil were prepared by ultrasound method and tested to determine their size, polydispersity index, morphology, turbidity, and stability during 60 days of storage. In this study, the type of nonionic surfactants used significantly affected the average droplet diameter in the formed systems. Hence, Tween 40 produced tiny droplets, while using Tween 80 produced larger droplets. The comparison of the mean particle sizes by the Duncan method at a 95% confidence level showed that the effect of different surfactant concentrations (2, 4, 6, and 8 wt%) on the particle size was significant. The results showed that the lowest particle size corresponding to the formulation with 4 wt% Tween 40 and the 15‐min sonication was 59.2 nm, and the particle size distribution was monomodal. The results indicated that in the absence of a cosurfactant (glycerol), both pasteurization and boiling processes increased in particle size. However, adding glycerol before the thermal process improved the thermal stability of the samples. The results of this study revealed that ultrasound could be used to prepare nanoemulsions with microscopic particles in the nanometer size without high concentrations of synthetic surfactants.

Design of novel aqueous two-phase systems to be coupled in biological remediation processes

The ability of a biodegradable Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) reline to induce phase segregation in aqueous solutions of polymeric non-ionic surfactants (Tween 20 and Tween 80) has been demonstrated as a preliminary step to be employed for assisting a biological degradation process of a model contaminant. The binodal curves for systems composed of (surfactants + reline + Water) have been determined at several temperatures, and the experimental data have been correlated using well-known equations. The equilibrium data have been analysed in the light of the operating temperature and the hydrophobicity of surfactants. Tie-lines of these systems have been determined, together with useful parameters such as tie-line length and tie-line slopes. Othmer-Tobias and Bancroft equations have been applied to provide an adequate description of the equilibrium data. Finally, the application of this new approach for the remediation of aqueous polluted effluent has proven to be highly efficient, with extraction percentages exceeding 99% for two model persistent contaminants (Acid Black 48 and Crystal Violet). Consequently, this ATPS is proposed as an extra-stage to enhance the remediation percentages achieved through biological methods. Furthermore, the process has been simulated using commercial software.

Agglomeration effect of nanoparticles on foam stability of nonionic surface-active liquid: experimental and density functional theory studies

Innovative applications of foam are the need of time which fundamentally depends on the stability of the foam. In the present research work, the static foam behavior of the nonionic surfactant Tween-20 in the presence and absence of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) was investigated. The role of TiO2-NPs on foaming power based on foam height and foamability was studied at different temperatures. At 29 ± 1 0C, maximum foam height for Tween 20 (5% surfactant solution in distilled water) without and with TiO2-NPs was increased from 45.60 to 60.30 cm exhibiting 32.25% increase. In view of studying foam stability, axial dye displacement rate (ADDR) test was performed without and with nanoparticles where TiO2-NPs resist liquid drainage. TiO2 -NPs and Tween-20 form intermolecular hydrogen bonding which helps to enhance the foam stability as revealed by the density functional theory (DFT) studies. However, TiO2 -NPs have tendency to agglomerate if zeta potential value is low that severely affect the foaming power and foamability.

Lipid Nanoparticles for Lutein Encapsulation and Delivery

Recently, lipid nanoparticles have been intensively studied as carriers of lipophilic drugs. In this work, we have studied the stability of nanoemulsions with paraffin oil, solid lipid nanoparticles with stearic acid, and nanostructured lipid particles with paraffin oil and stearic acid in a mass ratio of 1 : 1. The obtained results have shown that all studied lipid systems stabilized with nonionic surfactants Tween 60 and Span 60 were stable to aggregation and subsequent sedimentation for more than 30 days. The incorporation of lutein into the lipid particles has almost no effect on their stability, while the size of solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid nanoparticles decreases from 28–30 to 15–17 nm. The bioavailability of lutein loaded in lipid nanoparticles is evaluated from their effect on the restoration of blood flow velocity by simulating hemic hypoxia. Almost immediately after the application of lipid nanoparticles, the blood flow velocity ceases to decrease, and a tendency to its restoration is observed in 5–10 min. This shows that lipid nanoparticles with paraffin oil and stearic acid are promising candidates for the delivery of lipophilic drugs.

