non-GA Group Research Articles

Outcomes of different anesthesia techniques in nonagenarians treated with mechanical thrombectomy for anterior circulation large vessel occlusion: An inverse probability weighting analysis.

There is a lack of evidence for the optimal type of anesthesia technique in patients ⩾ 90 years with acute ischemic stroke undergoing mechanical thrombectomy (MT) as this subgroup of patients was often excluded or under-represented in previous trials. We aimed to compare outcomes between general anesthesia (GA) and non-GA techniques in patients ⩾ 90 years with large vessel occlusion (LVO) undergoing MT. Our study included patients ⩾ 90 years with anterior circulation LVO, NIHSS ⩾ 6, ASPECTS ⩾ 5 consecutively treated with MT within 6 h after stroke onset in three thrombectomy capable centers between January 1st, 2016 and March 30th, 2023. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) was used to reduce bias by indication of the anesthesia type on study outcomes. We used a weighted ordinal robust logistic regression analysis to explore the primary outcome of modified Rankin Scale (mRS) shift at 90 days in GA versus non-GA treated patients. Secondary outcomes included 90-day mortality, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and TICI score of 2b, 2c, or 3. We included 139 patients ⩾ 90 years treated with MT, 62 were in GA group and 77 in non-GA group. There was a significant shift for worse mRS scores at 90-day in non-GA treated patients (cOR 3.65, 95% CI 1.77-7.77, p = 0.001). The weighted logistic regression showed that non-GA technique was an independent predictor of 90-day mortality (OR 7.49, 95% CI 2.00-28.09; p = 0.003). Our study indicated that nonagenarians with acute ischemic stroke treated with MT without GA have a worse prognosis than their counterparts undergoing MT with GA. Further studies in larger cohorts are warranted to evaluate the optimal type of anesthesia in this patient population.

Anaesthesia modality on endovascular therapy outcomes in patients with large infarcts: a post hoc analysis of the ANGEL-ASPECT trial

ObjectivesEndovascular therapy (EVT) now penetrates the once obscure realm of large infarct core volume acute ischaemic stroke (LICV-AIS). This research aimed to investigate the potential correlation between different anaesthetic approaches...

Pulsed-field ablation using a lattice-tip catheter without general anesthesia is feasible for atrial fibrillation ablation

Abstract Background General anesthesia (GA) was employed to titrate lesion formations for a pulsed-field ablation (PFA) using a lattice-tip catheter. The evidence using a lattice-tip catheter without the use of GA is limited. Purpose We conducted a series of exploratory evaluation of a lattice-tip PFA catheter ablation without GA. Methods Patients undergoing their first atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation procedures using a lattice-tip catheter were enrolled in the study. To assess acute outcomes and safety, the patients were divided into two groups: one undergoing the procedure with GA and the other without GA. Procedural characteristics were collected. Results In total, 20 patients (6 with GA, 14 without GA) were enrolled in the current study. One patient in non-GA group needed a larynx mask due to apnea from anesthesia. The pre-ablation 3D mapping time was equivalent between the two group (with GA versus without GA: 17±7 versus 16±5; P=0.762). All first-pass isolations of the pulmonary veins (PV) were successfully achieved, and there was no difference in the number of applications between the right and left PV (with GA versus without GA: 45±8 versus 53±12; P=0.206 and 47±14 versus 49±9; P=0.792). Linear lesions including anterior linear ablation (33% with GA and 36% without GA: P=1.000), roof linear ablation (67% with GA and 71% without GA: P=1.000) and cavo-tricuspid isthmus ablation (0% with GA and 7% without GA: P=1.000) were performed. The ablation, laboratory stay and fluoroscopy times were equivalent between the two group (with GA versus without GA:88±22 versus 97±20; P=0.483, 128±25 versus 111±18; P=0.216 and 9±4 versus 10±2; P=0.902), while the pre-ablation preparation times were shorter in the group without GA (with GA versus without GA:40±17 versus 14±4; P<0.01). There was no major and minor procedural complication in both groups. Conclusions The use of a lattice-tip catheter for ablation without GA has a potential to shorten the whole procedural work-flow including preparing time while maintaining comparable safety and lesion formation to cases where GA is utilized.

