Non-governmental Bodies Research Articles

Potentials Distribution and Origin of Lablab [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet]: A Review

The review summarizes the potential, distribution and origin of Lablab purpureus. Forage legume has potentials for the production and productivities of arable land by suppling nitrogen for the living organisms in the soil those allowed to obtain their own feed in the symbiotic relationships. Further the soil become fertile for the next cropping season even at the time of intercropping the yield would be improved than mono-cropping systems. It also supplies the protein requirement of livestock and human consumption as vegetable or as seed sources. It is summer growing annual trifoliate forage legume. The origin of lablab is considered to be in Africa because in large parts of tropical Africa wild type cultivated lablab exists. Then it is heavily distributed to the corner side of the continent and Southeast Asia for seed and vegetable production. Even though the origin and distribution of lablab initiated in the African continent the applicability and degree of uses of the species were not well recognized across countries in the continent. Therefore further conservation and evaluation of this dual purpose species give priority by governmental and non-governmental bodies.

STATE AND SUPPORT OF STRATEGIC PLANNING OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF EU ENTERPRISES

The article analyzes the current state and support for strategic planning of foreign economic activity of EU enterprises. It is established that the European Union, or rather its member states, has the competence to harmonize legislation, which it implements in such areas as the free circulation of goods, services, capital, as well as in such sectors as agriculture, fishing, transport and energy. Meanwhile, health, tourism and civil protection are examples of areas where the European Union can only pass laws in support of member states ‘ initiatives. The EU has a relatively open trade regime, which has stimulated the development of relations with a wide range of trading partners. Indeed, the EU is deeply integrated into global markets, and this picture can be expected to continue, as modern transport and communications developments create an additional incentive for producers to exchange goods (and services) around the world. Foreign economic activity is regulated independently or jointly at several levels: national; bilateral and regional; and global. Usually, national state bodies regulate foreign economic activity autonomously, issuing various laws, regulations, regulations, permits, and so on. Regional bodies of competence, such as the EU Council of ministers, the UN Security Council, etc., can also operate independently. Coordinated or joint regulation of foreign economic activity is carried out by issuing joint acts or signing international treaties and agreements, as well as in accordance with various rules and Customs adopted by intergovernmental or non-governmental bodies and organizations. Any regulation is aimed at implementing a particular foreign economic policy (the means of which we will explain in the next topic), and this contributes to economic integration into the world economy. On the other hand, the processes of foreign economic activity, increasingly complex relationships and the desire to quickly solve problems lead to an increase in the number and role of bodies and organizations in regulating foreign economic activity.

Digital Performance in EU Member States in the Context of the Transition to a Climate Neutral Economy

The climate-neutral economy is today, more than ever, the priority issue for all governmental and non-governmental bodies, directly and indirectly involved in the ambitious and responsible process of society’s transition to the green economy. To be or not to be sustainable today is no longer an option, but an urgent necessity. Based on these considerations, our research aims to add to the knowledge on the digital performance of the Member States in the context of the transition to a climate neutral economy, by analyzing the mutations that have occurred in the digital performance of the EU countries in the period 2015–2020, as well as forecasting developments for the year 2025. In order to obtain a relevant result, we used the components of the DESI index, published by the European Commission, and the variables were processed through hierarchical cluster analysis. The results demonstrate that, around the core formed in 2015 by four high digitally performing countries from the North of Europe in 2015, other countries have gradually clustered, so that in 2025 we estimate that a number of eight Member States will be part of the group of the most digitally performing countries. These countries are decisively committed to the transition towards a climate-neutral economy, their initiatives and examples of good practice can be taken up by all European and non-European countries pursuing the same objectives of sustainable development.

Strengthening Tuberculosis Diagnostics and Healthcare Amidst COVID-19: A Call to Action

The COVID-19 pandemic has impeded various health systems worldwide, causing a decline in the surveillance, diagnosis and treatment of various other infectious diseases, including major diseases like Tuberculosis. The challenges associated with the pandemic have adversely impacted tuberculosis control efforts globally, resulting in a decline in tuberculosis detection, surveillance and healthcare provision. This is attributed to the redirection of diagnostic, healthcare and treatment services to the COVID-19 response, and the persistence of public stigma towards tuberculosis and COVID-19 patients, amongst other challenges. To avoid a further decline in tuberculosis control efforts, the necessary approaches recommended include improvement of tuberculosis detection by employing rapid diagnostic techniques, upgrading of treatment administration to reduce the risk of transmission and drug resistance, engagement of governments, policymakers and non-governmental bodies on the need for enhanced tuberculosis eradication strategies, and implementation of awareness campaigns to reduce the associated public stigma. As tuberculosis has remained a major public health threat over the years, it is pertinent to minimize the impediments and ensure continuity of global tuberculosis control efforts amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. This will ensure progress in line with the World Health Organization’s global strategy to end tuberculosis.