Effect of oil and surfactants on changes in some physical properties of soils

The paper shows that oil pollution of gray forest and soddy-podzolic soils led to a decrease in capillary water capacity, plasticity and solid phase of soils. As a result of the introduction of the nonionic surfactant tween-80 into the oil-contaminated soil, these indicators were partially restored, but their values remained lower than in soil samples subjected to oil treatment. The obtained materials allow us to speak about the fundamental possibility of using surfactants for the remediation of oil-contaminated soils.

Surfactants Accelerate Isotope Exchange-Based 18F-Fluorination in Water.

Radiochemical yields (RCYs) of isotope exchange-based 18F-fluorination of non-carbon-centered substrates in water are rationally enhanced by adding surfactants, which increases both the rate constant k and local reactant concentrations. Among 12 surfactants, the cationic surfactant cetrimonium bromide (CTAB) and two nonionic surfactants (Tween 20 and Tween 80) were selected for their superior catalytic effects, namely, electrostatic effects or solubilization effects. For a model substrate, bis(4-methoxyphenyl)phosphinic fluoride, the 18F-fluorination rate constant (k) increased up to 7-fold, while its saturation concentration rose up to 15-fold due to micelle formation, encapsulating 70-94% of the substrate. With 30.0 mmol/L CTAB, the required 18F-labeling temperature of a typical organofluorosilicon prosthesis ([18F]SiFA) decreased from 95 °C to room temperature, achieving an RCY of 22%. For an E[c(RGDyK)]2-derived peptide tracer with an organofluorophosphine prosthesis, the RCY in water at 90 °C achieved 25%, correspondingly increasing the molar activity (Am). After high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or solid-phase purification, the residual selected surfactant concentrations in the tracer injections were well below the FDA DII (Inactive Ingredient Database) limits or the LD50 in mice.

Improvement of aggregation behavior, toxicity and antimicrobial properties of hydroxypiperidinium surfactants by the formation of mixed micelles with Tween 80

The aggregation behavior of mixed micellar solutions based on cationic hexadecylpiperidinium surfactants containing one or two hydroxy substituents and nonionic surfactant Tween 80 have been investigated by tensiometric, fluorimetric, and dynamic light scattering methods. The values of the critical micelle concentration were determined at varying component ratio. Based on the data obtained and their analysis using the Clint’s and Rubingh’s models one can conclude about a negative deviation from the ideal mixing (synergistic effect). It has been found out that the piperidinium surfactants, both in individually form and in mixed compositions with 0.5 molar fraction of nonionic surfactant showed high antimicrobial activity comparable to that of commercial antibiotics, while the presence of Tween 80 significantly reduced the acute toxicity of the system. A study of the membranotropic properties of piperidinium surfactants and the mixed systems, as well as an analysis of their effect on the permeability of the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane of Staphylococcus aureus suggested that the antimicrobial effect was not associated with the destruction of the cell membrane, but was due to specific interactions of surfactants with cell components.

Treatment of Pb-contaminated soil by electrokinetics: Enhancements by varying voltage, chelant, and electrode material

This work examines the removal of lead (Pb) from artificially contaminated soils (1000 mg/kg Pb) using the Electrokinetic Remediation (EKR) technique. Operating parameters, including periodic voltage gradient, electrolyte amendments with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and a non-ionic surfactant (Tween 80), and type of electrode material were investigated. Results indicated that a high voltage gradient (2.5 V/cm), in conjunction with EDTA as electrolyte, and stainless-steel electrodes favored the overall removal process. Pb removal by selected electrolytes was in order EDTA (65 %) > Distilled water (64.1 %) > Tween 80 (6.2 %). Visual Minteq v.3.1 software was employed to predict the chemical equilibrium of different chemical species of Pb against pH. Results confirmed that when EDTA was used as an electrolyte, the [Pb-EDTA]2− complex predominated over the Pb(OH)2 complex at an alkaline pH, resulting in more removal. Findings suggested that stainless steel was a better alternative to graphite with respect to removal efficiency and corrosion effect at the anode. Considering the maximum Pb removal with EDTA at higher voltage, the energy consumption was also maximum (78.3KWh/m3). Nevertheless, the economic evaluation suggested that the cost per gram removal of Pb was lowest in this experiment (8 US$/g Pb) and, thus, can be considered for practical applications to treat the Pb-contaminated soils.

