Non-financial Resources Research Articles

MONITORING ACTIVITY IN THE RISK-ORIENTED INTERNAL AUDIT: A MODEL PROPOSAL

The purpose of this article is to make a proposal for process development for monitoring activities in a way that includes experiences gained from audits conducted in order to achieve the goal of risk-oriented internal audit function in institutions and to contribute a guiding study on the subject to the literature. In this study, first of all, the risk-oriented internal audit approach and monitoring process are explained with the document analysis method, and then a model for the monitoring process is presented and conclusions and recommendations are made. By using the document analysis method and the features of the risk-oriented internal audit approach, an original application process was compiled to test the risk and control processes for the internal audit activities required for an effectively functioning monitoring system. It is suggested that risk- oriented internal audit will be an important tool in increasing the added value for institutions with the monitoring system designed for risk- oriented internal audit activity, which examines the processes and offers suggestions for areas of development in order to ensure that all financial and non-financial resources are used effectively, economically and efficiently and to add value to the work of the organization.

Barriers and facilitators of the use of clinical informatics resources to facilitate pharmacogenomic implementation in resource-limited settings.

Understand perceived barriers to and facilitators of using clinical informatics applications for pharmacogenomic (PGx) implementation in resource-limited settings. We conducted a qualitative research study using a semi-structured interview guide informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Interview questions assessed CFIR contextual determinants related to: electronic health record (EHR) infrastructure; clinical informatics personnel and resources; EHR integration of PGx test results; PGx clinical decision support (CDS) tools; institutional resources; and partner receptivity. Transcripts were coded and analyzed to identify themes. We interviewed 24 clinical informaticists and executive leaders working in rural or underserved health care settings in Montana (n = 15) and Colorado (n = 9) and identified three major themes: (1) EHR infrastructure limitations, (2) insufficient supporting resources, and (3) unique contextual considerations for resource-limited settings. EHR infrastructure limitations included limited agency related to EHR build and interoperability concerns. Theme 1 highlighted challenges associated with integrating structured data into the EHR and inadequate vendor support. Theme 2 included limited familiarity with PGx across the care team, cost concerns, and allocation of non-financial resources. Theme 3 highlighted perceptions about the clinical utility of PGx within rural and underrepresented populations. Potential facilitators, such as being able to act nimbly, were found to coexist among the reported barriers. Our results provide insight into the clinical informatics infrastructure in resource-limited settings and identify unique considerations for clinical informatics-facilitated PGx implementation. Future efforts in these settings should consider innovative partnerships and strategies to leverage facilitators and minimize barriers associated with integrating PGx CDS applications.

Pengaruh Modal Intelektual pada Kinerja Lembaga Perkreditan Desa di Bali

Village credit institutions (LPD) have very tight competition in getting customers. LPD has main competitors in the financial business, namely public banks, people's credit banks, cooperatives, Bumdesa which operates in the savings and loans sector, moneylenders and financial technology (fintech). This research aims to analyze the influence of non-financial resources, namely intellectual capital, on LPD performance in Bali. The research population was 1433 LPD with a sample of 100 LPD. The sampling method uses a stratified proportional random sampling technique. The data analysis technique uses multiple regression analysis. The research results show that structural capital, social capital and reputation capital have a positive effect on LPD performance in Bali.

Why philanthropic foundations collaborate with city governments: an exploration of three English cities

ABSTRACT This study analyses why philanthropic foundations are motivated to engage with city governments. Case study analysis of three contrasting English cities, Bristol, Manchester, and Newcastle, shows that philanthropic foundations can be a capacity-building partner of city government, providing funding and non-financial resources. Foundations are motivated to improve public services, advocate on policy issues, and fill funding gaps left by austerity. Furthermore, this study has found that foundations do not work with city governments when their priorities are unclear, they are hard to engage, or when there is a slow pace of change. City governments are motivated to engage with foundations to access resources, help amplify the voice of city governments, and because foundations are perceived as a less bureaucratic funder. Rather than austerity prompting cities to seek foundation resourcing, this study has found that a lack of internal capacity can prevent the city government from seeking foundation involvement.

