Non-governmental Groups Research Articles

MOBILISING MUSLIM ORGANISATIONS AMID THE PANDEMIC IN INDONESIA

Collective action to protect individuals from all forms of threatening causes, including the Covid-19 pandemic, is urgently needed. The Covid-19 pandemic urged religious practices and traditions to adapt to a situation where a series of health protocols must be observed. In order to prevent the spread, World Health Organisation (WHO) issued strict health protocol rules. Some of these rules seem to be contradicted to traditions and religious practices. This article tries to investigate the ways religious societies react and respond to the health crisis caused by Covid-19. In this respect, this paper strives to answer the questions of how Indonesian Muslims respond to the pandemic of Covid-19, how religion contributes to the prevention of transmission and infection, and overcomes the social problems impacted by the pandemic, and to analyze obstacles faced by Indonesian Muslims to enhance collective awareness to the danger of the Covid-19 pandemic. This article argues that civil or non-governmental religious leaders and groups, in general, play an important role to prevent and overcome the pandemic and after because of their independency to make decisions and awareness to the severity of the Covid-19 pandemic. The involvement of religious leaders who have authority at the grassroots level strengthens the legitimacy of the obligation to comply with health protocols and has succeeded in reducing the rate of transmission and death and increasing healing. Religious authority owned by clergy at lower levels has also encouraged increased participation in social solidarity which is demanded instead to depart from diversity and not similarities, among others due to Covid-19.

“I Need Ammunition, Not a Ride”: The Ukrainian Cyber War

The Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 has shown that cyberwarfare is integral to modern military strategies. Although the Russian army has developed cyber capabilities and capacities over the years, Ukraine has quickly created a new and innovative cyber defence that includes public and private actors. Using online communication platforms to reach out to populations, internally and externally, has been instrumental for military success. Inventive thinking has enabled the actors to utilise the online space and develop new computing tactics to defend the country. The intense online presence of Ukrainian President Zelenskyy stands in clear contrast to Russian President Putin. President Zelenskyy is mastering online communication and is speaking directly to the people. Because of his constant use of virtual communication platforms, new public and private resistance movements have formed based on civic activism and a defiant stance against Russian aggression. Various non-governmental groups of hackers, hacktivists and activists have created a structure of resistance, where each has taken on a role in a nodal system depending on skills and engagement levels. This article will focus on how the Ukrainian leadership has been able to carry out a successful speech act that has activated numerous online users internally and externally. This speech act has enabled a new form of online civic activism where online actors fight with the military forces — but mostly without being employed by the state. Within the first 40 days, this activism has proven beneficial to the existing military force to defend Ukraine. The article investigates Ukraine’s role in the David and Goliath fight and how Ukraine’s initiatives have helped develop its cyber defence. The research is based on secondary sources predominately based on grounded theory, where the data collected are critically compared with theoretical content. All data is theoretically sampled and analysed based on the established socio-political approaches deriving from discourse analysis. The timeframe for this research is the first 40 days of the conflict, starting on February 24 2022.

The Legal Policy of Criminal Justice Bureaucracy Cybercrime

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p class="AbstractText">Cybercrime has resulted in astronomical losses for the business community. However, the reactive policy model must be more effective at preventing cybercrime, and the due process model is also inappropriate for combating cybercrime with a high level of speed and mobility. This study is normative legal research employing a conceptual strategy and case studies. The results indicate that the reactive model must be improved in order to prevent cybercrime. The model of due process is not appropriate for deterring cybercrime with a high degree of speed and mobility. The preventative law enforcement strategy is effective, but it requires a high level of law enforcement capability to detect and disable cybercrime, which is something that few Indonesian law enforcement officials possess. Prevention based on the user, which places responsibility on internet users, is fine for individuals but not for businesses. Based on collaboration between corporations, universities, civic society, and non-governmental groups, the collaborative model synthesizes the aforementioned paradigms. Because they are based on plans or roadmaps created by internet stakeholders, regulations, technical aspects, and law enforcement may be effectively implemented and developed.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

Court holds that pharmaceutical product placement may be a representation of product quality

Most states have consumer protection laws that authorize lawsuits against retailers who represent their products as having characteristics that the products actually do not have. Lawsuits alleging such misrepresentations can usually be pursued against retailers either by individual product purchasers or by nongovernmental public interest groups. A recent case from the District of Columbia reviewed allegations of unfair business practices against two retailers based on their placement of homeopathic remedies near the pharmacy area of their businesses.

