Non-ferrous Metal Processing Research Articles

Obtaining tube blanks from copper-nickel alloy МНЖ 5-1 when using a tool made of die steel adjustable austenitic transformation during operation

Purpose. Production of die tool from steel with regulation of austenitic transformation during operation to increase the level of service life during hot deformation of copper-nickel alloy.
 Research methods. Metallographic, high-temperature X-ray phase and dilatometric analyzes of research steel.
 Results. The mode of heat treatment (incomplete annealing) of steel 4Х3Н5М3Ф at a temperature of 750±20 °С, obtained by electroslag remelting, allowed to obtain a perlite-sorbitol structure at a hardness of33–34 HRC and allowed better machining by cutting the workpiece alloy. The proposed mode of final heat treatment (hardening 1030±10 °C and tempering 600±5 °C) of the investigated steel, makes it possible to heat the matrix during operation to a temperature of 600 °C.
 Scientific novelty. The thermal stability of the tool for hot deformation can be significantly increased when using steel with adjustable austenitic transformation during operation. Such steel in the initial state has a ferrite base, and when heated to operating temperatures occurs from α-Fe to γ-Fe conversion and, subsequently, the austenitic structure is preserved throughout the period of high-temperature operation of the stamping tool. It is confirmed that the stamping tool made of steel 4Kh3N5М3F when pressing a copper-nickel alloy works in the temperature range corresponding to the austenitization process.
 Practical value. Abbreviated technological operation, namely thermo-deformation processing (forging) of ingots obtained by electroslag remelting. Experimental-industrial tests of the die tool of steel 4Х3Н5М3Ф in the manufacture of tube blanks of Ø 67±0,1 mm from a copper-nickel alloy of the МНЖ 5-1 brand are carried out. As a result of research “Artemovsk plant for processing of non-ferrous metals and alloys” (Bakhmut, Donetsk region, Ukraine) at an operating temperature of 900–950 ° C, matrices made of steel 4Х3Н5М3Ф (without deformation-forging) showed stability in three times higher than the matrices from steel 3Х3М3Ф made at the enterprise.

The structure and mechanical properties formed in the soft L63 brass band commercially produced using transverse flux induction heating

This paper looks at the structure and mechanical properties formed in a steel band while it is processed to the soft state using a variety of different adopted and pilot processes that involve Transverse Flux Induction Heating (or, TFIH). Varying concentrations of copper were examined: 62.5 ± 0.2 and 64 ± 0.2 %. After semicontinuous casting and cutting to length, ingots were heated in a continuous gas furnace. Hot-rolled bands with the thicknesses of 5 and 8 mm were coiled and the coils were air- or water-cooled. A portion of the coils was annealed in a batch furnace and cooled down in the same way. After the bands were cold-rolled down to 2.0, 2.2 or 2.4 mm, they were coiled and the coils were annealed in the batch furnace or treated by TFIH technique in the most intense mode. The second rolling cycle was conducted using the adopted processes and reaching the thicknesses of ~0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 mm and various degrees of deformation. After that, the band was subjected to varying annealing modes of the TFIH process. It was found that the key factor contributing to a higher ultimate strength includes a significant concentration of β-phase, which tends to rise as the concentration of copper goes down. At the same time, rapid cooling after TFIH annealing does not lead to any significant rise or decrease in the β-phase concentration. Thus, the key factor for the ultimate strength to rise includes the β-phase that forms as a result of hot rolling and remains through a sequence of TFIH cycles. It was established that the process involving hot rolling followed by cold rolling in two or more passes and at least one intermediate annealing cycle in a batch furnace and a final continuous TFIH annealing cycle ensures the soft state in the L63 band. Compared with the process that involves final batch annealing, this process offers better energy efficiency with the minimal lengthwise variation of properties.The authors would like to express their heartfelt gratitude to V. M. Mikhalev, S. N. Polyaev, A. A. Sozontov, I. V. Kharitonova, A. V. Koloshnitsyn, V. G. Igoshin, F. G. Bikmetova, L. V. Mashinina, T. V. Budneva and other employees of the Kirov Non-Ferrous Metals Processing Plant who contributed to this research.

