Verb Phrase Research Articles

An Analysis of Idiomatic Expressions found in The Lightning Thief Song Lyrics

The title of this study is An Analysis of Idiomatic Expressions Found In “The Lightning Thief (Original Cast Recording)” Song Lyrics. The objective of this study is to analyze the existence of idioms inside of an existing work of literature in the form of songs as part of a musical play and what does the idiom classified as, specifically what set them apart from each other and what pattern made them classified as one type through their semantic side. This study also includes an analysis of idiomatic expressions in the form of idiom references as it is considered part of the character’s personal touch as part of a story. Through a qualitative research method, the writer gathers and analyzes each idiom that exists based on listed idioms of the fourth edition of Oxford Dictionary of Idioms by John Ayto to separate them into 3 idiom classifications made by Cacciari & Glucksberg in 1991 to those are Compositional Opaque, Compositional Transparent, and Quasi Metaphorical. Each type is sometimes difficult to classify, possibly due to the existence of either phrasal verbs or individual words that have multiple meanings.

Experimental Methodologies. A Corpus-Based Approach

On the basis of data, we analyse two different pairs of syntactic patterns, the so called dative alternation and particle placement of transitive phrasal verbs. Although it has sometimes been argued that only experimental data can contribute to studies of priming, the analysis shows that (a) the corpus-based results for datives are very similar to the experimental ones; (b) priming is also obtained for the verb particle construction, a construction hitherto not explored in the priming literature and (c), most importantly, in line with much previous psycholinguistic and corpus linguistic work, priming effects turn out to be strongly verb-specific such that some verbs are much more resistant or responsive to priming than others. As a variety of studies has shown, speakers tend to repeat syntactic structures they have just encountered (produced or comprehended) before.

O pantałyku raz jeszcze

To some extend this paper should be regarded as a polemic with two papers devoted to the lexem pantałyk and the phrasal verb zbić z pantałyku, recently published in “Slavia Orientalis”: Е. Николаева, С. Николаев, О сложности взаимовлияния близкородственных языков (на примере выражения сбить с панталыку), “Slavia Orientalis” 2019, no. 4, pp. 741-750; Л. Даниленко, Український пантелик та його рецепція у слов’янських мовах (до походження фразеологізму збити з пантелику), “Slavia Orientalis” 2020, no. 2, pp. 319-334. The article consists of two parts. The first presents the views revealed in the above mentioned texts. The author generally agrees with them, attempting to introduce some supplementary information and corrections concerning the chronology of the word and phrase in Ukrainian, Polish, Russian and Belorusian. In the second part, of an etymological character, both proposals have been subjected to criticism. A new approach to the issue of the origin of the lexeme and phrasal verb both has been presented. The author’s approach is restricted to the Greek etymology: special attention is paid to the original meaning of the above-mentioned lexeme and phrasal verb. Taking into account the broader context of “zbić z pantałyku” referred to in Ivan Kotlyarevsky’s poem we can come to the conclusion that in meaning the point is “to dispel somebody’s sense, reason” and such being the case – “to deprive of self-confidence, courage, cunning, craftiness, the ability to overcome any difficulties, to cause somebody confusion and disorientation, to reduce somebody to madness”.

İLHAM ƏLİYEVİN NİTQİNDƏ FRAZEOLOJİ FEİLLƏR

Phraseological Verbs in Ilham Aliyev's Speech Summary In this article, studying the speech of President Ilham Aliyev from the point of view of Azerbaijani linguistics, 9 phrasal verbs are examined and their processing functions are indicated. "Pay attention, give instructions, show an effort, keep word, give start, show caution, sit down" in the article are motivational verbs, "go to a new level" is political, and "have eyes closed" is a negative phraseological verb. The scientist who wrote the article presents one of the listed verbs as native (Azerbaijani), as brother (Turkish), as international (English), as post-soviet functional (Russian). Key words: Ilham Aliyev, Azerbaijan, speech, linguistic, phraseological verb, motivational, politically oriented

Agent in Kurdish language (Bahdini subdialect)