Successful Implementation of Disruptive Innovation by New Entrants: Modeling the Challenges Using Interpretive Structural Modelling

Successful implementation of disruptive innovation involves numerous challenges, especially for new entrants. This study tries to identify and analyze a set of critical challenges that might plague a new entrant to successfully implement disruptive innovation. Multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) technique of Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) was used to analyze the identified challenges, as well as to derive their interrelationship. The study was conducted in the context of the Indian manufacturing sector. The findings revealed that the lack of financial resources, lack of non-financial resources, and lack of top management support emerged as the three key challenges impeding disruptive innovation for manufacturing organizations in India. The motivation–opportunity–ability (MOA) model served as the basic theoretical underpinning for the study. The findings of the study are expected to help managers and policymakers to understand possible challenges associated with the implementation of disruptive innovation, and to develop counter strategies accordingly.

Financialisation strategy of digital transformation: towards a people-centric, sustaining network leadership framework in an Arabic energy context

PurposeThis paper's purpose centres on advancing the current financialisation strategies within digital transformation (DT) through a rebalanced synthesis of both financialisation and people/centric, non-financialisation strategies of the DT field. Based on empirical data from Bahrain's energy sector, a new framework on People-centric, Sustaining Network Leadership is developed, capturing DT's human values deficit and proposing a new model on financialisation and non-financialisation strategies showing ‘how’ and ‘why’ DT is implemented in contemporary organisations.Design/methodology/approachThis study conducted a mixed methodology of narrative interviews, case studies and reviewed significant contributions from the DT, leadership and change management debates. A total of 26 operational and high-level leaders from Bahrain, 8 top energy companies and Braun and Clarke's 6-phase analysis were combined to form four empirical thematic bundles on ‘how’ and ‘why’ leaders adopted financialisation and non-financialisation strategies to resolve organisational sustainability issues in an Arabic context.FindingsFour sets of findings (bundles 1–4) highlight participants' financial and structural understanding when implementing DT initiatives, the different leadership styles ranging from authoritarian to network leadership, the socio-economic, political and cultural ramifications of their practices and the urgency of staff reskilling for organisational resilience and strategic sustainability. Based on the eight energy cases and interviews, a new values-driven, People-centric Sustaining Network Leadership Model is developed to show a more effective and efficient use of financial and non-financial resources when organisations implement DT initiatives in efforts to resolve global energy sustainability problems.Research limitations/implicationsLeadership, change management, DT, energy and environmental sustainability is a huge area of scholarship. While new studies emerge and contribute to this growing body of knowledge, this investigation has focused on those that significantly highlight how to make effective use of financialisation and non-financialisation resources. Therefore, all the literature on the topic has not been included. Although this study has filled the non-financialisation gap in current DT studies, a further rebalancing of the financialisation versus non-financialisation debates will be needed for theoreticians, practitioners and policy makers to continue addressing emerging and more complex socio-economic, political and cultural issues within and beyond organisations. Limitations are the study's focus on the Bahrain energy sector and the limited sample of 26 leaders.Practical implicationsThe study provides practitioners and policy makers with an approach for the successful implementation of DT initiatives in the oil and gas sector. For academics, this study provides empirically unique and interesting thematic bundles, insightful analyses into leadership, organisational change, digital transformation and network leadership theories to develop an innovative and creative People-centric, Sustaining Network Leadership Approach/Model on the practical barriers, implications/impacts of various leadership styles and potential solutions via a socio-cultural values-based alternative to the current financialisation discourse of DT.Originality/valueWhile there is a growing body of literature on DT, Leadership and Organisational Transformation and Change, there is a dearth of scholarship on the human-orientated strategies of DT implementation outside of western contexts. A contemporary and comprehensive, empirically evidenced analysis of the field has led to the development of this study's People-centric, Sustaining Network Leadership model which frames, captures, synthesises and extends the dominant cost-minimisation rhetoric of DT discourse to include a shared set of leadership practices, behaviours, intentions, perceptions and values. This helped to reveal the previously missing ‘how’ and ‘why’ of DT’s operational and strategic implementation.