Understanding the effect of annealing temperature on the mechanical properties of thin strips made from CuNi12Zn24 alloy going through a continuous line

Alloys of copper with nickel (5–35%) and zinc (13–45%) are known, which are called nickel silver (translated from German Neusilber – “new silver”). The alloy CuNi15Zn20 is widely used. Industry uses materials similar in properties to the alloy CuNi15Zn20, but cheaper due to the reduction in the content of nickel and copper, for example, CuNi12Zn24. Under the conditions of Kirov Non-Ferrous Metals Processing Plant (JSC “KNFMP”), there is a technical possibility to obtain products from ingots to thin strip from these alloys. To obtain thin strips 0.7–0.043 mm thick in a soft state with a uniform distribution of mechanical properties along both length and width, as well as with a high surface quality, a continuous annealing line is used. The line is usually used for annealing thin strips of copper and brass of various alloy grades. The work was carried out on the selection of temperature and speed modes of the line for heat treatment of tapes from the alloy CuNi12Zn24, not typical of the line, in order to obtain products that meet consumer requirements. The effect of annealing temperature on the change in the mechanical properties of a cold-rolled strip 0.1 mm thick made of the alloy CuNi12Zn24 was studied. The graphs of changes in the yield strength (σt), tensile strength (σb) and elongation (δ) versus annealing temperature (t) of the strip after cold rolling with a relative compression of 83% on a four-roll reversible mill 160/650×710 are obtained. The regularities are established and the dependences of the main indicators of the mechanical properties on the temperature of annealing of strips are obtained. The research results made it possible to develop a rational heat treatment regime on the continuous annealing line of JSC “KNFMP”. Application of the developed annealing regime made it possible to manufacture and supply to the European consumer an experimental batch of tapes with a cross section of 0.1×400 mm in the soft state from the alloy CuNi12Zn24 according to the standard EN 1652-97 in the amount of 1000 kg. There were no comments from the consumer about quality of the strips; currently, orders for the production of these products continue to be received at JSC “KNFMP”.

Influence of copper microalloying components and deformation conditions on the structure and physical and mechanical properties of blanks for collector profiles

The tasks of increasing the reliability and increasing the resource of DC machines are urgent. One of the reasons for the need to repair DC machines after operation is the wear of the collector. The processes occurring during operation during the interaction of the brushes and the collector under load are considered to be complex and difficult to predict due to the participation of electric current in the process. To increase the resource and reliability of the collector-brush assembly, it is necessary to work out the design of the assembly rationally and choose the materials of the collector and brushes, taking into account the manufacturability of manufacture. For the machines used, it is promising to replace the used materials with others that can increase the resource and reliability, without reducing the main characteristics. Profiles made of copper and copper-based alloys in the solid state, obtained by pressing and drawing, are used as blanks for the manufacture of collectors. An increase in the wear resistance of such profiles may be associated with an increase in the strength characteristics. One of the methods for increasing the strength characteristics is the microalloying of copper with elements that influence on the structure, or allow hardening heat treatment. Alloys based on copper, which can be obtained in the conditions of plants for the processing of non-ferrous metals, which are used in collector assemblies of electrical machines are of great interest. Samples from the presented microalloyed copper-based alloys are studied: CuCd1, CuCr0.7, CuSnAg, CuSnTe and CuZr0.4, obtained by technology (hot and cold stamping) similar in deformation-rate modes to the technology (pressing and drawing) of collector profiles production, manufactured in the conditions of the Kirov Non-Ferrous Metals Processing Plant (JSC “KNFMP”). Microstructural analysis of the samples was carried out. The Vickers hardness, electrical resistivity and relative wear resistance were determined. The highest value of wear resistance was obtained for specimens of CuZr0.4 alloy. On the basis of the data obtained, recommendations were issued for the prospective use of the studied alloys as a material for collectors of electrical machines in order to increase their resource by increasing the wear resistance of the collector profile.

Bronze-casting workshops of the Vengerovo-2 settlement (Baraba forest steppe)

The formation of the early bronze-casting production in Baraba and the appearance of products of the Seima-Turbino type were completed within the 3rd — early 2nd mil. BC — during the existence of the Krotovo Cul-ture. Plenty of work has been devoted to its characterization; the presence of bronze-casting on the sites has been noted, but special studies of this type of sources are extremely few. The purpose of this paper is to present the characteristics of the production areas associated with the processing of non-ferrous metals, based on mate-rials of the Vengerovo-2 settlement of the Krotovo Culture. Production sites were studied in six dwellings of the settlement. The uniformity of the workshops has been revealed in terms of site planning and principles of organi-zation of the production, although differences in scale have been noted. The use of two types of the forges has been recorded. In all these workshops and in other sites of the culture, a multifunctional sub-rectangular hearth buried in the ground with the walls and floor lined with fragments of ceramics or clay coating was found (with di-mensions of 1.65×0.87–2.3×0.9×0.21–0.52 m). The second type of the forges is less common — a small round or oval pit (0.4–0.5 m in diameter) with the bottom and walls lined with baked clay or fragments. The smelting was carried out with forced air supply. The casting of the metal was taking place next to the forge. Crushed bones were used as fuel. The production complex demonstrates extensive external economic and commercial ties. This is manifested by penetration of significant volumes of non-ferrous metal into the ore-barren areas of the Central Baraba, as well as by the presence of imported foundry equipment (molds made of marl and talc). The simultaneous presence inside the casters’ dwellings of bones of taiga-zone animals and those living in the southern, steppe regions indicates significant length of the supply routes. The specific features and unification of the production of the manufacturing equipment, nature of the work carried out, volume of heats, and a large number of similar-type forms suggest specialization of the village in the bronze casting production.