Analysis of the interfacial tension of cationic imidazolium-based ionic liquid, twin-branched tailed anionic surfactant, and a non-ionic emulsifier in the presence of SiO2 nanoparticle and amphiphilic oleic components using response surface method

Although various surface active agents have been proposed, there is still no straightforward and clear understanding of the effect of cationic imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL), twin-branched tailed anionic surfactant, and a non-ionic emulsifier in the presence of SiO2 nanoparticle and amphiphilic oleic components on the interfacial tension (IFT) reduction. So, in this work, the performance of cationic imidazolium-based IL ([C12mim][Cl], anionic surfactant (AOT)), and non-ionic surfactant (Tween 80) on the IFT value were studied through the design of experiment approach and the response surface method. Experiments were designed using a face-centered composite design (FCCD) with the independent variables of surfactant concentration (175–525 ppm) and nanoparticle concentration (25–75 ppm) as numerical ones, and surfactant type and synthetic oil (8 wt% of asphaltene and resin fractions dissolved in heptol (mixture of n-heptane: toluene with the volume ratio of 30:70)) with various volume ratios of asphaltene to resin (1:0, 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2) as categorical ones. According to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and 156 measured IFT experimental data points, the effects of each factor were evaluated. As a result, the suggested quadratic model with R2 (0.9986) and adjusted R2 (0.9984) values indicated that the fitted model can accurately predict the response variable (IFT) values. The best performance (lower IFT and critical micelle concentration) was obtained for [C12mim][Cl] without being affected by the amphiphilic nature of asphaltene and resin fractions and the concentration of SiO2 nanoparticles. The appropriate surface activity of IL was attributed to the effective polar head group of imidazolium and the presence of nitrogen in the aromatic ring.

Enhanced removal of mixed VOCs with different hydrophobicities by Tween 20 in a biotrickling filter: Kinetic analysis and biofilm characteristics

Mass transfer limitation usually causes the poor performance of biotrickling filters (BTFs) for the treatment of hydrophobic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during long-term operation. In this study, two identical lab-scale BTFs were established to remove a mixture of n-hexane and dichloromethane (DCM) gases using non-ionic surfactant Tween 20 by Pseudomonas mendocina NX-1 and Methylobacterium rhodesianum H13. A low pressure drop (≤110 Pa) and a rapid biomass accumulation (17.1 mg g−1) were observed in the presence of Tween 20 during the startup period (30 d). The removal efficiency (RE) of n-hexane was enhanced by 15.0%− 20.5% while DCM was completely removed with the inlet concentration (IC) of 300 mg·m−3 at different empty bed residence times in the Tween 20 added BTF. The viable cells and the relative hydrophobicity of the biofilm were increased under the action of Tween 20, which facilitated the mass transfer and enhanced the metabolic utilization of pollutants by microbes. Besides, Tween 20 addition enhanced the biofilm formation processes including the increased extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) secretion, biofilm roughness and biofilm adhesion. The kinetic model simulated the removal performance of the BTF with Tween 20 for the mixed hydrophobic VOCs, and the goodness-of-fit was above 0.9.

Adsorption of Phenanthrene on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in the Presence of Nonionic Surfactants.

The bioavailability and mobility of phenanthrene (Phe) adsorbed by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) may be substantially influenced by nonionic surfactants used both in the synthesis and dispersion of MWCNTs. The adsorption mechanisms of Phe adsorbed onto MWCNTs under the different nonionic surfactants Tween 80 (TW-80) and Triton X-100 (TX-100) in the aqueous phase were investigated in terms of changes in the MWCNTs' compositions and structures. The results showed that TW-80 and TX-100 were easily adsorbed onto MWCNTs. Phe adsorption data onto MWCNTs were better suited to the Langmuir equation than the Freundlich equation. Both TW-80 and TX-100 reduced the adsorption capacity of Phe onto MWCNTs. When TW-80 and TX-100 were added in the adsorption system, the saturated adsorption mass of Phe decreased from 35.97 mg/g to 27.10 and 29.79 mg/g, respectively, which can be attributed to the following three reasons. Firstly, the hydrophobic interactions between MWCNTs and Phe became weakened in the presence of nonionic surfactants. Secondly, the nonionic surfactants covered the adsorption sites of MWCNTs, which caused Phe adsorption to be reduced. Finally, nonionic surfactants can also promote the desorption of Phe from MWCNTs.