The agent in the Kurdish language, especially in modern grammar, is known as a semantic role, limiting its function to the sentence level. To contradict this view, an attempt has been made in this study to explain the agent at both morphological and syntactic levels. At the morphological level, some derivational bound morphemes play a major role in forming some nouns that carry within themselves the concept of the agent known as agent nouns. Also at the sentence level, in addition to the semantic features of the noun phrase that identify and distinguish the agent role from other roles, it is expected that the verb phrase can contribute greatly in the identification and recognition of the agent. For this purpose, Larson's theory (1988) has been employed to deconstruct the VP-shell into the main verb phrase VP and the light verb phrase (carrier of the concept of agent in the VP). The sentences are analyzed according to Chomsky's minimalist program principles. Research data is collected from the everyday speech of Bahdini dialect speakers. Results show that Larson's theory of deconstructing the VP could be considered the best and only way to analyze the agent in the Bahdini sentence; and the morpheme (ان), in addition to its agentive and causative functions, can also function as a light verb.

Enhancing Students’ Mastery On Phrasal Verbs By Applying Make A Match Technique

This is Classroom Action Research (henceforth, CAR) which was mainly carried out to prove that the implementation of Make A Match technique could enhance students’ mastery on phrasal verbs and to describe the students’ responses towards the implementation of Make A Match technique in learning processes of phrasal verbs. This CAR was carried out in two cycles in which each cycle consisted of four phases. The research subjects of this CAR are the fourth semester students of the English Language Education Study Program in the Academic Year of 2022/2023 at a private university in Medan consisting of 14 students. The analysis of quantitative data shows that the students’ total score and mean increased continually from the pre-test, formative test, and post-test. The students’ total score in the pre-test is 270 and the mean of the pre-test is 19.3; the students’ total score in the formative test is 792 and the mean of the formative test is 56.6; the students’ total score in the post-test is 1.072 and the mean of the post-test is 76.6. The analysis of qualitative data shows that the learning processes of phrasal verbs through the application of Make A Match technique ran very well. The class atmosphere was more alive and enjoyable after Make A Match technique was implemented so that the students were more active and motivated to learn and master phrasal verbs. It is advisable that English teachers or English lecturers apply Make A Match technique to teach phrasal verbs to their students.

Syntax, Technology and Politics: Analyzing Political Facebook Posts

This study used Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) theory to analyze syntactic complexity in digital communication. Thirty Facebook posts made between August and December 2023 by John Dramani Mahama, a Ghanaian former president, were analyzed in this study. A textual analysis was conducted on the data. The findings affirmed that grammatical categories are functional. There was a deliberate linguistic strategy marked by a prevalence of declarative sentences and a notable dominance of complex structures in this genre of digital writing. The strategic use of non-finite clauses contributes to the complexity of the discourse. The genre of writing is also characterized by information ranking and integration. The linguistic choices align with the formal expectations of political and digital communication – precision, depth, and engagement. These observations challenge and enrich existing theories of political discourse and communication strategies in the digital era. Keywords: Syntactic Complexity, Digital Communication, Facebook, Sentence Types, SFL

Learning Phrasal Verbs Through Cognitive Linguistics-Approaches: A Case Study of Kurdish EFL University Students

This study aims to examine the effects of cognitive linguistic approaches on learning English idiomatic phrasal verbs among Kurdish EFL university students. The participants of this study were 62 sophomores in the English Department, at Soran University. They were enrolled in the course ‘Communication Skills’, the first semester of the academic year 2022-2023, and they were put into two distinct groups the control and the experiment groups, with 31 students in each group. Students in both groups received instruction from the same lecturer for thirteen weeks. The control and experiment groups were given instructional treatments based on traditional methods and cognitive linguistic approaches, respectively. A semi-structured interview and pre-and post-tests were used as the instruments of the study for data collection. The descriptive statistics of SPSS analysis, by paired samples t-tests, indicated that students in the experiment group outperformed those in the control group. Concerning (p < 0.05), the difference between both groups was statistically significant in favour of the experiment group (t = 2.186, p = .037). Besides, the difference between both groups related to exposed items was not statistically significant (t = 1.153, p = .258). Additionally, the difference between both groups related to unexposed items was statistically significant in favour of the experiment group (t = 2.934, p = .006). The interviewees’ statements supported the statistical data, and they considered cognitive-based lesson plans helpful and joyful.