Heavy Metal Contents of Soil and Surface Dust and Its Ecological Risk Analysis in a Multifunctional Industrial Park

A multifunctional industrial park can perform both producing and living functions. The smelting and processing of non-ferrous metals may lead to soil pollution, posing risks to human beings. In this study, an industrial park located in central Anhui Province, China, with copper (Cu) processing and mechanical components as the main industries, was selected as the study object. By collecting and testing soil and dust samples, the horizontal and vertical distribution characteristics of heavy metals in soil and dust in the park were analyzed. The ecological risk index is used to identify areas with higher risks and correlation and principal component analysis are used to disclose the potential source of heavy metals. Results showed that the contents of Cu, Zn, As, Pb, and Cd in the soil were 2.65, 1.76, 1.56, 2.14, and 3.87 times that of the background value, respectively. The heavy metal content of dust was significantly higher than that of soil, with contents of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Hg, As, Pb, and Cd of 1.93, 1.05, 7.57, 4.63, 6.08, 5.39, 2.58, and 5.50 times that of the background value, respectively. Horizontally, the areas with higher ecological risks concentrated in the western part of the park, while vertically there was no significant trend with increases in soil depth. For the dust samples, areas with high ecological risks were closer to the main traffic arteries. Principal component analysis indicated that the main source of heavy metal in western soils was probably irrigation with contaminated river water. Road traffic, on the other hand, is more likely to be the main contributor to high dust heavy metal levels. This result is important for the park to control the potential health risks caused by heavy metals through zoning management according to the functions of different areas.

Microstructures and Microwave-Absorbing Properties of ZnO Smoke from Zinc Leach Residue Treated by Carbothermal Reduction

1. This work was supported by the Joint Fund between Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science and The State Key Laboratory for Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals for “One-step harmless treatment of zinc and silver-rich residue using the smelting-volatilisation method” (Grant no. 18LHZD001), The Department of Industry and Information Technology of Gansu Province for a “Technical study on the harmless treatment of zinc and silver-rich residue using the fuming process” (Grant no. GGLD-2019-046), and a Gansu Major Science and Technology Project for “Development and industrialisation of key technologies for enrichment of rare metals in zinc hydrometallurgy” (Grant no. 19ZD2GD001).

Властивості штампової сталі 4Х4Н5М4Ф2 для гарячого деформування кольорових металів та сплавів

The results of researches of mechanical properties of cast and forged steel with regulation of austenitic transformation at operation, after thermal hardening are resulted. Taking into account the optimal modes of heat treatment (hardening 1100 ±5 oС and tempering) of the investigated steel, the parameters of physical and mechanical properties were determined: hardness, strength threshold, yield strength, toughness, electrical conductivity and microhardness in the metal structure. The proposed improved composition of steel (4Kh4N5М4F2) with an increase in quenching temperature by 60 oС, allowed to increase heat resistance by 35 oС in comparison with steel with regulation of austenitic transformation during operation of 4Kh3N5М3F brand (without deformation-forging). The tempering brittleness of the investigated steel (4Kh4N5М4F2) at the tempering temperature of 475 ±15 °С (first kind) and above 650 °С (second kind) was established. Increasing the brittleness of the studied steel in the temperature range of 460…490 °C causes to reduce the toughness, change the structurally sensitive value (increase in electrical conductivity), increase the hardness of the released martensite, increase the strength threshold and yield strength. The paper shows the possibility of using the investigated steel for the operating temperature range of hot deformation of copper (550…650 oС), copper-nickel (900…950 oС) and aluminum alloy (450…500 oС) with increased service life in comparison with ferritic steels 4Kh5МF1S and 3Kh3М3F of rolled grade. Experimental and industrial tests of die steel with regulation of austenitic transformation during operation (4Kh3N5М3F and 4Kh4N5М4F2) were carried out in Ukrainian and Chinese enterprises: Spetslityo plant (Dnipro, Ukraine); Artemivsk plant for non-ferrous metals processing (Donetsk Region, Bakhmut, Ukraine); Futec Co., Ltd (Ninghai, China); New material technology Co., Ltd (Kunshan, China). Ingots from the investigated steels were obtained by the technology of electroslag remelting: Rivne Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering Technology (Rivne, Ukraine); Tiangong International Co., Ltd (Danyang, China).