Incarcerated women’s lived experience: a study in Dessie and Woldia correctional centers, Ethiopia

PurposeThis study aims to examine the reasons for and the challenges of women’s incarceration coupled with the threats for their reintegration upon release with a focus on the correctional centers at Dessie and Woldia cities.Design/methodology/approachThis study used quantitative and qualitative research methods with cross-sectional and descriptive research design used to collect the quantitative data, and key informant interviews and participant observation were used to collect the qualitative data. A sample of 60 women prisoners was taken from both correctional centers. The quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis, respectivelyFindingsFindings of the study indicate that family backgrounds, gender-based violence, illiteracy and socio-economic problems were the causes for the women’s imprisonment. The women perpetrators were mainly accused of theft, vandalism, murder and moral perversion. Poor detention environment, worry for the family breakup, emotional instability, financial hardships and deprivation of spiritual life were the major sources of distress among the incarcerated women, whereas social stigma, lack of trust and fear of revenge were the threats to reintegrate to their families and communities.Research limitations/implicationsThis study involved incarcerated women at the correctional centers in Dessie and Woldia who committed various types of crimes. Because the informant women were imprisoned for violating certain established rules and regulations, they might have withheld some relevant issues to this research, which they thought were secret and personal. In addition, the women at the correctional centers might not have felt secure to speak more openly about their worst experiences at prison for fear they should face administrative challenges stemming from disclosing their real-life situations as incarcerated persons. The authors thus believe that further research is needed to uncover facts about women’s criminality and the experiences of women inmates at correctional centers.Practical implicationsThe findings of this research do have practical implications as explained below. The local government sectors and non-governmental organizations will benefit from the study so as to develop feasible strategies to mitigate women’s criminality and scale down the increasing number of female perpetrators (prisoners). Local government and non-governmental entities (bodies) can easily identify the violent behaviors of husbands that cause women’s criminality and design comprehensive awareness creation strategies toward reducing hostile gender relations. Governmental and non-governmental stakeholders including the local communities will be able to advocate gender equality programs aiming at eliminating gender discrimination and abuses that exacerbate women’s criminality. Incarceration centers will improve access to education and vocational training to female inmates so that beneficiaries will acquire relevant knowledge and skills to enter into the local labor market to sustain themselves and their families upon release from prison.Originality/valueThis is an original paper with a fresh perspective regarding the lived experiences of women at the prisons of study area guided by popular criminological theories. Thus, the research work would be used as a literature of the study area and help government and non-government bodies to prepare policies and guidelines. Most particularly, the Woldia and Dessie correctional centers would benefit from this paper to develop essential plans and take measures about the adverse situation of incarcerated women.

Terrorism and Armed Conflict in Nigeria: A Case Study of Boko Haram

The North-East region of Nigeria has been the epicenter of Boko Haram attacks and killings since 2002. Recently, the group has extended its menace to the North-West and North-Central regions. Compounding the menace of Boko Haram in these regions, are the activities of the Islamic State’s West African Province (ISWAP), a breakaway terrorist group from Boko Haram and the administrative division of the Islamic States (IS). These armed groups’ renewed attacks on helpless Nigerians, facilities, and institutions have worsened the situation in Northern Nigeria, as they attack both public and private facilities, including the civilian populations and objects. The armed forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and other security agencies engage these armed groups, as both parties fight for supremacy. Nigeria is a State Party to some international instruments regulating the conduct of war and human rights. How far have the country and the armed groups respected and observed the rules of these international instruments in their hostilities? This research paper, therefore, examines these situations and evaluates the activities of these armed groups and the responses by the government of Nigeria with a view to determining whether they have reached the threshold of armed conflict. Chapter one examines the evolution and ideology of Boko Haram and defines certain key terms, whilst chapter two deals with the status of Boko Haram under international humanitarian law. Chapter three discusses the effects of the activities of the groups. In chapter four, the paper examines the efficacy of the responses and interventions by the government, international community, and non-governmental bodies, whilst chapter five concludes with some far-reaching recommendations.