Policy influencer support for active transportation policy in two Canadian provinces: Implications for advocacy

IntroductionActive travel or transportation (AT) is recognized for its growing potential to improve the health and wellbeing of Canadians. AT policy helps to promote active commuting by reducing barriers, such as through the development of infrastructure and reducing traffic. As policy influencers are important gatekeepers who can promote or impede policy, this research explores policy influencer support for AT policy in two Canadian provinces. MethodsThe Chronic Disease Prevention Survey has examined policy influencer and general public support for healthy public policy options since 2009. The 2019 iteration surveyed policy influencers in Alberta (n = 248) and Manitoba (n = 115) working in government and non-government organizations. These policy influencers were asked to indicate their level of support for eight AT policy options and demographic information. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze support for AT policy options and demographics. Different levels of support between policy influencers by province and group were determined by a two-sided Pearson's chi-squared test. ResultsRespondents indicated high levels of support across all policy influencer groups. Four policy options demonstrated significantly lower support among Alberta respondents compared to Manitoba. Respondents in government and non-government groups reported similar levels of support for all but one policy option (Ensure municipalities establish minimum standards for health promoting environments that developers need to address; 78.3% vs. 91.2% respectively). Overall levels of support for active school transportation were high across respondent groups (average 96.0%). ConclusionsBy understanding the current levels of support, advocates can appropriately garner support and tailor advocacy plans. Key takeaways: (1) school-based policies could be a quick win for AT advocates and (2) work is needed to build support for more intrusive but impactful AT policy options. Overall, the high levels of support by policy influencer respondents across most AT policy options indicate a potential policy window for advocates.

Análisis del sistema de salud chileno y su estructura en la participación social

ABSTRACT The political-economic development that Chile has had in recent decades has allowed the evolution of its health institutions, where hospital coverage, management, and infrastructure have been improved. The health policy organization is highly centralized and structured by the State, and this has allowed the rapid implementation of several programs. On the other hand, participation is maintained within the spaces allowed by institutionality. However, there is permanent pressure from non-governmental groups asking for different governance. Therefore, moving from a participatory reactivity in health matters to permanent proactivity is desired, although this requires a constant dialogue between the State and citizens. This paper analyzes the Chilean health system and how it relates to subsequent citizen participation, highlighting the elements that, under the current social reality, require a change to satisfy the population adequately.

Effects of Water Policy Implementation and Management of Common Pool Resources in Turkana County, Kenya

Kenya and the sub-Saharan Africa nations could not accomplish the millennial advancement objectives plan on water and consequently the administration of water is in the core of manageable improvement objectives. This paper explored several reasons explaining why water policies are ineffective in Kenya, including; weak institutional frameworks, poor and unsustainable management schemes, fragmented approach to development of water resources and inadequate development of water infrastructure caused by conflict of interest by the implementing agencies. This study used descriptive research design, and targeted household heads and the county water staff in Loima Sub County. The study sample comprised 392 respondents. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaire and KII. The study findings revealed that, community participation in water resource project management cycle was important for managing water as a shared resource. Moreover, the study established that non-governmental groups and the private sector were better at managing water as a shared resource. Furthermore, community participation in the management of water as a resource for common use was found not to be a determining factor in such management. The study concludes that water is a development challenge in Loima Sub County; it is thus essential to involve the community in the management of water as a common pool resource. The study therefore recommends that Turkana water government should improve performance of utilities through operationalize Turkana County Water Act 2019 and develop robust performance improvement plans based on diagnostic of the utility’s key challenges. Additionally, development of water and governance policy ought to guide management through co-creation in development of coherent and robust policy framework, operationalization roadmap and redesign the structure of water management committees through adoption of appropriate service delivery options based on context. Keywords: Water assets, Policy implementation, Decision making, Pool resources, Challenges

Post‐flood infectious disease prevention and control: Current scenario in Pakistan

Post‐flood infectious disease prevention and control: Current scenario in Pakistan

Perceptions on Hearing Aid Use and Its Influence on Self-Esteem of Learners With Hearing Impairment in Integrated Settings in Nairobi City County, Kenya