Mediating Role of Good Governance between Debt Management and Economic Performance

No one country of the planet is self-sufficient for financial and non-financial resources. Some have abundant of natural resources while someone have abundant of human resources and so on. Due to scarce of resources a country needs effective and efficient utilization of resources. Effective and efficient utilization of resources depends upon good governance, competent and sincere economic managers. Keeping in view of the said perception, current study examined the role of good governance in the debt management and economic performance. Current study used the World Bank data from the period of 1990 to 2020. Economic performance is measured by the per capita income (PCI) and taken as dependent variable. Whereas, debt to gross domestic product (GDP) is taken an independent variable. While good governance (GG) is taken as mediating variable and measured through The Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) project constructs aggregate indicators of six broad dimensions of governance such as voice and accountability, political stability and absence of violence/terrorism, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of Law and Control of Corruption. Econometric equation is developed to measure the direct and indirect effect of GG with respect to debt to GDP and PCI. The study results concluded that there is no relationship between debt to GDP and economic development. While interesting finding is that there is significant relationship between GG and economic performance. Study also found insignificant mediation of GG between debt to GDP and economic development.

Non-financial resources to enhance companies’ profitability: a stakeholder perspective

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the impact of stakeholders’ nonfinancial resources (NFRs) on companies’ profitability, filling a significant gap in the literature regarding the role of NFRs in value creation.Design/methodology/approachData from 76 organizations from 2017 to 2019 were collected and analyzed. Four primary NFRs and their key value drivers were identified, representing core elements that support different dimensions of a company’s performance. Statistical tests examined the relationship between stakeholders’ NFRs and financial performance measures.FindingsWhen analyzed collectively and individually, the results reveal a significant positive influence of stakeholders’ NFRs on a firm’s profitability. Higher importance assigned to NFRs correlates with a higher return on sales.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by empirically bridging the gap between stakeholder theory and the resource-based view, addressing the intersection of these perspectives. It also provides novel insights into how stakeholders’ NFRs impact profitability, offering valuable implications for research and managerial practice. It suggests that managers should integrate nonfinancial measures of NFRs within their performance measurement system to manage better and sustain companies’ value-creation process.

The impact of COVID-19 on health financing in Kenya.

Sudden shocks to health systems, such as the COVID-19 pandemic may disrupt health system functions. Health system functions may also influence the health system's ability to deliver in the face of sudden shocks such as the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined the impact of COVID-19 on the health financing function in Kenya, and how specific health financing arrangements influenced the health systems capacity to deliver services during the COVID-19 pandemic.We conducted a cross-sectional study in three purposively selected counties in Kenya using a qualitative approach. We collected data using in-depth interviews (n = 56) and relevant document reviews. We interviewed national level health financing stakeholders, county department of health managers, health facility managers and COVID-19 healthcare workers. We analysed data using a framework approach. Purchasing arrangements: COVID-19 services were partially subsidized by the national government, exposing individuals to out-of-pocket costs given the high costs of these services. The National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) adapted its enhanced scheme's benefit package targeting formal sector groups to include COVID-19 services but did not make any adaptations to its general scheme targeting the less well-off in society. This had potential equity implications. Public Finance Management (PFM) systems: Nationally, PFM processes were adaptable and partly flexible allowing shorter timelines for budget and procurement processes. At county level, PFM systems were partially flexible with some resource reallocation but maintained centralized purchasing arrangements. The flow of funds to counties and health facilities was delayed and the procurement processes were lengthy. Reproductive and child health services: Domestic and donor funds were reallocated towards the pandemic response resulting in postponement of program activities and affected family planning service delivery. Universal Health Coverage (UHC) plans: Prioritization of UHC related activities was negatively impacted due the shift of focus to the pandemic response. Contrarily the strategic investments in the health sector were found to be a beneficial approach in strengthening the health system. Strengthening health systems to improve their resilience to cope with public health emergencies requires substantial investment of financial and non-financial resources. Health financing arrangements are integral in determining the extent of adaptability, flexibility, and responsiveness of health system to COVID-19 and future pandemics.