Anti-corruption mechanisms: A study in the light of international law and national regulation

Corruption is a constant dilemma that challenges societies and manifests itself differently in every state and civilization. This phenomenon has disastrous consequences on the economy and society. After clarifying the different approaches to corruption, this paper sheds light on the types of corruption and its causes. Sources of corruption can lie in the weakness of the rule of law, judiciary, internal control system, and low wages (Sumpf, Araji, & Crompton, 2016). This paper also examines important anti-corruption instruments such as international and regional organizations, and governmental and non-governmental bodies. It intends to review the state of corruption at the national level and how Jordan and Iraq tackled corruption by analyzing the data of the reports published by the transparency organization and the local authorities: the Jordanian Integrity and Anti-Corruption Commission and the Iraqi Federal Commission of Integrity. The aim is to show what these nations have done on a domestic level to fulfill the international requirement to reduce corruption. This study found that most anti-corruption laws are laws to establish relevant bodies and departments, but they are not special laws to combat corruption crimes. Moreover, although Iraq and Jordan joined international and regional conventions to combat corruption, they have not been fully successful in curbing it. The main recommendations based on these findings are to increase the role of international and local monitoring agencies, enforce written laws, and enhance cooperation between agencies. Arab countries must establish clear public policies and strategies for combating corruption.

Сучасний інструментарій моделювання, планування та регулювання заходів реалізації стратегії екологічно спрямованого інвестиційного розвитку підприємств країни

Environmental and economic regulation involves the influence of governmental and non-governmental bodies on the functioning and development of the national economic system, industries and enterprises through a set of tools and levers of environmental and economic orientation. It is well-proven that for a domestic industrial enterprise at forming of the programs of the ecologically directed investment development it costs to use the tool of the modern planning and design of ecologization of activity and perfection of business processes. For the decision of problem of the ecologically directed improvement of business processes it costs to conduct a design and evaluation of their influence on the results of activity, that allows to define, at what level presently there are an enterprise and what his prospects of development and possibility of improvement of activity. In the article the result of design of the stages of strategy of ecologization of activity of industrial enterprise is presented on the basis of platform of design of «Ramus Modeler» of modern platforms of SADT – diagrams (Structured of analysis and design technique). In the article it is suggested to determine and regulate the basic stages of the program of nature protection investment development on the basis of their design with the use of application of ARIS (Architecture of Integrated Information Systems) package. In the article the result of design of the stages of improvement of nature protection activity of industrial enterprise is presented in the standard of functional design – IDEF0 (Integration Definition for of Function Modeling) of «Ramus Modeler» software. It is well-proven that the context diagram (functional diagram of higher level) and her decoupling got as a result of design give the evident detailed description of the stages of ecologization of activity, and also aim, tasks, expected results and existent resources, mechanisms of management and providing, entrance and initial documentation, responsible persons et al, that allows to set possible defects and bring in necessary changes.

Is Ppp the New Firepower For Islamic Finance That Will Accelerate Progress Towards (SDGS)?

Having access to essential infrastructure services is pivotal in creating economic opportunities and bringing social services to the poor. Their deficiency leads to a number of negative consequences and lost opportunities (the World Bank indicates that currently 1 billion people live without electricity, 663 million people lack access to safe drinking water, 840 million people are located more than 2 kilometers from all-weather roads, and 4 billion people cannot access the Internet). The systematization of the results of World Bank research proved that lower-and middle-income countries need to spend on average 4.5 percent of GDP to deliver infrastructure services and achieve the infrastructure-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The urgency of solving this problem lies in the fact that in many countries, the high levels of investment required for infrastructure cannot be financed by the public purse alone. Therefore, the governments of these countries should pay attention to private investments as a tool for additional fundraising. The article presents the results of the analysis, which proved that the Private-Public Partnership has increasingly become a common structure for the delivery of public infrastructure. It offers the opportunity for governments and nongovernmental bodies to achieve more efficient projects by sharing risks and giving the private sector a chance to bring innovation to the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of public infrastructure. The study theoretically proves that public-private partnership offers monetary and non-monetary advantages for the public sector, in particular: allowing the allocation of public funds for other local priorities, distributing project risks to both public and private sectors, improved efficiency and project implementation processes in delivering services to the public, emphasizes Value for Money (VfM) – focusing on reduced costs, better risk allocation, faster implementation, improved services and possible generation of additional revenue. In the paper, based on a comparative analysis of conventional bonds and Sukuk (Islamic bonds), it was concluded that conventional bonds represent the issuer’s pure debt, while the latter offers multiple benefits: lower costs of funds due to higher rating via credit enhancement, access to the capital markets, diversification of funding sources, off-balance sheet financing (via securitization), improvement of financial ratios, and potential risk reduction.