Hearing impairment has been linked to low self-esteem in children. Many teachers have noted that a growing number of students are unwilling to wear hearing aids, even though non-governmental groups such as the Starkey Ear Foundation provide them free of charge. The study aimed to discover how learners with hearing impairment in integrated units in Nairobi City County, Kenya, felt about hearing aid use and how it affected their self-esteem. Peter Burke's Identity Control Theory directed the research. The study was conducted using a descriptive survey design. Headteachers, teachers in charge of learners with hearing impairment, parents, and learners with and without hearing impairment were the target population. A total of 90 participants were surveyed, including 8 headteachers, 15 parents, 8 teachers, 51 learners with hearing impairment who used hearing aids, and 8 learners who did not have hearing problems. Data was gathered by the distribution of questionnaires to learners, parents, and instructors, as well as a complementing interview with the headteachers. Pilot research was undertaken in a Nairobi primary school. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the quantitative data. The computer programme SPSS version 22.0 was used to do inferential statistics. Thematic analysis was done on qualitative data. The study discovered that learners with hearing loss had generally positive attitudes concerning hearing aid use. Hearing aid use had a weak positive influence on the self-esteem of learners with hearing impairment as per the study's overall findings. The study recommends that the government provide schools with speech therapists/audiologists to follow up on language intervention of learners with hearing impairment who are wearing hearing aids, as well as encourage collaboration of a multi-disciplinary team that includes teachers, parents, headteachers, audiologists/speech therapists to ensure that they benefit from hearing aid use and improve their self-esteem.

Media Literacy and Fake News: Bangladesh Perspective

Social media have become an integral element of modern life. Internet accessibility has boosted the public's engagement in computer-controlled official and informal activities. However, many information sources contain unsupported, inaccurate, and erroneous material. In this circumstance, media literacy is a significant phenomenon in developing and non-developing nations. Due to the misuse of social media and lack of media literacy in Bangladesh, some unexpected communal acts of violence happened during the past decade. This study intends to emphasize, from a Bangladeshi viewpoint, the significance of media literacy in reducing rumors, misinformation, disinformation, and fake news. Using descriptive research methodologies, more than forty secondary data sources from Bengali, English, Russian, Indonesian, and Turkish literature, such as research papers, reports, news stories, publications, books, and theses, have been examined. In order to combat misinformation, rumors, fake news, and yellow journalism in developing nations like Bangladesh, where literacy rates are still low, it is imperative to increase media literacy levels. In this regard, governments and non-governmental groups should work collaboratively to fix the deficiencies in this process.

Handling Fruit And Vegetable Waste By Breeding BSF Larvae at the Penebel Village Waste Management Center, Tabanan

The Penebel Berlian KSM Waste Management Center is a non-governmental group with the aim of managing waste from households and from the traditional market of Penebel Village, which is in the form of organic waste and inorganic waste. In a day about 10 cubic feet of waste enters the KSM Penebel Berlian, 60% of which is organic waste. So far, organic waste is processed into compost, but it takes a long time while the waste is sent every day so that there is more and more organic waste and has not had time to be processed. It was also tried to process organic waste into eco-enzymes but failed because the community did not understand how it was made and the process of hardening the eco-enzym until it matured took a minimum of three months. The group wants to cultivate maggots intensively in KSM because the raw materials for maggot feed are adequate, can handle the problem of organic waste faster, odorless and involve group members. Maggot cultivation results will be used as poultry feed and fish feed, aquaculture waste will be used as organic fertilizer. Maggots are very positive to be developed into an alternative solution to the problem of organic waste without causing odors. Maggot larva of the BSF Fly (Black Shoulder Fly) which has the Latin name Hermetia illucens or black soldier fly is a large black fly and is not pathogenic. This cycle takes 40 to 45 days only. Community service activities have been running smoothly. Members of KSM Penebel Berlian have been able to independently produce BSF maggots from vegetable and fruit waste. Thus, the problem of organic waste in Penebel Village is also resolved, does not cause odors, waste does not accumulate, is handled in a shorter time with the concept of zero waste, and produces a product, namely BSF maggots that can be used as fish and poultry feed.