PUBLIC POLICIES TO SUPPORT SMES’ ACCESS TO FINANCING: BETWEEN CHALLENGES OF CRISES AND THE FUNCTIONING OF MARKETS

Access to finance for small and medium-sized enterprises has been identified in many studies as the most important factor determining the survival and growth of SMEs in both developing and developed countries. Access to financing means access to working capital to finance current activity, but also investments and the acquisition of modern technologies, thus ensuring the competitiveness of SMEs, as well as the performance of the economy and society as a whole. Governments, through specialized agencies, often in cooperation with financial regulatory authorities and banking associations, develop various measures and programs aimed at better access to finance for SMEs. Of course, the motivations, scope and success of these initiatives are influenced by the level of development and sophistication of the financial banking sector, by its orientation and composition, by the way in which the various objectives and needs of small and medium businesses are understood. The implementation and prioritization of these programs and schemes are dramatically influenced by the availability of financial and non-financial resources, organizational skills and, finally, the sincerity and stability of dedicated public policies. This paper aims to analyze the impact of financial support policies for SMEs, the effects of crises (economic, financial, pandemic) on these policies, but also the evolution of interest in this type of support at the level of European companies. We found that government financial assistance helps SMEs to improve their financial performance and thus be able to access, in the future, various forms of financing, but also that there are significant differences, by activity sectors, types of companies and, respectively, countries, in regarding the importance and impact of public support to the business sector.

Factors Influencing Youth Participation in Leadership in Secondary Schools in Iringa Municipality, Tanzania

Youth participation in leadership activities is a continuous discussion to emphasize in our Tanzanian community. There are limited research findings on factors contributing to youth participation in leadership in secondary schools. This results in a lack of confidence, communication skills, leadership skills, team working, and social participation among the students. Therefore, the study examined the factors influencing youth participation in leadership in secondary schools in Iringa Municipality. The study researcher adopted an explanatory research design to conduct the study. The covered a sample of 300 respondents drawn from a target population of 1400 students of secondary schools in Iringa Municipality. Data analysis was done by use of descriptive and inferential statistics; frequencies, percentages, correlation, and multiple regression. The study revealed that; social influence, social media, and civic education have a positive but weak relationship with youth participation in leadership in secondary schools in Iringa Municipality. This is because the correlation coefficients (r) on the relationship between social influence, social media and civic education with youth leadership participation were 0.159, 0.139, and 0.099 respectively which shows positive significance but weak. This is because in estimating the required relationship the results yielded p values greater than 0.05 which justify insignificant contributions. The practical implication is that these constructs should be improved in their application in order to provide a significant contribution to youth leadership in Iringa Municipality. Based on these results, the researcher recommends advanced policies and division of resources to address youth marginalization in the distribution of opportunities for leadership participation. The resources to be addressed should cover both financial and non-financial resources. The study also recommends that schools should encourage leadership skills, mentoring, and trainings across all activities and programming to advance youth’s self-confidence, agency, and voice to advocate for their issues and engage in civic discussions.

Adopting an electronic medication administration system in long-term care facilities: a key stakeholder interview study in Macao

ABSTRACT To improve medication safety for residents in long-term care facilities (LTCFs), electronic medication administration records (eMARs) are widely adopted in Macao. This study aimed to (1) develop a logic model for adopting eMAR in LTCFs and (2) explore the contextual factors relevant to the implementation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders (managers, doctors, nurses, pharmacy staff and other frontline workers) experienced with eMAR in LTCFs in Macao between February and March 2021. Purposive sampling was used for recruitment and thematic analysis followed the theoretical framework of the logic model. All 57 participants were positive about eMAR. Financial and nonfinancial resources were critical to adopting eMAR. eMAR was mostly used for its functions in documentation, e-prescribing and monitoring. Immediate output included simplified working process, reduced errors, closer monitoring of residents’ conditions, and timely communication among staff. The outcomes mainly related to efficiency, safety and quality of care, workload redundancy, and data unification. Key influencing factors included eMAR flexibility, stability, and technical support. Adopting eMARs is highly consuming and the benefits in improving quality of care can only be realized with appropriate implementation, precise execution, regular evaluation and responsive adjustment. The proposed logic model framework serves as a roadmap for LTCFs, both current and future users of eMAR.