Soubor kovových předmětů z doby římské z Boršova na Moravskotřebovsku An Assemblage of Metal Roman Iron Age Artefacts from Boršov in the Moravská Třebová Region

An archaeological situation documented in 2016 in the cadastral territory of Boršov (Svitavy district, Pardubice Region, Czech Republic) contained more than 70 metal artefacts scattered mostly over an area of 5 x 2 m. The finds were made with the use of metal detectors in an otherwise unsettled space in close proximity to defunct roads crossing a sharp local terrain fault. The finds were concentrated on hilly terrain between two slight watercourses. The collection is composed mainly of fragments of intentionally broken artefacts made from a copper alloy, castings of the mouth of casting channels, ingots, as well as craft tools, coins, a fragment of a bronze mould, fibula parts, etc. The assemblage dates to the end of the Marcomannic Wars or the period immediately following them and documents a close relationship with the processing of non-ferrous metals. The assemblage also contains antiques, especially in the form of a La Tène belt hook. Roman Iron Age, Marcomannic Wars, copper metallurgy, imports, roads, ritual activities, Moravia

Consumption-based multi-objective optimization model for minimizing energy consumption: A case study of China

To minimize energy consumption while maintaining the economic growth, this paper proposed a novel consumption-based multi-objective optimization model (CMOM), which would provide a more systemic perspective than previous production-based model (PMOM). We have selected China as our study case. The results showed the CMOM performed better than the previous PMOM. The proposed CMOM can achieve higher economic growth and energy saving goals by the smaller adjustment of the current industrial structure. It indicated it was necessary to include the systemic influence of sectoral consumption demand on global energy consumption. The results also showed there were some principal sectors and economic linkages between sectors that played special roles in the optimization of the industrial structure. To achieve the energy saving and economic growth goals, some sectors should significantly reduce their total output such as Chemical Materials and Products, while other sectors could continue to increase their total outputs such as Construction. Some sectors should reduce inputs to themselves such as Processing of Non-ferrous Metals, while other sectors should significantly increase inputs to themselves such as Other Services. Non-metallic Mineral Products should increase inputs to Construction. These results suggest our method can provide key policy targets for optimizing the current industrial structure.

Influence of transition metals (Sc, Ti, V, Cr, and Mn) doping on magnetism of CdSProject supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11664023) and the HongLiu First-class Disciplines Development Program of Lanzhou University of Technology and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals of China.

The influence of transition metals (Sc, Ti, V, Cr, and Mn) doping at different distances on the magnetism of CdS is studied by using generalized gradient approximation combined with Hubbard U in the VASP package. The results show that the doping systems are more stable, easy to form, and the wurtzite structure of CdS is not changed. It is found that the systems are antiferromagnetic (AFM) when nearest neighbor doping, which is attributed to the direct charge transfers between two impurity ions. The systems are ferromagnetic (FM) when the doping distance increases further, since the double exchange interactions are observed among the 3d orbital of the transition metal, the Cd-5s and the S-3p orbitals are at conduction band minimum. We also found that the total magnetic moment of each ferromagnetic system increases with the order of SC to Mn-doping, the spin polarizability of Cr-doping system is 100%. The estimated Curie temperature indicates that the Cr- and Mn-doped CdS in this paper can achieve room-temperature ferromagnetic characteristics, especially the Cr doping is the most prominent. And TM-doping does not destroy the semiconductor characteristics of the system. Therefore, the TM-doped CdS can be used as an ideal dilute magnetic semiconductor functional material.