Child Behavior Problems as Predictors of Stress in Parents of Children with Developmental and Intellectual Disabilities in Four Emirates of the United Arab Emirates

ABSTRACT Background This study investigates the impact of behavior problems on stress that parents may experience due to raising children with intellectual and developmental disabilities, in relation to various child and parental characteristics. Method 175 parents of children with developmental and/or intellectual disabilities and with behavior problems from four Emirates of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) completed a quantitative questionnaire. Results Parental stress was significantly correlated with children’s behavior problems as indicated by t-test, correlation, and regression analysis. Parents’ stress was also correlated with the type and severity of children’s disability, children’s gender, and children’s age group of 16–20 years. Parents’ stress increased with mothers’ age at 21–30 years and decreased where a housemaid was employed. However, parents’ stress was lowest when the housemaid provided no service to the child. There was no relationship between parents’ stress and their gender, level of education, or marital status. Conclusion The UAE government and non-governmental groups should take steps to improve the psychological well-being of parents of children with developmental and/or intellectual disabilities and behavior problems, a key intervention being the enhancement of behavioral support services to such parents.

Post-Reform Cinema Public Space on Detik.com News Portal

Film festivals are public cultural spheres that arose quickly after the fall of the New Order. The rise of film festival activities was covered by the Indonesian mass media, particularly online media. Detik.com is an example of online media that is currently a public reference, including witnessing the development of film festivals in post-reformation Indonesia. The primary goal of this research is to examine the representation of the public sphere in a film festival article written by Detik.com. This study chose an explanatory qualitative approach based on media framing theory. From its inception until 2019, Detik.com was Indonesia’s first news portal, publishing 894 articles on film festivals. The analysis knife employs several major theories, including Public Space (Habermas), Film Festival (De Valck), and news framing (De Vreese). To strengthen the article, the sources cited are also the most comprehensive, consisting of government groups (e.g., Executive and DPR) and non-government groups (filmmakers, festival managers, academics, religious groups, and spectators). When comparing the scale of implementation, national film festivals are mostly covered, namely 28 film festivals and eight film festivals. During the post-reform era, the most news framing film festivals are generic issues (33 festivals) versus 14 festivals that fall into the category of specific issue framing.

The spatial politics of land policy reform in Myanmar and Laos

ABSTRACT Land policy reform has dominated the development agenda across the Global South over the past two decades. In contrast with earlier distributive land reforms, contemporary policies reflect an amalgamation of neoliberal, state territorial, and social justice agendas. This paper demonstrates how land policy changes reflect the spatially extensive and multi-scalar politics of land contestation and control, employing the cases of Myanmar and Laos. Myanmar's short-lived democratic transition enabled civil society actors to exert uneven influence on policy reform. In contrast, communist party and state dominance in Laos has constrained, although not wholly obstructed, policy intervention by non-governmental groups.

Level of awareness on dengue

We conclude our review that the spread of the dengue outbreak was facilitated by the community's ignorance and sloth, as well as government authorities. People, religious scholars, leaders, and government organisations, on the other hand, were not organised to participate in dengue prevention and eradication, which raised the risk of infection in the community. For the implementation of preventative policies, the report advises organising local communities and activating local leadership with the active engagement of government and non-government groups.

The fetish economy of sex and gender activism: transnational appropriation and allyship

This article examines what happens when local gender rights activism is taken up by international allies and appropriators, using case studies of activism in Saudi Arabia and India. The relationship between local and transnational activists is shaped by histories of Euro-Americans writing about the gendered organisation of Eastern societies. In an economic system where nongovernmental activist groups compete for donor support, political causes are commodities with value, and value is generated through representations (e.g. of patriarchal oppression). These representations of the sexuality and gender organisation of other societies are fetishes in the Marxian sense, essential to the commodity-cause that generates value in circulation. These representations gain value through the accretion of cultural images and texts that adhere to the cause, e.g. the stereotype of the violent brown man and oppressed woman. Such images in the cultural repository allow transnational consumers to make sense of issues they are called to support. But such images also reify stereotypes that activists seek to undermine, even at the same time that these representations generate an international audience. We analyse this process and identify strategies for how transnational allies can show solidarity without overshadowing or devaluing the voices of local activists, with primary focus on the case of activism against male guardianship laws in Saudi Arabia.

A theoretical analysis of complex armed conflicts.