Pandemic politics - an introduction

The outbreak of COVID-19 in early 2020 and the various measures taken subsequently, either by individual countries or by government and non-government bodies with a global reach, have had a profound effect on human lives on a number of levels, be it social, economic, legal, or political. The scramble to respond to the threat posed by the rapid spread of the virus has, in many cases, led to a suspension of ordinary politics whilst at the same time throwing into sharp relief the profoundly political nature of the pandemic. In addition to the new issues that have arisen regarding detection and treatment of the COVID-19 virus, perennial political issues regarding the limits of political authority, racial and gender justice, and populism and demagoguery have thrust themselves to the forefront of mainstream political discourse.

HEDONIC PRICE ANALYSIS OF CHICKEN MEAT CUT IN BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA

The study examined the Hedonic price analysis of chicken meat cut in Bauchi State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 586 households in the study area and data were collected through the use of structured questionnaire. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of the study revealed that most (96.9%) of the household heads were male and married (89.8%) with about 35.7% of them having secondary education and 30.0% take farming as their occupation. The study also revealed the mean age, mean household size and mean monthly household head income as 41 years, 8 person per household and N47,481.46, respectively. The results of the hedonic regression analysis revealed that, age of the household head, sex of chicken, types of chicken breed, marital status and market locations were the major factors influencing the price of chicken in the study area. The major constraints to chicken consumption were financial problem, high cost of chicken, health related problems, poor sanitary condition of meat vendors as well as high prices of other food items of necessities. It was therefore recommended that, federal/State governments should enhance economic boasting programmes to improve the income of consumers; there should be a concerted effort on the part of government and non-governmental bodies on measures of increasing animal feeds and feeding to boast animal production. More study also needs to be done on segmentation and differentiation of chicken meat cuts based on international standard.

Trans fatty acids in food: A review on dietary intake, health impact, regulations and alternatives

Trans fats are desired by the edible oil industry as they impart firmness, plasticity, and oxidative stability to oil. However, clinical trials have demonstrated the adverse effects of trans fats in food on human health and nutrition. Regulatory actions have been taken up by government and non-government bodies worldwide to eliminate the presence of trans fats in the food supply. The World Health Organization (WHO) has launched a "REPLACE" action plan to eliminate trans-fat from the global food industry by 2023. A few enabling technologies are developed to mitigate trans fats namely, trait-enhanced oils, modification in the hydrogenation process, interesterification, fractionation, blending, and oleogelation. Some of them have the drawback of replacing trans-fat with saturated fats. Interesterification and oleogelation are in-trend techniques with excellent potential in replacing trans fats without compromising the desired functionality and nutritional quality attributes. This review presents an overview of trans fatty acid for example, its dietary intake in food products, possible adverse health impact, regulations, and approaches to reduce the usage of trans fats for food application. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The requirement for the replacement of trans fatty acids (TFAs) in food supply globally has challenged the food industry to find a novel substitute for trans fats without compromising the desired functionality and nutritional property. This review presents detailed background on trans fats, their health impacts and current trends of reformulation of oils and fats to mitigate their presence in food supply chains. Information compiled in this paper will help food scientists and technologists, chemists, food processors, and retailers as there is an urgent need to find novel technologies and substitutes to replace trans fats in processed foods.