Diagnostic values of different musculoskeletal ultrasound signs, serum uric acid, and their combined detection for gouty arthritis.

The study aimed to investigate the diagnostic values of different musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) signs, serum uric acid (SUA), and their combined detection for gouty arthritis (GA). In this retrospective study, 70 patients (62 males, 8 females; mean age: 46.1±14.1 years; range, 25 to 86 years) diagnosed with GA (the GA group) between August 2022 and March 2023 and 70 patients (54 females, 16 males; mean age: 49.0±14.1 years; range, 21 to 75 years) diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis during the same period (the non-GA group) were included. The positive rate of MSUS signs and SUA in both groups was recorded to compare the differences. The correlations of MSUS signs and SUA with GA were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation analysis. The diagnostic values of different MSUS signs, SUA, and their combined detection for GA were analyzed using a receiver operating characteristic, the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and the Youden index. The positive rate of the double contour (DC) sign (chi-squared [χ2 ]=102.935, p<0.001), hyperechoic spots (χ2=56.395, p<0.001), bone erosions (χ2 =10.080, p<0.001), and SUA (χ2 =41.117, p <0.001) were higher in the GA group than in the non-GA group. The positive rate of the DC sign (rs=0.829, p=0.001), hyperechoic spots (rs=0.631, p<0.001), bone erosion (rs=0.268, p=0.001), and SUA (rs=0.542, p<0.001) were positively correlated with GA. Among the single-indicator measures, the DC sign exhibited the highest diagnostic value (AUC=0.907, sensitivity=81.4%, specificity=100%, p<0.001). Among the combined-indicator measures, the DC sign combined with SUA exhibited the highest diagnostic value (AUC=0.929, sensitivity=91.4%, specificity=94.3%, p<0.001), higher than DC sign detection alone. The DC sign combined with SUA yielded a high diagnostic value and can thus provide a reliable basis for effectively and efficiently diagnosing GA.

General Versus Nongeneral Anesthesia for Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization for Chronic Subdural Hematomas: Multicenter Propensity Score Matched Study.

The choice of anesthesia type (general anesthesia [GA] vs nongeneral anesthesia [non-GA]) in middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) procedures for chronic subdural hematomas (cSDH) differs between institutions and left to care team discretion given lack of standard guidelines. We compare the outcomes of GA vs non-GA in MMAE. Consecutive patients receiving MMAE for cSDH at 14 North American centers (2018-2023) were included. Clinical, cSDH characteristics, and technical/clinical outcomes were compared between the GA/non-GA groups. Using propensity score matching (PSM), patients were matched controlling for age, baseline modified Rankin Scale, concurrent/prior surgery, hematoma thickness/midline shift, and baseline antiplatelet/anticoagulation. The primary end points included surgical rescue and radiographic success rates (≥50% reduction in maximum hematoma thickness with minimum 2 weeks of imaging). Secondary end points included technical feasibility, procedural complications, and functional outcomes. Seven hundred seventy-eight patients (median age 73 years, 73.2% male patients) underwent 956 MMAE procedures, 667 (70.4%) were non-GA and 280 were GA (29.6%). After running 1:3 PSM algorithm, this resulted in 153 and 296 in the GA and non-GA groups, respectively. There were no baseline/procedural differences between the groups except radial access more significantly used in the non-GA group (P = .001). There was no difference between the groups in procedural technical feasibility, complications rate, length of stay, surgical rescue rates, or favorable functional outcome at the last follow-up. Subsequent 1:1 sensitivity PSM retained the same results. Bilateral MMAE procedures were more performed under non-GA group (75.8% vs 67.2%; P = .01); no differences were noted in clinical/radiographic outcomes between bilateral vs unilateral MMAE, except for longer procedure duration in the bilateral group (median 73 minutes [IQR 48.3-100] vs 54 minutes [39-75]; P < .0001). Another PSM analysis comparing GA vs non-GA in patients undergoing stand-alone MMAE retained similar associations. We found no significant differences in radiological improvement/clinical outcomes between GA and non-GA for MMAE.