The introduction and analysis of a simple idealized model enables basic insights into how military characteristics and recruitment strategies affect the dynamics of armed conflicts, even in the complex case of three or more fighting groups. In particular, the model shows when never ending wars (stalemates) are possible and how initial conditions and interventions influence a conflict's fate. The analysis points out that defensive recruitment policies aimed at compensating for suffered losses lead to conflicts with simple dynamics, while attack groups sensitive to the damages they inflict onto their enemies can give rise to conflicts with turbulent behaviours. Since non-governmental groups often follow attack strategies, the conclusion is that the evolution of conflicts involving groups of that kind can be expected to be difficult to forecast.

Introductory Technology as It Impacts Modern Society in The World

Technology may be defined as the tangible and immaterial things created either by application or mental and physical work in order to achieve a goal. Technological education, from the other side, does not concentrate on a certain job path but rather on providing fundamental technical skills. As a result, while all technical education programmes are technical in nature, not all technical education programmes are vocational in nature. This subtle relationship explains the interchangeable usage of both names in scholarly literature. According to Nigeria's national education plan, technical education is focused on the development of highly technological human resources with the goal of producing a national pool of skilled and self-sufficient artisans, technicians, including technicians in technical and vocational fields. Education is just a "par excellent" tool for national development in the world. Non-governmental groups, communities, and people have all actively participated, as has the government. As a result, it is vital for the country to articulate clearly and unequivocally the philosophy and aims that motivate its investment in education. That was what the National Education Policy wants to achieve. According to the study's findings, one of most endemic difficulties militating against participants' performance throughout introductory Technology are really a lack of training infrastructure, a shortage of teaching staff, insufficient discovering, a vast curriculum, poor appreciation and compensation, as well as inefficient guardian and counseling center.

Pengawasan Partisipatif Bawaslu Kendal Terhadap Pilkada di Kabupaten Kendal Tahun 2020 Perspektif Maqāşid Asy-Syarīʻah

Participatory supervision is an initiative activity outside the supervisory agency to ensure the stages of the general election run by collecting data, information, and making an inventory of the results of cases relating to the holding of general elections and/or regional head elections conducted by independent and non-governmental groups or community organizations. partisan. This concept seems to contain efforts to realize the value of community sovereignty. Where this process becomes the basic foundation of democratic practice. The concept of Islamic law has offered such protection efforts which are then packaged in the concept of Fiqh Siyasah. This continues to be developed in the Maqāṣid ash-Syarīʻah theory. The value of benefit is the point of study of Maqāṣid ash-Syarīʻah. Benefits and/or sovereignty need to be implemented in the practice of holding simultaneous regional head elections in 2020. Basically, the practice of holding regional head elections is the implementation of maintaining community sovereignty. This research is a qualitative research with a sociological juridical approach to be further presented as analytical descriptive data. This research took place at the Bawaslu of Kendal Regency. This study aims to determine the practice of participatory supervision of simultaneous regional head elections in 2020 and the practice of analyzing Maqāṣid ash-Syarīʻah as a theory of implementing the value of the benefit of participatory supervision carried out in the election of regents and deputy regents of Kendal district for the 2020-2024 period.

Creating Businesses by Students, Challenges and Prospects: Insights from the University of Cape Coast

The goal of this study was to look into and explore the challenges (impacts) and opportunities that University of Cape Coast students encounter. To determine the characteristics impacting student entrepreneurship, the researcher used diffusion of innovation theory, McClelland theory, Abraham Maslow's hierarchy, and Keller's arcs model. The study's objectives included analyzing the academic obstacles or impact of student entrepreneurship, social problems or impact of student entrepreneurship, economic challenges or impact of student entrepreneurship, and the possibilities of entrepreneur ventures. The principal research technique was a self-administered questionnaire in this quantitative study. Descriptive statistics were employed to acquire a broad idea of the data distribution. To get a general understanding of the data distribution, descriptive statistics were used. Frequency distribution and percentages were utilized as descriptive statistical techniques. Students feel entrepreneurship has a negative impact on their academics, but they also believe it has major economic, social, and career benefits, according to the research. As a result, most students believe that entrepreneurship is a worthy concept to pursue while at university, but the largest barrier preventing them from doing so is their concern of compromising their academic standing. A new entrepreneurship program has recently been launched at the University of Cape Coast, which is a positive move in the right direction. Students should also be better aware of the many government and non-government groups financial help options accessible to them. The author suggests that future studies use a bigger sample size to address these issues. Larger sample sizes are necessary for each of the components.