Air-water interfacial properties and quantitative description of pea protein isolate-Tween 20

The air-water interfacial properties of pea protein isolate (PPI) and Tween 20 (T20) were investigated in this study. The result of dynamic foam analyzer showed that the foam prepared by 0.5%PPI-0.1%T20 exhibited higher foam stability at 30 min and uniform bubble size distribution. The protein displacement by Tween 20 at the air-water interface was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) through the imaging of Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films. During the displacement of pea protein isolate by the nonionic surfactant Tween 20, the surface pressure was increased while the complex surface dilatational modulus was decreased. Based on the AFM observations of the LB films, the quantitative analysis indicated the increased protein quantity in the foam network. To be emphasized, the formation of protein network at the plateau border of foams contributed to the increased foam stability. The AFM results showed that the protein at the air-water interface could be replaced by T20, but comparing with the PPI-stabilized foam, the addition of 0.1% T20 could increase the relative quantity of vicilin, thus leading to the increase of interconnected protein network at foam film to improve the foam stability. The research could promote the understanding of protein displacement by Tween 20 at the air-water interface, which could improve the quality of protein-surfactant stabilized foam-based foods.

Dynamic In Situ Monitoring of the Salt Counter-ion Effect on Surfactant Effectiveness Using Reconfigurable Janus Emulsions

A straightforward method for visualization and quantification of surfactant effectiveness within different electrolyte environments based on using reconfigurable Janus emulsions as novel optical probes is reported. More specifically, we investigated the effect of different types and concentrations of salt counter-ions on the surfactant surface excess of commercial ionic and non-ionic surfactants, namely sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Tween 80 via in situ monitoring the morphological reconfigurations of biphasic Janus emulsions comprising hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon oils. We find that significant variations in interfacial tensions of SDS-stabilized interfaces (up to 15 mN·m-1) can be evoked by titrating mono-, di-, and trivalent cationic counter-ions, which is coherent with the lyotropic (Hofmeister) series. In contrast, the salt counter-ion effect on the surfactant effectiveness was less pronounced for the non-ionic surfactant Tween 80 (∼3 mN·m-1). Our results reveal a facile in situ method for monitoring the central role of electrolyte type and concentration on surfactant effectiveness and, more broadly, illustrate that Janus emulsions serve as powerful optical probes to dynamically study the properties of surfactants at liquid interfaces. We demonstrate the utility of our findings for an electro-induced morphological reconfiguration of Janus droplet morphologies by dynamically tuning Cu2+ concentration in solution using an electrode setup. The latter provides a unique platform for liquid-phase, real-time, and continuous tuning of Janus droplet morphologies, e.g., for their application in sensing and dynamic optical device platforms.

Unravelling the mechanisms of drugs partitioning phenomena in micellar systems via NMR spectroscopy

Despite extensive use of micelles in materials and colloidal science, their supramolecular organization as well as host–guest interactions within these dynamic assemblies are poorly understood. Small guest molecules in the presence of micelles undergo constant exchange between a micellar aggregate and the surrounding solution, posing a considerable challenge for their molecular level characterisation. In this work we reveal the interaction maps between small guest molecules and surfactants forming micelles via novel applications of NMR techniques supported with state-of-the-art analytical methods used in colloidal science. Model micelles composed of structurally distinct surfactants (block non-ionic polymer Pluronic® F-127, non-ionic surfactant Tween 20 or Tween 80, and ionic surfactant sodium lauryl sulphate, SLS) were selected and loaded with model small molecules of biological relevance (i.e. the drugs fluconazole, FLU or indomethacin, IMC) known to have different partition coefficients. Molecular level organization of FLU or IMC within hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains of micellar aggregates was established using the combination of NMR methods (1D 1H NMR, 1D 19F NMR, 2D 1H–1H NOESY and 2D 1H-19F HOESY, and the multifrequency-STD NMR) and corroborated with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. This is the first application of multifrequency-STD NMR to colloidal systems, enabling us to elucidate intricately detailed patterns of drug/micelle interactions in a single NMR experiment within minutes. Importantly, our results indicate that flexible surfactants, such as block copolymers and polysorbates, form micellar aggregates with a surface composed of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains and do not follow the classical core–shell model of the micelle. We propose that the magnitude of changes in 1H chemical shifts corroborated with interaction maps obtained from DEEP-STD NMR and 2D NMR experiments can be used as an indicator of the strength of the guest-surfactant interactions. This NMR toolbox can be adopted for the analysis of broad range of colloidal host–guest systems from soft materials to biological systems.