General Versus Nongeneral Anesthesia for Carotid Endarterectomy: A Prospective Multicenter Registry-Based Study on 25 000 Patients.

Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a well-established treatment option for carotid stenosis. The choice between general anesthesia (GA) and nongeneral anesthesia (non-GA) during CEA remains a subject of debate, with concerns regarding perioperative complications, particularly myocardial infarctions. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes associated with GA vs non-GA CEA using a large, nationwide database. The National Surgical Quality Improvement Project database was queried for patients undergoing CEA between 2013 and 2020. Primary outcome measures including surgical outcomes and 30-day postoperative complications were compared between the 2 anesthesia methods, after 2:1 propensity score matching. After propensity score matching, a total of 25 356 patients (16 904 in the GA and 8452 in the non-GA group) were included. Non-GA compared with GA CEA was associated with significantly shorter operative times (101.9, 95% CI: 100.5-103.3 vs 115.8 95% CI: 114.4-117.2 minutes, P < .001), reduced length of hospital stays (2.3, 95% CI: 2.15-2.4 vs 2.5, 95% CI: 2.4-2.6 days, P < .001), and lower rates of 30-day postoperative complications, including myocardial infarctions (0.8% vs 1.2%, P = .003), unplanned intubations (0.8% vs 1.1%, P = .016), pneumonia (0.5% vs 1%, P < .001), and urinary tract infections (0.4% vs 0.7%, P = .003). These outcomes were notably more pronounced in the younger (≤70 years) and high morbidity (American Society of Anesthesiologists 3-5) cohorts. In this nationwide registry-based study, non-GA CEA was associated with better short-term outcomes in terms of perioperative complications, compared with GA CEA. The findings suggest that non-GA CEA may be a safer alternative, especially in younger patients and those with more comorbidities.

Abstract WMP95: Anesthesia Modality in Endovascular Treatment for Distal Medium Vessel Occlusion Stroke: Intention-to-Treat Matched Analysis

Background: The optimal anesthesia modality during endovascular treatment (EVT) for distal medium vessel occlusion (DMVO) strokes is uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the anesthesia modality on procedural and clinical outcomes following EVT for DMVO strokes. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database from 14 comprehensive stroke centers in the United States and Europe. Patients were included if they had DMVO due to MCA-M3/4, ACA-A1/A2-3, or PCA-P1/P2-3 and underwent EVT. The cohort was divided into two groups: general anesthesia (GA) and non-general anesthesia (non-GA). The primary analysis compared the two groups based on the intention-to-treat principle. The secondary analysis compared both groups according to the as-treated approach. We used propensity scores to balance the two groups at a 1:1 ratio. The primary outcome was the shift in the degree of disability as measured by the 90-day mRS. Secondary outcomes included successful reperfusion, mRS0-1, and mRS0-2 at 90-days. Safety measures included procedural complications, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), and 90-day mortality. Results: A total of 365 patients were eligible for analysis. In the intention-to-treat analysis (130 matched pairs), baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were balanced. There was no difference in the degree of disability (mRS ordinal shift; acOR 1.64, 95%-CI [0.78-3.46], P=0.19) between the two groups. GA had comparable rates of successful reperfusion (aOR2.66, 95%CI [0.75-9.42],P=0.13), 90-day mRS0-1 (aOR1.07, 95%CI[0.41-2.78],P=0.89), 90-day mRS0-2 (aOR1.46, 95%CI[0.60-3.55],P=0.41), procedural complications (aOR1.08, 95%CI[0.20-5.79],P=0.93), sICH (aOR3.28, 95%CI[0.81-13.34], P=0.10), and 90-day mortality (aOR0.82, 95%CI [0.35-1.95],P=0.66) compared to the non-GA group. Similarly, when comparing 150 matched pairs using the as-treated principle, GA and non-GA showed comparable outcomes. Conclusions: In patients with DMVO undergoing EVT, GA and non-GA had similar procedural and clinical outcomes, as well as safety measures. Further, larger controlled studies are warranted.