The Role of Image Schemas in Interpreting English Phrasal Verbs: A Philosophical and Linguistic Perspective

Phrasal verbs pose challenges for interpretation due to unpredictable meanings. This study examined how image schemas aid comprehension from linguistic and philosophical viewpoints. A literature review methodology integrated insights from cognitive linguistics, philosophy of language, and related fields to provide a comprehensive understanding. Linguistically, image schemas offer a cognitive framework for processing phrasal verbs by mapping meanings to embodied experiences. Philosophically, schemas reflect how language emerges from and shapes conceptualization. Comparative analysis showed linguistics emphasizes schemas' mental role in comprehension, while philosophy explores their existential significance. Results identified schemas like CONTAINER and PATH that extend metaphorically from physical interactions to abstract phrasal verb meanings. Linguistically, schemas provide a framework for analyzing structures and meanings. Philosophically, schemas reflect language's emergence from embodiment and influence on thought. Teaching implications were to connect phrasal verbs to familiar embodied experiences through schemas. Theoretical implications were that schemas are fundamental to thought and linguistic expressions. By synthesizing perspectives, this study enhanced understanding of the intricate cognitive mechanisms linking schemas to phrasal verbs. It highlighted implications for language education and advances in interdisciplinary inquiry into embodied cognition and communication.

Coding all clauses in L2 data: A call for consistency

Linguistic complexity is considered a hallmark of language proficiency (Norris & Ortega, 2009), and it is often a focus of second language (L2) research (Pallotti, 2015). Within the construct of complexity, syntactic complexity considers the combination of words and clauses. The term clause, however, is underspecified in the field, and L2 researchers only occasionally define how clause is operationalized in the coding. After a review of the importance of consistent clause coding, this commentary argues that coordinated verb phrases, nonfinite clauses, and verbal small clauses can reach the complexity of finite clauses by the production of another element, making these constructions commensurate with subordinate finite clauses. Since these constructions are structurally similar to accepted clauses (e.g., imperatives), their exclusion from the clausal complexity calculation threatens the validity and reliability of the coding. Because a narrow definition requires an arbitrary division along a continuum of complex verbal constructions, the field should adopt this broader definition of clause. Further, researchers should clarify their methodology choices and acknowledge coding challenges, which are common in L2 data, especially L2 speech data. The increased transparency in research methodology supports the interpretation of research results and facilitates comparisons across L2 studies.

Contrastive Causative Construction in Japanese and Indonesian: X-Bar Theory

This study aims to describe causative contractions in Japanese and Indonesian; how causative sentence structures in the form of diagrams through X-Bar theory, their meanings in Japanese and Indonesian, as well as their similarities and differences in both languages. The study used contrastive analysis to compare the causal sentence contraction of both languages. Research results show that the causal sentence construction of both languages is derived from non-causative sentences by converting predicates into causative verbs. However, there are several verbs in both Indonesian and Japanese, which already have a causative meaning, such as korosu (killing), akeru (opening), mawasu (spinning), and others. The causative construction of the Indonesian language is composed of three types: lexical causative, morphological causative, and paraphrastically causative. Japanese causative construction is only in lexical causative, and paraphrastically causative. The causative Japanese sentences are marked by the pronunciation of o-saseru and ni-saseru in intransitive verbs and transitive verbs at the end of the sentence. Also, ni and o-saseru appear in the same sentence as transitive verbs. Causative sentences of Indonesian can be formed by affixing ikan, -i, per-. The basic structure of Indonesian causative sentences is formed from inflections, spacer and verb phrases. The initial structure, predominantly FI over FV then, moved to the [Ses FP] position in its derivative structure.