Herbaceous farmers’ linkage to grocery stores in Ondo State, Nigeria


 
 
 This study examined linkage between herbaceous farmers and grocery stores in Ondo State, Nigeria. A multi stage sampling procedure was used to select 96 respondents for the study. Interview schedule was used to elicit information while data were analysed using percentages, mean, and the Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The results revealed that all the respondents (100%) of the herbaceous farmers got information from input suppliers, which can enhance their linkage to grocery stores. However, the linkage between the herbaceous farmers and groceries store was low. Increase profitability ( x̅ = 4.7) and increase yield (x̅ = 4.3) were major factors that encouraged the farmers to sell to grocery stores. Result showed that farmers’ age, educational level and farm size influence farmers ‘linkage to grocery stores. There is need for the state government and other non-governmental bodies to create awareness and training for farmers on how to get connected with grocery stores other than just selling at the local markets.
 
 

Renewable energy policy and governance in West Sumatera Province: an overview

West Sumatera Province is the province with the highest renewable energy mix target in Indonesia. To realize this target, the Province of West Sumatera has designed a policy and institutional or governance strategy. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to see the policies and forms of governance in the development of renewable energy in West Sumatera Province descriptively. The research was conducted in a descriptive qualitative way using 2 (two) data collection techniques: Interview and Documentation Review. Policy planning that targets 1) Formulation of the legal basis for development and utilization; 2) Development of utilization areas in the form of power plants (solar cell, garbage, wind, biomass, micro-hydro, mini-hydro, water, geothermal); and 3) Empowerment of local communities to support the success of energy sustainability in renewable energy installations. However, the wide-scale of energy development requires institutional forms that involve multi-stakeholders: government bodies and non-government bodies. However, unfortunately, in its implementation, the involvement of these stakeholders in an ideal collaboration forum never happened. Stakeholder involvement is limited to official formalities. We have again found the “magical word”: the tasks, principals, and functions that hinder the movement of the bureaucracy in Indonesia.

Increasing Trend of Substance Using among Females of Punjab

The article gives a detailed study of facts and figures of female substance users in Punjab as reported in different surveys. It discusses the major reasons of increasing trend of substance using among females of Punjab out of which the most prominent roots of this menace are discussed in this review as socio-economical pressure and the role of entertainment and social media. Common social factors were found to be peer pressure and relational substance use among females. Financially, most of the women started using substance as a result of transition from housewife to caretakers of family. Some students were addicted to substance using from friends already addicted to substance use while other students started abusing substance due to stress of hectic study routines. In some reported cases, young ones were encouraged to use substance by watching an elder substance user. Transition from chars to other substances of choice was also found in many female substance users. Case studies of some Female Substance Users expressed some awful and serious issues which need immediate attention. There is a large risk factor associated with this increasing trend of substance using in this region which needs to be tackled carefully by the government and certain other non-governmental bodies.

Depression, Anxiety, and Stress During Times of COVID-19: An Analysis of Youngsters Studying in Higher Education in India

This study addressed the critical problems of depression, anxiety, and stress, which are prevalent among students pursuing higher education. Specifically, this article aimed to study the level of psychological distress due to the COVID-19 pandemic experienced by young people studying in higher education institutions in India. The study also attempted to identify various coping strategies students adopted to overcome this difficult time. Following a descriptive research design, this study used surveys to collect primary data from 235 students in graduate and undergraduate programs in India. The DASS-21 scale was used to check the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress students experienced. Furthermore, a four-point COPE scale was used to identify coping strategies students adopted. The results showed that students experienced high levels of stress and anxiety during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Although depression levels were not alarming, most students were worried about several aspects of their lives and careers. However, because the data were collected from a relatively small sample, the study is likely not generalisable. Furthermore, most of the data were collected online, which has its limitations. This research likely has significant implications for various stakeholders, such as students, parents, institutions, counsellors, and government and non-government bodies, because it may help them take appropriate actions. These research contributions are original and novel, because the COVID-19 pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges and inspired new solutions to the problems of students and society.

A review on use of agrochemical in agriculture and need of organic farming in Nepal

The growing use of chemical pesticides haphazardly and their harmful influence on ecosystem and human health highlight the necessity for safe and sustainable organic production in our time. The article reviews a general overview of organic farming; the impact of organic farming on soil health and climate mitigation in comparison with conventional farming practice in Nepal. The article identifies the problems and possibilities of organic farming to resuscitate the pesticide-dominated conventional practice in Nepal. Organic farming now has been embedded in the natural agriculture policy in Nepal. Organic farming benefits in terms of environmental protection along with better living health. Various governmental and non-governmental bodies, farmers, and individuals are working to promote organic farming in Nepal. With the increase in awareness of health and environmental concerns, the adoption of organic agriculture and the demand for organic agricultural products is increasing. It holds a great prospect in countries like ours where an integrated crop-livestock system is still prevalent in many parts of the country. As a result, an organic farming system in Nepal must be thoroughly investigated and supported through proper regulations and tactics. It is urged to supplant pesticide-based conventional farming with organic farming that leads towards agricultural sustainability for the upcoming generation.