Anesthetic Management and Outcomes of Endovascular Treatment of Basilar Artery Occlusion: Results From the ATTENTION Registry.

To examine the clinical and safety outcomes after endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) with different anesthetic modalities. This was a retrospective analysis using data from the Endovascular Treatment for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion (ATTENTION) registry. Patients were divided into two groups defined by anesthetic modality performed during EVT: general anesthesia (GA) or non-general anesthesia (non-GA). The association between anesthetic management and clinical outcomes was evaluated in a propensity score matched (PSM) cohort and an inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) cohort to adjust for imbalances between the two groups. Our analytic sample included 1,672 patients from 48 centers. The anesthetic modality was GA in 769 (46.0%) and non-GA in 903 (54.0%) patients. In our primary analysis with the PSM-based cohort, non-GA was comparable to GA concerning the primary outcome (adjusted common odds ratio [acOR], 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82 to 1.25; P=0.91). Mortality at 90 days was 38.4% in the GA group and 35.8% in the non-GA group (adjusted risk ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.08; P=0.44). In our secondary analysis with the IPTW-based cohort, the anesthetic modality was significantly associated with the distribution of modified Rankin Scale at 90 days (acOR: 1.45 [95% CI: 1.20 to 1.75]). Conclusion In this nationally-representative observational study, acute ischemic stroke patients due to BAO undergoing EVT without GA had similar clinical and safety outcomes compared with patients treated with GA. These findings provide the basis for large-scale randomized controlled trials to test whether anesthetic management provides meaningful clinical effects for patients undergoing EVT.

Early childhood general anesthesia and risk of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

The relationship between early childhood exposure to general anesthesia (GA) and the risk of developing Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is still uncertain and previous studies have presented conflicting results. This population-based cohort study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between GA exposure and ADHD risk using propensity score matching (PSM) in a large sample size. The study included 15,072 children aged 0-3 years who received GA and were hospitalized for more than 1 day in Taiwan from 2004 to 2014. The nonexposed group was randomly selected through 1:1 PSM from the Taiwan Maternal and Child Health Database (TMCHD). The primary objectives of this study were to determine the incidence rates (IR) and incidence rate ratios (IRR) of ADHD in the two cohorts, employing Poisson regression models. The GA group and non-GA group each comprised 7,536 patients. The IR of ADHD was higher in the GA group (122.45 per 10,000 person-years) than in the non-GA group (64.15 per 10,000 person-years), and the IRR of ADHD in the GA group was 1.39 (95% CI: 1.26, 1.55). The study found that the number of times of exposure to GA, duration of exposure, male gender, and central nervous system surgery were significant risk factors for ADHD in the future. This study's findings suggest that there is a significant correlation between early childhood exposure to GA and the risk of developing ADHD, and GA may be an important risk factor for ADHD in children undergoing surgery. The study also identified several risk factors for ADHD, including the number of times of exposure to GA, duration of exposure, male gender, and central nervous system surgery.

Impact of anesthesia modalities on functional outcome of mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a subgroup analysis of DIRECT-MT trial

BackgroundThis subgroup analysis of Direct Intraarterial Thrombectomy in Order to Revascularize Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients with Large Vessel Occlusion Efficiently in Chinese Tertiary Hospitals Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial (DIRECT-MT) aimed to investigate the influence of anesthesia modalities on the outcomes of endovascular treatment.MethodsPatients were divided into two groups by receiving general anesthesia (GA) or non-general anesthesia (non-GA). The primary outcome was assessed by the between-group difference in the distribution of the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days, estimated using the adjusted common odds ratio (acOR) by multivariable ordinal regression. Differences in workflow efficiency, procedural complication, and safety outcomes were analyzed.ResultsTotally 636 patients were enrolled (207 for GA and 429 for non-GA groups). There was no significant shift in the mRS distribution at 90 days between the two groups (acOR, 1.093). The median time from randomization to reperfusion was significantly longer in GA group (116 vs. 93 min, P < 0.0001). Patients in non-GA group were associated with a significantly lower NIHSS score at early stages (24 h, 11 vs 15; 5–7 days or discharge, 6.5 vs 10). The rate of severe manipulation-related complication did not differ significantly between GA and non-GA groups (0.97% vs 3.26%; P = 0.08). There are no differences in the rate of mortality and intracranial hemorrhage.ConclusionsIn the subgroup analysis of DIRECT-MT, we found no significant difference in the functional outcome at 90 days between general anesthesia and non-general anesthesia, despite the workflow time being significantly delayed for patients with general anesthesia.Clinical trail registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT03469206.