LA TRADUZIONE COME CATALIZZATORE DI CHIAREZZA NEI TESTI NORMATIVI A PARTIRE DA UN’ANALISI COMPARATIVA DELLA SINTASSI IN VARIETÀ DI ITALIANO LEGISLATIVO

Translation is often considered as an ally of plain legal language. This corpus-based study sets out to provide empirical support for this hypothesis by comparing different varieties of legislative Italian used in a monolingual context (Italy) and in two multilingual settings (Switzerland and the European Union). The investigation relies primarily on a quantitative analysis of syntax informed by natural language processing (NLP) methods. The results suggest that translated legislation features shorter sentences, fewer nominalizations, an underuse of the passive voice, fewer non-finite clauses, less deep syntactic trees, shorter dependency links, and a preference for the SVO order with an explicit subject. Among the two multilingual contexts, Swiss legislation shows a slightly higher level of accessibility compared to EU directives. A complementary analysis using readability metrics confirms these trends. Nevertheless, in addition to the translation process in multilingual contexts, other latent external variables may have a (hardly quantifiable) impact on the level of accessibility, such as institutional language policies, legal traditions, drafting guidelines, and training programs for translators and language experts.

On the development of tense-aspect markers in Lingala youth language: a microvariationist look at language change in the verb phrase

Abstract This paper examines language change in two Lingala youth languages from the DR Congo, Lingala ya Bayankee (sometimes referred to as Yanké) and Langila, focusing on processes of grammaticalization and replication. Speakers of Lingala ya Bayankee use a grammaticalized prefix ké- for the near/immediate future tense, derived from the verb kokende ‘to go’ and from a manipulated form of the same verb, namely the prefix dyé- from kodyé (with the same meaning). The emergence and development of this tense marker is traced and compared with the strategies used by Langila speakers. Moreover, the microvariationist lens through which changes in the tense-aspect system of Lingala’s youth registers are examined in this paper looks at different formation patterns of progressive aspect, with two dominant construction types in Lingala ya Bayankee; these are also compared to the strategies used by Langila speakers. While linguistic manipulations have long been the focus of sociolinguistic approaches to the study of adolescent language use, fine-grained differences in tense and aspect marking have received little attention. Here, this paper aims to take a first step, based on rich empirical data collected during various research stays in the urban environment of Kinshasa (DR Congo).

Difficulties Encountered by Second Semester Students in Translating English Phrasal Verbs into Arabic

Difficulties Encountered by Second Semester Students in Translating English Phrasal Verbs into Arabic

Enabling People With Intellectual and Sensory Disabilities to Trigger a Tablet's Delivery of Task Instructions by Walking to the Tablet: Proof-of-Concept Study.

People with intellectual and sensory or sensory-motor disabilities tend to have problems performing multistep tasks. To alleviate their problems, technological solutions have been developed that provide task-step instructions. Instructions are generally delivered at people's request (eg, as they touch an area of a computer or tablet screen) or automatically, at preset intervals. This study carried out a preliminary assessment of a new tablet-based technology system that presented task-step instructions when participants with intellectual and sensory disabilities walked close to the tablet (ie, did not require participants to perform fine motor responses on the tablet screen). The system entailed a tablet and a wireless camera and was programmed to present instructions when participants approached the tablet, that is, when the camera positioned in front of the tablet detected them. Two instructions were available for each task step. One instruction concerned the object(s) that the participants were to collect, and the other instruction concerned the "where" and "how" the object(s) collected would need to be used. For 3 of the six participants, the two instructions were presented in succession, with the second instruction presented once the required object(s) had been collected. For the other 3 participants, the two instructions were presented simultaneously. Instructions consisted of pictorial representations combined with brief verbal phrases. The impact of the system was assessed for each of the 2 groups of participants using a nonconcurrent multiple baseline design across individuals. All participants were successful in using the system. Their mean frequency of correct task steps was close to or above 11.5 for tasks including 12 steps. Their level of correct performance tended to be much lower during the baseline phase when they were to receive the task-step instructions from a regular tablet through scrolling responses. The findings, which need to be interpreted with caution given the preliminary nature of the study, suggest that the new tablet-based technology system might be useful for helping people with intellectual and sensory disabilities perform multistep tasks.