Innovation management mechanism at transport enterprises

Methods. The main methods used in this study are synthesis and analysis. With their help, the main components of the innovation management mechanism at transport enterprises were determined (generally theoretical basis, determinants of the mechanism formation and its practical implementation). The methods of generalization and system analysis made it possible to determine the system of principles on which the mechanism should be based. The use of the scenario modelling method made it possible to form a system of innovation implementation scenarios, considering the possibility of the appearance of various alternatives to the determinants of the innovation implementation effectiveness (the effect of innovation and the degree of demand for innovative products). Results. The principles of developing the innovation management mechanism at the enterprise were formed, namely, the construction of the mechanism as an open system, taking into account the specifics of the enterprise activity, its propensity for innovative activity and basing it on a defined system of principles. Attention is focused on the fact that the main criterion for the selection of innovations should be an increase in the economic efficiency of the enterprise. A system of innovation management principles is proposed, which includes three groups, namely technological (complexity, systematicity, limitedness); management (manageability, purposefulness, consistency); evaluation (alternativeness, efficiency, balance of riskiness and expected efficiency). The expediency of using scenario modeling to assess the feasibility of introducing innovations in the conditions of an unstable external environment is substantiated, and a system of scenarios is built, which is formed by combining the alternatives of two determinants of the effectiveness of innovations, namely: the effect of innovation and the degree of demand by consumers of innovative products («Rapid growth», «Loss of resources», «Loss of opportunities», «Saving development opportunities»). It is shown that publicprivate partnership is an effective tool for attracting funds for transport enterprises in conditions of shortage of financial resources and low investment attractiveness of the industry. Novelty. The innovation management mechanism of the transport enterprise is developed. A system of innovation management principles is proposed, which considers various aspects of their implementation (in terms of technology, management, and evaluation). A system of innovation implementation scenarios has been developed, which is based on the determinants of innovation effectiveness (the effect of innovation and the degree of consumer demand for innovative products). Practical value. It is substantiated that the implementation of the developed innovation management mechanism will increase the predictability of their realization in an environment characterized by high instability and, as a result, increase the efficiency of innovative activity and the rational use of limited financial and non-financial resources.

Operating efficiency of accounting firms based on different perspectives of human resource structures

This paper evaluates the operating efficiency of accounting firms from five perspectives of human resource allocations by sampling a total of 42 large accounting firms listed in the 2013 Survey Report on Accounting Firms compiled by the Financial Supervisory Commission. The paper adopts the three analytical models—CCR (Charnes, Cooper, and Rhode model), BCC (Banker, Charnes, and Cooper model), and Super SBM (a slack-based measure of super-efficiency)—in the data envelopment analysis (DEA) framework. The four revenue streams—auditing publicly listed companies, tax advisory services, management consulting, and business registration and others—are defined as outputs in the empirical study. On the other hand, human resource metrics are referred to as Inputs. These metrics are either financial (wages) or non-financial (job positions, education, age, business services, and CPA licenses). According to the research findings, 22 out of the 42 sampled accounting firms are operationally efficient, while seven are inefficient when measured using the five constructs of human resource inputs. In terms of the overall operating efficiency, the average efficiency values in the CCR model are the highest when measured with education, age, and practice as the three constructs of human resources. In the Super SBM model, the average efficiency values are the highest when evaluated with practice, education, and age. The efficient accounting firms are mostly measured using the human resource constructs of education (34 firms), age (32 firms), and job positions (30 firms). For both efficient and inefficient firms, tax advisory services and auditing publicly listed companies are the two major sources of revenue and competitive advantage. Meanwhile, the management consulting business still requires extra effort. This paper suggests that accounting firms should spend more on wages as an input in order to enhance employees' loyalty and boost their willingness to work. The non-financial human resource metrics for efficient firms are partners, master's degrees, 25–34 years old, and auditing services; employees without CPA licenses are, in fact, the major contributor to operating efficiency. Managers are advised to assign important tasks to these employees and provide them with generous remunerations and benefits so as to retain these high-caliber professionals and motivate them to create revenues for different businesses. The non-financial human resource metrics for inefficient accounting firms are associates, university degrees, 25–34 years old, and auditing services; employees with CPA licenses are the major contributor to operating efficiency. Thus, managers should fully utilize this human resource and empower them to go the extra mile in boosting revenue streams and improving service quality. Finally, neither the change in input attributes nor the application of different DEA models alters the outcome of performance evaluations. Moreover, this paper expects to provide a template for allocating human resources and synchronizing accounting firms' operating strategies.