The Effect of General Anesthesia on the Outcome of Root Canal Treatment in Pediatric Patients—A Retrospective Cohort Study

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of general anesthesia (GA) on the 1-year outcome of Root Canal Treatment (RCT) performed in pediatric patients and to compare it to the outcome of RCT in pediatric patients without GA. Patients admitted for RCT in permanent dentition in a public hospital, dated 2015 to 2020, age 8-15 with a minimum of one year follow-up period, were included in the study. The sample consisted of 326 teeth from 269 patients treated by a single operator, with a recall rate of 81%. Overall, 124 teeth were treated under GA and 142 teeth were without GA. The mean follow-up time was 31.5 months. Data underwent statistical analysis and the significance threshold was set for p < 0.05. Of the total cases, 90% showed favorable outcomes. A significantly higher favorable outcome was seen in the GA group than in the non-GA group (98% and 85%, respectively, p < 0.001). The outcome was significantly affected by the type and quality of the coronal restoration, degree of root development, and lesion size (p < 0.05). According to the current study, in uncooperative pediatric patients, a more favorable outcome of root canal treatment can be obtained under GA than LA if the procedure is carried out with immediate restoration.

General anesthesia vs. non-general anesthesia for vertebrobasilar stroke endovascular therapy.

The optimal type of anesthesia for acute vertebrobasilar artery occlusion (VBAO) remains controversial. We aimed to assess the influence of anesthetic management on the outcomes in VBAO patients received endovascular treatment (EVT). Patients underwent EVT for acute VBAO at 21 stroke centers in China were retrospectively enrolled and compared between the general anesthesia (GA) group and non-GA group. The primary outcome was the favorable outcome, defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0-3 at 90 days. Secondary outcomes included functional independence (90-day mRS score 0-2), and the rate of successful reperfusion. The safety outcomes included all-cause mortality at 90 days, the occurrence of any procedural complication, and the rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). In addition, we performed analyses of the outcomes in subgroups that were defined by Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (≤8 or >8). In the propensity score matched cohort, there were no difference in the primary outcome, secondary outcomes and safety outcomes between the two groups. Among patients with a GCS score of 8 or less, the proportion of successful reperfusion was significantly higher in the GA group than the non-GA group (aOR, 3.57, 95% CI 1.06-12.50, p = 0.04). In the inverse probability of treatment weighting-propensity score-adjusted cohort, similar results were found. Patients placed under GA during EVT for VBAO appear to be as effective and safe as non-GA. Furthermore, GA might yield better successful reperfusion for worse presenting GCS score (≤8). URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn/; Unique identifier: ChiCTR2000033211.

The impact of intelligent personal assistants on adolescent EFL learners’ listening comprehension

Intelligent Personal Assistant (IPA) has emerged as a valuable tool for EFL learning by offering interactive authentic contexts. Although IPA is believed to be motivational and useful, empirical evidence is limited and contradictory, especially the efficacy of listening comprehension. Therefore, the study investigated the impact of IPA on adolescent EFL learners’ listening comprehension, particularly regarding the presentation mode of IPA responses and its interaction styles. Ninety-two ninth-grade EFL learners were recruited from three intact classes and randomly divided into two experimental groups (i.e. GA-Hub group, using Google Nest Hub with multimodal responses; GA-Mini group, using Google Nest Mini with audio responses) and one control group (non-GA group, using a CD player as they did in the conventional class). Both quantitative (English listening tests) and qualitative data (questionnaires and interviews) were collected and analyzed in the 10-week study. The results showed that Google Assistant, especially via Google Nest Hub, positively promoted the participants’ listening comprehension. Detailed analyses of interviews demonstrated that Google Assistant provided interactive listening, presented multimodal screen-based responses, encouraged peer collaboration, and offered edutainment (a combination of IPA- and game-based learning), which added authenticity, flexibility, and enjoyment for meaningful interaction and thus promoted EFL listening.