Ancient Rus Metallurgical Complex at Kopyriv Kinets

The article is devoted to the results of studies of several archaeological sites related to the production and processing of ferrous and non-ferrous metals. During archaeological research of the Ancient Rus settlement in the Kopyriv Kinets in Kyiv, on the excavation site of 2017 at Kudriavska st., 24-A, a large number of archaeological sites of various purposes were discovered and explored, among which two nearby industrial buildings of a rather complex structure turned out to be interesting. Having carefully studied the design features, stratigraphy, the fairly dense and saturated with a variety of finds buildings Nos. 1-2, the following results can be considered. Production building No. 1, at first could have been used to obtain iron, since the remains of a metallurgical hearth and a significant amount of iron krits and slags were found in it. Moreover, here massively (?) could have been produced iron products by forging. Production building No. 2 was the most likely used primarily for foundry. Here, raw materials in the form of non-ferrous scrap (trimmings, strips and plates) could be smelted for further casting of copper/bronze products. This process was successfully promoted by a furnace made of stones and plinthite, the heat of which was sufficient for this production process. With the advent of the building No. 2, the functioning of the building No. 1 continued for some time, since colored scrap and copper-bronze slag were also found in it. It is possible that for some time in the kiln of the building No. 1, in parallel with the manufacture of iron and iron products, they were engaged in the smelting of copper and bronze. As for the time of existence of these structures, considerably they were built gradually, one after another. The first one in XI century there is the building No. 1, and then – in the second half of XI century the building No. 2 appeared next to it, which continues to function at the beginning of XII century. Thus, buildings No. 1 and No. 2, obviously, formed a single complex of impressive size, which specialized in the production and processing of ferrous and non-ferrous metals.

Finite Element Analysis on Processing of PCD End-Mill Milling Copper

Polycrystalline diamond (PCD), is a tool material and widely used in nonferrous metal processing due to its excellent properties, such as high hardness, high wear resistance, high thermal conductivity and low friction coefficient. Considering the friction between the cutter and the workpiece, the heat generated by the elastic-plastic deformation and the heat transfer between the cutter and the workpiece. The finite element analysis software ABAQUS was used to study the effect of different processing parameters on the temperature field distribution and cutting force of the cutter, in the case of welded PCD double-edge end milling copper. The temperature distribution of cutting tools and the changing trend of cutting force with milling parameters was obtained. These technological parameters include the milling rotation speed n, the axial milling depth ap, and the feed rate f. The simulation results show that the tool temperature increases with the increase of milling depth, feed per revolution and rotation speed. However, the tool temperature has little effect on the tool life. Under the condition of satisfying the work-piece surface quality and machining efficiency, low speed, small milling depth and small feed should be selected as far as possible. Milling depth has a great influence on cutting force. When milling speed is about 2400 r/min, the axial milling depth is 0.3 mm, and the feed is 0.2 mm/r, which can obtain small milling force and lower tool temperature, and further extend the life of PCD tool.

Morphological and Spectral Analysis of Nano-and Microparticles in Industrial Fume in the Electroplating Workshop

The paper presents the results of chemical analysis of industrial fume samples collected in electroplating workshop at aluminum and non-ferrous metals processing lines using basic electrochemical processes. Using electron microscopy, images of production induced solid particles were obtained and morphological analysis of the surface of airborne particles was carried out.

Application of national pollutant inventories for monitoring trends on dioxin emissions from stationary industrial sources in Australia, Canada and European Union.

Industrial sources, including iron ore sintering, municipal waste incineration and non-ferrous metal processing have been prominent emitters of dioxins to the environment. With the expanding industrial sectors, many international conventions were established in order to reduce the emission of dioxins in the past two decades. The Stockholm convention, a global monitoring treaty, entered into force in 2004 with the aim to promote development of strategies to reduce or eliminate dioxin emissions. According to the convention, parties are required to develop national inventory databases to report emission levels and develop a national implementation plan (NIP) to reduce further dioxin emissions. In order to understand the trend of dioxin emissions since 1990s this study provides a comparative assessment of dioxin emissions from different industrial sources by deriving emission data from the national inventory databases of Australia, Canada and the 28 European countries (EU-28). According to the data collected, iron and steel production and electricity generation were the highest emitters of dioxins in 2017 for Europe, Canada and Australia, when compared to other stationary industrial sources. The change in the trend of dioxin emissions from the iron and steel industry and the public electricity sector was also assessed. The emission of dioxins during 1990–2017 from both iron and steel production and electricity generation revealed a relative decreasing trend, except for Spain and Italy who showed higher level of emissions from iron and steel production in 2017. Furthermore, comparing emission data for metal production revealed that the blast furnace process was the prominent emitter of dioxins comparing to electric arc furnace process. Further investigation was performed to compare the amount of dioxin emitted from three different fuel types, black coal, brown coal and natural gas, used for electricity generation in Australia. The study showed that dioxin emissions from brown coal were higher than black coal for the last two years, while power production from natural gas emits the lowest amounts of dioxins to the environment.