ФІНАНСОВО-ЕКОНОМІЧНІ ПРОЦЕСИ В УКРАЇНІ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

The decision to introduce martial law becomes a kind of lever for changes in the state regulation of financial and economic processes. The introduction of martial law for the economy means an additional concentration of all existing financial and non-financial resources in the country on programs of financial and economic protection of the country. And it is absolutely logical to expect a review of the state budget, reduction of all programs aimed at non-defense purposes - medicine, education, increase of pensions, minimum wages, etc. It was noted that today the domestic economy is increasingly becoming one of the priority fronts, which will determine both the further course of military operations and the ability of our country to successfully rebuild after their end, the key to success is to a large extent the ability of managers at various levels to form effective and efficient strategic plans and ensure the effectiveness of their practical implementation, including the timely implementation of outlined applied tasks and management of financial and economic processes. But without adequate actions on the part of the authorities, which will consist in the implementation of appropriate instruments of economic policy, the significant potential of the post-war revival may be leveled. Considering the above, we can observe that the government has already urgently introduced a number of important regulatory innovations designed to reduce the fiscal burden on business and stimulate the development of small entrepreneurship. In addition, a certain liberalization of the legislation took place. The outlined measures for economic liberalization show that the government is clearly aware of the direct relationship that exists between the degree of economic freedom and the pace of economic development. Moreover, it should be noted and even emphasized that the initiated changes should not only continue, but also intensify in the post-war period. Therefore, it is already necessary to form a strategy for the post-war economic development of Ukraine, focused on its maximum deregulation and demonopolization. It is necessary to maintain and develop the initiated course to minimize the regulatory influence of power institutions on the operational functioning of the economy.

Whither monetary values of public cultural, heritage and scientific collections for financial reporting purposes

PurposeUsing the most available literature, this viewpoint takes and supports the argument that public cultural, heritage and scientific collections of not-for-profit cultural heritage or arts institutions are non-financial resources, expressly in the specific organisational and social contexts in which they are held, for preservation, conversation and protection into perpetuity. These collections are, therefore, not “assets” or “heritage assets” for recognition in statement of financial position.Design/methodology/approachTo clarify and augment the literature in developing better understanding of how the monetary valuation of public cultural, heritage and scientific collections for general purpose financial reporting purposes is both not fit-for-purpose in these contexts and at least potentially misleading to stakeholders.FindingsThe evaluation of this public sector financial reporting issue portrays to be fit-for-purpose in its social and organisational contexts in which public, non-profit collecting institutions operate. Accounting's role is not the change contexts in the public sector into settings which they are, in substance, not.Originality/valueTo contribute to the overcoming of controversy by illuminating to both accounting professionals and heritage professionals the vexed issues involved in its ongoing discussion and debate. It is argued that there is no need for any accounting standard to be issued on this topic, which would lead to financial values being placed on non-financial cultural, heritage and scientific collections resources in statements of financial position, thereby misrepresenting these collections.