Effect of General Anesthesia on Cardiac Magnetic Resonance-Derived Cardiac Function in Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot.

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR)-derived ejection fraction (EF) predicts adverse outcomes in repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) and drives timing of pulmonary valve replacement. Certain patient populations require sedation for successful CMR image acquisition. General anesthesia (GA) has been shown to depress EF and heart rate (HR) in animal models, however, its effect on congenital heart disease is unknown. A retrospective review was conducted of all CMR patients referred with rTOF between January 2011 and May 2019. The cohort was separated into GA and non-GA groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) adjusted for selection bias. A kernel matching algorithm was used to match subjects and the differences in mean treatment effect on the treated were computed for left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) EF, HR, and cardiac index (CI). 143 patients met criteria, 37 patients under GA (mean age 15years, range 2-45, 59% male), and 106 patients without GA (mean age 21years, range 10-53, 50% male). Unmatched analysis showed significant depression of LV EF (50 vs. 57%, p < 0.001) and RV EF (42 vs. 48%, p < 0.001) in the GA group compared to the non-GA group. There was no significant difference in HR or CI. After matching and PSM adjustment, the GA group had a significant decreasein LV EF (49 vs. 56%, p < 0.001), RV EF (41 vs. 48%, p < 0.001), CI (2728 vs. 3701ml/min/m2, p < 0.001), and HR (72 vs. 79bpm, p = 0.04). General anesthesia with sevoflurane results in depressed CMR-derived EF.

Burden of Illness in Geographic Atrophy: A Study of Vision-Related Quality of Life and Health Care Resource Use.

PurposeTo gain comprehensive information on the burden of illness due to geographic atrophy (GA).MethodsThis cross-sectional study with a retrospective chart review involved patients aged ≥70 years with physician-confirmed bilateral symptomatic GA due to age-related macular degeneration (GA group), as well as patients of similar age with no ophthalmic condition that in the opinion of the investigator affected visual function (non-GA group). Data relating to patients’ current disease status and sociodemographics were self-reported on patient questionnaires at study entry and extracted from patient charts. Historical data on health care resource utilization (HCRU) were also collected via patient questionnaires and retrospective chart review (GA group only). Overall vision-related functioning and quality of life (QoL) were compared between the GA and non-GA groups using the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI-VFQ-25) composite and subscales, and change in vision over the past year was assessed using the Global Rating of Change Scale.ResultsVision-related functioning and QoL were poorer in patients with vs without GA (n=137 vs 52), as demonstrated by significantly lower NEI-VFQ-25 composite score (mean, 53.1 vs 84.5 points, respectively; P<0.001), as well as lower subscale scores for near activities, distance activities, dependency, driving, social functioning, mental health, role difficulties, color vision, and peripheral vision. Substantially more patients with GA than without GA reported worsening in vision over the past year (82% vs 25%, respectively; odds ratio, 13.55; P<0.001). In the GA group, associated mean annual costs for direct ophthalmological resource use per patient amounted to €1772 (mostly for tests/procedures), and for indirect ophthalmological resource use, €410 (mostly for general practitioner visits).ConclusionPatients with GA experience a poorer level of vision-related function and QoL than their peers, especially in relation to driving. GA is also associated with notable HCRU/associated costs, mostly direct costs attributed to diagnostic tests/procedures.

The relationship between reflux symptoms and glycogenic acanthosis lesions of the oesophagus.