Dynamic mechanism of non-ferrous metal processing industry transfer in Qinghai province based on production function

Non-ferrous processing industry is related to all aspects of residents’ life and has a prominent industrial position in Qinghai Province. The driving force of industry transfer is closely related to the production function of enterprises. The OP method established by Olley and Pakes, the LP method established by Levinsohn and Petrin have guiding significance for the estimation of the production function of enterprises. In this paper, OP method and LP method are used to estimate the production function of the non-ferrous metal processing industry in Qinghai province based on the statistical data of industrial economy over the years, calculate the total factor productivity of the industry, and summarize the transfer power mechanism of the non-ferrous metal processing industry in Qinghai province.

Domestic pottery sherds used in non-ferrous metalworking: a study from early medieval Prague

Among archaeometallurgical remains from Prague of the tenth and eleventh centuries AD, attention has been focused on a single type of finds: fragments of common ceramic kitchenware secondarily utilised in assaying ores and in the production and refinement of non-ferrous metals. Fifteen samples from several sites were selected for EDS-SEM analyses of various parts of glassy, slaggy and metallic coatings, of metallic prills and of the primary and secondary mineral phases in these solidified melts. Variable intermediate products of silver and gold extraction were identified, as were examples of the successful cupellation and refinement of these metals. The secondary utilisation of silver scrap has been ruled out by the chemical composition of the coatings on the majority of sherds with a significant Ag content. In contrast, substantial concentrations of other metallic elements (e.g. Bi, Sn) and coatings of Cu- and Fe-sulphide mixtures in some samples correspond to the early stages of the metallurgical processing of non-ferrous metals (ore concentrates) or initial metallurgical intermediate products.

PATTERNS OF HEAVY METALS ACCUMULATION IN FISH IN LAKES OF THE FENNOSCANDIAN GREEN BELT (IN THE MURMANSK REGION)

The patterns of heavy metals (HM) accumulation in fish from lakes of the Murmansk Region within the Green Belt of Fennoscandia (GBF) exposed to long-term air-borne pol-lution associated with the operation of a non-ferrous metal processing enterprise have been studied. The detrimental effects of air-borne water pollution from the Kola GMK mine and smelter do not depend on the dominant wind directions. The reduction in emis-sions from the Nickel site of the Kola GMK in the past decades has not led to a significant decrease in the level of anthropogenic load. On the contrary, a long-term upward trend is observed in the content of Cu in the organs of whitefish, char, pike and perch in all the lakes studied. The accumulation of Cu and Ni in fish target organs tended to decrease along the distance gradient from the source of pollution. The revealed pattern is con-sistent with the intensity of pathologies development in whitefish organs. The common whitefish (Coregonuslavaretus(L., 1758)) is the most reliable test object that reflects the degree of pressure from long-term exposure to HM. The size of the catchment area is supposed to predetermine the intensity and rate of HM accumulation in fish organisms. The cumulative effect of persistent anthropogenic HM load on waterbodies in the study area, climate change processes, and man-induced eutrophication of waters can show in a decline in the biological diversity of the fish fauna in GBF, reduction in the number of valuable fish species. The identified patterns can be used in assessing the state both of existing and planned protected areas inside GBF.

A NON-CANCER HEALTH RISK TO THE POPULATION OF VLADIKAVKAZ UNDER CHRONIC INHALATION EXPOSURE OF TECHNOGENIC EMISSIONS TO ATMOSPHERIC AIR

A non-cancer health risk to the population of Vladikavkaz inhabitants exposed to chronic inhalation of emissions from non-ferrous metals processing facilities and motor vehicles was assessed. A high risk to the population health caused by industrial and motor vehicles emissions was estimated, whereas the cardiovascular system was most severely affected by negative impact of the technogenic emissions. The necessity to conduct a complex of preventive measures to avoid risk of negative effects of technogenic emissions on the population health was established. As well as the necessity to apply modern methods to calculate the non-cancer health risk to the population of Vladikavkaz under chronic inhalation exposure of technogenic substances in the lower layers of atmospheric air was proved.

RESULTS OF THE WORKS OF THE LAST SEASONS IN THE SETTLEMENTS OF OUTSKIRTS OF KIEV

RESULTS OF THE WORKS OF THE LAST SEASONS IN THE SETTLEMENTS OF OUTSKIRTS OF KIEV