Addressing the Challenges to Sustainable Initiatives in Value Chain Flexibility: Implications for Sustainable Development Goals

The value chain refers to the source of competition to facilitate organizations to maximize and sustain value for their consumers. Value chain flexibility is necessary to build sustainable initiatives in addressing ambiguity. In the literature, there is a lack of framework to highlight the challenges to sustainable initiatives in value chain flexibility. This study fills this research gap by suggesting a framework for challenges to sustainable initiatives in value chain flexibility. In this study, thirteen potential challenges to sustainable initiatives in value chain flexibility are identified and an integrated model is developed. It adopts the modified Total Interpretive Structure Model and the Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification methodology. The mixed approach is used as the modified Total Interpretive Structure Model organizes the binary interactions among the challenges, while Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification analysis organizes specific precise assessments of the driving power and dependence of the challenges. The results of the study reflect that (i) lack of supplier commitment to sustainable products and (ii) lack of knowledge toward sustainability in value chains are the challenges that achieved the highest driving power. The challenge ‘inadequate communication among the suppliers in the value chain’ is at the highest level in the analysis. The proposed framework could help government and non-government bodies to formulate policies to efficiently address challenges to sustainable initiatives in value chain flexibility.

Desert locust invasion in Nepal and possible management strategies: A review

Desert locusts are the harmful pests that feed on every edible substance available on their way. One single mature locust can consume crops equal to its weight. In present condition where various world nations are struggling with the problem of food scarcity, this desert locust invasion has emerged as a considerable setback in achieving the universal goal of food security. Frequent outbreaks have led to tremendous environmental and economic losses. So, different control strategies are introduced in local as well as international level to deal with this dreadful issue. Desert locusts were observed in 55 districts of Nepal causing minimal crop damage compared to the past crop losses in Nepal in 2020. However, for the efficient way of mitigation of desert locust, farmers in developing nation like Nepal have to heavily rely on fast-acting chemicals that deliver rapid results but fail to maintain environmental integrity. A technical taskforce was formed in 26 th May 2020, a month before the entry of desert locust in Nepal from India to prevent the possible crop loss. The government of Lumbini Province, Nepal had declared to buy locusts at Rs. 20 per kg so as to encourage the people for their collection. Approaches based on IPM (Integrated Pest Management) that emphasize on effective incorporation of chemical and biological insecticides with prediction and monitoring technologies have been prompted against desert locust. Recent experimental studies and researches are prioritizing on discovering potential solutions through financial coordination from governmental and non-governmental bodies. After reviewing articles from various journals, magazines and proceedings, the authors have highlighted the loss in the agricultural sector due to desert locust attack along with its advanced control and management options. The control and mitigation strategies mentioned in this article would be a useful resource for farmers as well as researchers on assessing this problem. • An overview on outbreak and recession of the desert locust in Nepal are described clearly. • Food losses in different parts of the world are shown. • The effective and possible management strategies of desert locust for Nepal are explained.

A qualitative study on factors associated with intimate partner violence in Colombia.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a human rights violation and a serious global public health problem. This study investigated factors associated with IPV in female survivors in Colombia. Four focus group discussions with female survivors of IPV and 15 key informant interviews with professionals from psychological, social and legal services and community leaders were conducted in Cali and Tuluá. Participant recruitment was via purposive sampling. Transcripts were analysed manually taking a social constructivist standpoint and a content analysis approach. Factors associated with IPV were divided into four themes: cultural beliefs, jealousy, alcohol abuse, and personal history of IPV. The first theme was divided into: patriarchy, gender roles, normalisation of violence, and unawareness of rights, economic dependence, and 'men own women'. The sub-themes were all inter-related and underpinned by patriarchal values. IPV was described as a sociocultural construction formed by patriarchal values ingrained in community and societal norms and individual processes. Therefore, academia, governmental and non-governmental bodies and society are urged to together, create preventative, context specific strategies for individuals, communities and societies.