Principals’ management of financial and non-financial resources as correlates of institutional goal fulfilment in secondary schools in calabar metropolis

This research examined the management of financial and non-financial resources by Calabar Metropolis’ public secondary school principals in relation to the fulfillment of institutional goals. Null hypotheses were developed based on the two specific objectives guiding the study. The study used the ex-post facto research design under the quantitative research framework. A census approach was adopted in enumerating all the 69 school managers (24 principals and 45 vice principals) in Calabar Metropolis, Nigeria. A validated questionnaire, with a reliability index of .90, was used for data collection. It was shown that there is a considerable association between the management of financial resources by school leaders and the fulfillment of institutional goals. A significant relationship was also established between principals’ management of non-financial resources (such as school libraries, school records and human resources) and the fulfillment of institutional goals in secondary schools. It is argued that to fulfil educational goals, financial and non-financial resources’ management in public secondary schools are critical. Policy and theoretical implications for successful educational management were discussed in light of this result.

Adapting Reverse Mentoring Strategy to SMEs: A New Pilot Model Implemented in Brazil

In recent years, the Reverse Mentoring (RM) model has gained popularity in large companies. Although the prevailing RM model—junior employees mentoring senior employees—benefits both groups and promotes innovation, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) do not implement it due to lack of economies of scale, organizational capacities, and skilled junior employees. We devise a new RM model for SMEs that overcomes these disadvantages. First, the intervention of an intermediate, trusted professional entity initiates and supports the program for several companies; second, the mentors are not junior employees, but external graduate students with education in innovation. A pilot experiment was tested in the state of Ceara, Brazil. The preliminary findings support the new model’s feasibility and efficacy for SMEs. The intervention stimulated significant innovative ideas and resulted in out-of-the-box thinking, identification of potentials for innovation opportunities, and adaptation of an open innovation approach, which is important for SMEs with limited financial and non-financial resources. This study contributes to the literature on SMEs and RM by offering a new model that can overcome existing market failures experienced by SMEs. Empirical testing demonstrates its feasibility.

How Does Entrepreneurial Networking Improve the Sustainability of Women-led Micro Enterprises?

Women-led microenterprises contribute to economic development through job creation, extend resources to rural communities, reduce poverty, and improve family wellbeing. However, little is known about how women entrepreneurs in contexts stricken by institutional, cultural, and religious constraints grow microenterprises. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine how women entrepreneurs in developing countries improve the sustainability of microenterprises. We ground our study in social capital theory to test the partial mediating role of entrepreneurial learning behavior and self-organization in the relationship between entrepreneurial networking and sustainability of microenterprises. Based on a sample of 581 women-led microenterprises in Uganda, we test our model using ordinary partial least squares regression through SmartPLS version 3.3.3. The results support our theorizing that entrepreneurial networking has a positive and significant effect on sustainability of microenterprise performance and that the relationship is partially mediated by entrepreneurial learning behavior and self-organization. Our findings provide evidence that financial and nonfinancial resources available through women entrepreneur’s networks improve the sustainability of microenterprises which in turn enhance family wellbeing and economic development. We extend application of social capital theory among women-led microenterprises and offer insight to policymakers when making decisions directed towards growth and survival of microenterprises.

Current issues of taxation of certain transactions of non-profit organizations in Ukraine

Non-profit institutions have an important role to play in ensuring the proper and effective performance of the social function of the state. Despite the fact that non-profit organizations fulfill a social mission in society, they are very vulnerable to illegal actions. Research on non-profit organizations is most often carried out in terms of determining the role of non-profit organizations, tax issues are ignored. The article covers topical issues of taxation of certain operations of non-profit organizations in Ukraine. Differences in the formation and taxation of non-profit organizations in Ukraine and in some other countries are identified. It is determined that due to difficulties in obtaining financial and non-financial resources, non-profit organizations may resort to transactions that determine the commercial purpose, and accordingly, there are questions of ambiguity in the interpretation of such transactions in the field of tax law. The article focuses on the operations of leasing property, investing in a deposit account, providing advertising services. We believe that the income of non-profit enterprises should be generated exclusively from sources that are mainly related to their core business. Therefore, changes and approaches to accounting are needed. Public aid organizations are required to adhere to stricter rules (related to transparency) than all other non-governmental organizations. Clear procedures for cooperation and funding need to be developed on the basis of well-established legal norms, and reporting provisions should be simple and clear.