IntroductionGlycogenic acanthosis (GA) is a benign, polypoid lesion frequently seen in upper endoscopy with little known aetiology. Information about how it occurs and its clinical significance is lacking.AimIn this study, the relationship between GA and reflux symptoms was investigated in patients who underwent endoscopy due to reflux symptoms.Material and methodsSixty patients undergoing endoscopy for reflux symptoms and 60 controls without reflux symptoms were included in the study. Among the patients with reflux symptoms, two groups were formed: GA group 1 (n = 30) and non-GA group 2 (n = 30).ResultsThe mean age of all patients participating in the study was 44.65 ±15.54 years; in group 1 it was 52.56 ±10.90 years and in group 2 it was 39.40 ±13.87 years. The mean age of group 1 patients was statistically significantly higher than that of group 2 patients (p < 0.05). The incidence of GA was higher in group 1 than in the control group (p = 0.001). In the reflux group, group 1 and group 2 were compared in terms of oesophagitis; group 1 had a higher incidence of oesophagitis (p < 0.05). In the reflux group, in those with GA, the risk of oesophagitis was 6.6 times higher than among those without GA (OR = 6.571; 95% CI: 2.109–20.479).ConclusionsWe think that GA is associated with advanced age, reflux disease, and oesophagitis in our study.

A comparative assessment of the changes in quality of life of children with severe early-childhood caries following comprehensive oral rehabilitation treated with or without General Anesthesia

Background: The negative impact of early-childhood caries (ECC) on Oral-Health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is already known. When total oral rehabilitation is impossible with nonpharmacological management techniques, dental treatment under conscious sedation/general anesthesia (GA) is considered. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the changes in quality of life of children with severe ECC after treatment with or without GA. Materials and Methods: Study group included 22 children with severe ECC who were treated by pedodontic team of our institute with or without GA. A questionnaire consisting of 11 questions on OHRQoL were administered to the parents based on a three point Likert scale. Results: Statistical analysis using the chi-squared (χ2) test showed significant association with relation to diet with children in the non-GA group. There was also a significant association in relation to chewing with children in the non-GA group. Conclusion: Dental rehabilitation under GA should be the modality to treat children not manageable with nonpharmacologic methods. The non-GA management of children could be an effective method to provide treatment and reduce costs and anxiety to the parents.

Abstract 17224: Volatile Anesthetic Agents Increase Cerebral to Systemic Blood Flow Ratio in Children Undergoing Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Introduction: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) can reliably assess hemodynamics in children. Anesthetic agents may affect cerebral blood flow (CBF) and change the cerebral to systemic perfusion ratio. Hypothesis: Volatile anesthetic agents cause significant cerebral vasodilation resulting in descending aorta (DAo) flow reversal. Methods: Blood flow was measured in patients who underwent cine phase contract velocity mapping during CMR (1.5T, Philips Ingenia, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) with or without general anesthesia (GA) at our institution. Patients with a known cause for flow reversal in DAo (e.g. aortic insufficiency, aorto-pulmonary shunt/collaterals) or brain pathology were excluded. Flows in superior vena cava (SVC, surrogate for CBF), ascending aorta (AAo, measure of cardiac output), and DAo (measure of lower body perfusion) were analyzed. Measures of central tendency, standard deviation, correlation coefficient and Student’s t-test were calculated. Variables including anesthetic agents, body surface area (BSA), mechanical ventilator parameters and vital signs were assessed. Results: A total of 93 CMR scans were performed with GA (n=43, age 3 m to 15 y, BSA 0.29-2.4 m 2 ) or without GA (n=50, 2 w to 21 y, BSA 0.2-2.89 m 2 ). There was significant flow reversal in DAo (mean 7.62% +/- SD 7%) in GA group using volatile agents compared to non-GA patients (1.16% +/- 1.78%; p-value &lt;0.001). SVC flow was higher in GA (1.66+/-1.02 ml/min/m 2 ) than non-GA patients (1.28+/-0.53 ml/min/m 2 ) but did not reach statistical significance (p=0.06). GA group had significantly higher SVC (cerebral blood) to AAo flow (cardiac output) ratio (0.53 +/- 0.13) than non-GA group (0.44 +/- 0.17; p=0.003), probably from increased CBF from cerebral vasodilation by volatile anesthetic agents. Patients with BSA &gt;1.2 m 2 and GA (0.84 +/- 0.27) had a tendency to have higher SVC/DAo flow ratio compared to non-GA (0.69 +/- 0.3; p = 0.06) patients. There was a positive correlation between the end tidal CO 2 and SVC flow (r 0.486, R 2 0.236). Conclusions: The flow rates of SVC, AAo and DAo using CMR must be interpreted with caution in children, taking into account the effects of GA on the cerebral and lower body perfusion. This difference may be relevant in patients with congenital heart disease, especially with cavo-pulmonary and Fontan circulation.