Change in capillary moisture capacity of oil-contaminated soil after washing with Tween-80

The change in capillary moisture capacity of gray forest soil was analyzed at various levels of oil and diesel fuel contamination (50, 150 and 300 ml/kg), as well as as a result of reagent treatment of contaminated soil samples using the nonionic surfactant Tween-80. The concentration of Tween-80 in the wash solutions was 1, 5 and 10 g/L. The ratio of the system components was: 100 g of soil: 400 ml of water: 100 ml of washing solution. Treatment of oil-contaminated soil with washing solutions was carried out for 1 hour with continuous stirring (60 rpm) and a temperature of 20 °C. Contamination of gray forest soils with oil and diesel fuel has led to a decrease in capillary moisture capacity. Thus, the moisture capacity indicator moved from the category “best” (40-50% according to the classification of Kaczynski, 1965) to “satisfactory” (25-30%) or “unsatisfactory” (less than 25%). After washing oil-contaminated soils with surfactant solutions, the values of capillary moisture capacity were restored from the level of “unsatisfactory” to “good” or “best”, although they remained somewhat lower than the level of the parameter of the original (uncontaminated) soil. The results obtained demonstrated an improvement in the studied and so important (in terms of yield) agrophysical parameter of oil-contaminated soil after its treatment with Tween-80. This confirms the prospects of using reagent treatment of oil-contaminated soils using this nonionic surfactant. At the indicated ratio soil: aqueous phase : washing solution, and the contamination level is up to 150 ml/kg (oil) and 300 ml/kg (diesel fuel), the optimal concentration for washing contaminated soil is 5 g/l Tween-80. When reclaiming soils contaminated with oil at a concentration of 300 ml/kg, it is recommended to increase the concentration of surfactants in washing solutions to 10 g/l.

The influence of surfactants of different classes on the toxicity of diesel fuel forSaccharomycetes

The effect on the survival of the yeastS. cerevisiaeof mixtures of diesel fuel (summer variety) with four representatives of different classes of surfactants – cationic (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide), anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate), nonionic (Tween-80) and polymeric (polyvinyl alcohol) – was studied. It was shown that diesel fuel and two representatives of the classes of anionic and cationic surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) in the mixture exhibited higher toxicity than when exposed individually. At the same time, the toxicity of diesel fuel mixed with a nonionic surfactant (Tween- 80) and a polymer surfactant (polyvinyl alcohol) was comparable to their individual toxicity.

An electrolyte induced thermodynamic study of quercetin and Tween 20: A physico-chemical approach for formulation development

The present study represents the thermodynamic interactions between the non-ionic surfactant Tween 20 and the well-known flavonoid quercetin. The conductivity experiments were conducted at five different temperatures (20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C and 40 °C) using various quercetin concentrations (1 mM, 2 mM and 3 mM) in 70 % v/v ethanol as a solvent. To overcome the non-conducting behavior of non-ionic surfactant Tween 20, as an electrolyte, sodium chloride solution (1 % w/v) was added. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) and XCMC values were calculated as a function of temperature using the specific conductivity experiments. In addition, a number of thermodynamic parameters, including change in Gibbs free energy of micellization (ΔGom), change in enthalpy (ΔHom), and entropy (ΔSom), have been estimated. Overall, the effects of quercetin on Tween 20′s micellization behaviour have been studied.