Anaphora and Depictives Do Not Rule Out Small Clause Approaches to Argument Structure: A Reply to Bruening 2018

Abstract Bruening (2018) uses the facts of anaphora and depictive modification to justify non-small-clause analyses of resultative constructions, caused-motion constructions, verb-particle constructions, and double object constructions: these constructions behave differently from canonical small clause constructions in terms of anaphora and depictive modification. In this reply, we argue against treating these tests as reliable diagnostics of small clauses. For one thing, we show that small clauses may have two different kinds of interpretations: they can be either semantically complete or incomplete. For another, Bruening’s (2018) arguments rely on some particular assumptions about anaphora and depictive modification which, we argue, are not without problems. If we adopt another set of reasonable assumptions, those facts of anaphora and depictive modification can be accounted for via the two kinds of interpretations for small clauses and thus do not argue in favor of non-small-clause analyses of the relevant constructions.

Creativity in Narrative Writing: Utilizing Mind Mapping with Ethnic Identification Model in Higher Education

Arabic language learning innovations are developing with various learning media, such as mindmapping. The use of mindmapping-based media can provide learning experiences for students. This research aimed to test the effectiveness of Mind Mapping concept in narrative writing skills for ethnic groups in Indonesia. A mixed research design was used with a quantitative approach to test the effectiveness of learning writing skills using Mind Mapping and a qualitative approach to identify student creativity in developing narrative paragraphs. 35 students who studied writing skills at UIN Imam Bonjol Padang in the Arabic Language Education study program were involved. The results showed that; 1) The effectiveness of Mind Mapping in narrative writing showed an increase in the average learning outcomes for writing skills to 77.91 which showed positive significance; 2) Creativity in writing narratives about Indonesian ethnic groups was identified including the distribution of the meaning of ethnic groups, characteristics of ethnic groups and examples of traditional culture, characterized by varied writing structures with the choice of various grammatical structures such as the arrangement of verbal phrases, adjectives, prepositions, adverbial attributes and nominal phrases. This article confirmed that the use of Mind Mapping for learning writing skills can develop paragraph ideas for writing skills in higher education.

ALTERNATIVES IN TRANSLATING CERTAIN GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURES FROM ENGLISH INTO SERBIAN 2

This paper analyses several syntactic structures (English passive forms, non-fi- nite clauses, clefts) in the EFL tertiary-level students’ translations from English to Serbian and the various translation alternatives.The selection of this topic was determined by the author’s long experience in teaching grammar and translation to the tertiary-level students of English at the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Niš. This teaching experience has initiated a particular interest in the students’ linguistic performance when using certain structures that differ from the structures in their mother tongue by their form and function and register. The aforementioned structures were selected because they represent the point of contrast between the two languages since they are either used in different registers (passive), or differ in both form and function (non-finite clauses) or nonexistent in one language and used in almost all registers in the other one (clefts)

Design and Implementation of English to Yorùbá Verb Phrase Machine Translation System

The Yorùbá ethnic group has diverse language speakers across the world, and translating the language to other widely spoken languages must be emphasized. This study aims to develop an English to Yorùbá machine translation system which can translate the English verb phrase text to its Yorùbá equivalent. Words from both languages (Source Language and Target Language) were collected for the verb phrase group in the home domain. Lexical translation was done by assigning values of the matching word in the dictionary. The syntax of the two languages was realized using Context Free Grammar, the rewrite rules were validated with finite state automata. Human evaluation method was used and expert opinion scored. The evaluation shows the system performed better than that of sampled Google translation with over 70% of the responses matching that of the system’s output.

L2 learners’ aural and orthographic phrasal verb knowledge in relation to their listening comprehension

The present study investigated the relationships between aural and orthographic knowledge of L2 phrasal verbs (PVs) and between these and listening comprehension. A total of 188 Chinese university English as a foreign language (EFL) students participated in the study. The research instruments were aural and orthographic PV meaning recall tests and a version of the listening section of the Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC). The results indicated that the L2 learners’ orthographic PV knowledge was significantly correlated to their aural PV knowledge. In addition, the former was significantly larger than the latter. Regarding their relationships with L2 listening comprehension, aural PV knowledge was more strongly correlated to listening comprehension than orthographic PV knowledge; and these correlations were both significant. Further, although aural PV knowledge better predicted listening comprehension than orthographic PV knowledge, the differences between their predictive capacities were not large. Based on the findings of the study, implications are suggested.