Anesthesia-Related Outcomes for Endovascular Stroke Revascularization: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

There is currently controversy on the ideal anesthesia strategy during mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing clinical and angiographic outcomes of patients undergoing general anesthesia (GA group) and those receiving either local anesthesia or conscious sedation (non-GA group). A literature search on anesthesia and endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke was performed. Using random-effects meta-analysis, we evaluated the following outcomes: recanalization rate, good functional outcome at 90 days (modified Rankin Score≤2), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, death, vascular complications, respiratory complications, procedure time, and time to groin puncture. Twenty-two studies (3 randomized controlled trials and 19 observational studies), including 4716 patients (1819 GA and 2897 non-GA) were included. In the nonadjusted analysis, patients in the GA group had higher odds of death (odds ratio [OR], 2.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.66-2.45) and respiratory complications (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.22-2.37) and lower odds of good functional outcome (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.48-0.64) compared with the non-GA group. There was no difference in procedure time between the 2 primary comparison groups. When adjusting for baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, GA was still associated with lower odds of good functional outcome (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.29-0.94). When considering studies performed in the stent-retriever/aspiration era, there was no significant difference in good neurological outcome rates (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.67-1.06). Acute ischemic stroke patients undergoing intra-arterial therapy may have worse outcomes when treated with GA as compared with conscious sedation/local anesthesia. However, major limitations of current evidence (ie, retrospective studies and selection bias) indicate a need for adequately powered, multicenter randomized controlled trials to answer this question.

Value of Shear Wave Elastography in the Diagnosis of Gouty and Non-Gouty Arthritis

Our aim was to analyze the diagnostic performance of shear wave elastography (SWE) in the diagnosis of gouty arthritis (GA) and non-gouty arthritis (non-GA). Thirty-nine patients in the GA group and 55 patients in the non-GA group were included in the study. Based on the echo intensity of the joint lesions, the GA group was subdivided into hypo-echoic GA, slightly hyper-echoic GA and hyper-echoic GA subgroups. Quantitative SWE features were evaluated and receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed. On the basis of the study, the elastic modulus (Emax), mean elastic modulus (Emean), minimum elastic modulus (Emin) and elastic modulus standard deviation (ESD) were significantly higher in the GA group than in the non-GA group and were highest in the hyper-echoic GA subgroup (p < 0.01 for all). Emin, Emean and Emax were significantly higher in the hyper-echoic GA subgroup than in the hypo-echoic GA subgroup and non-GA group (p < 0.001 for all), and ESD was significantly higher in the hyper-echoic GA subgroup than in the non-GA group (p = 0.001). Emin, Emean, Emax and ESD were higher in the hypo-echoic GA subgroup than in the non-GA group, and the differences were significant (p < 0.001 for all). Based on the hypo-echoic GA subgroup and non-GA group, areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the prediction of GA were 0.749 for Emin, 0.877 for Emean, 0.896 for Emax and 0.886 for ESD, with optimal cutoff values of 29.40 kPa for Emin, 45.35 kPa for Emean, 67.54 kPa for Emax and 7.85 kPa for ESD. Our results indicate that SWE can differentially diagnose GA and non-GA, especially when the ultrasound manifestations are not typical.