Non-ferrous Metallurgy Enterprises Research Articles

АНАЛИЗ РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ ПЕРИОДИЧЕСКОГО МЕДИЦИНСКОГО ОСМОТРА ДЕРМАТОВЕНЕРОЛОГОМ РАБОЧИХ, ЗАНЯТЫХ НА МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКИХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ СВЕРДЛОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

We estimated the prevalence and structure of skin diseases among workers employed in metallurgical enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region for the production of titanium and copper. The prevalence and nature of skin diseases in 528 workers employed at two enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region in the electrolytic production of copper and titanium were studied by means of periodic medical examinations. Skin diseases of various etiologies and pathogenesis were detected in 27.3 % of workers. Mycoses of feet and onychomycosis had the highest prevalence (19.3 % of the examined), and the prevalence among copper production workers was higher than among those employed in titanium production enterprises. Titanium production workers have higher morbidity of allergic dermatosis (1.7 % of those surveyed). Vascular skin lesions in the form of vascular spots, the etiology, pathogenesis and clinical significance of which remain unknown are detected in production workers previously involved in aluminum production at other enterprises. The presented data emphasize the importance of the development and implementation of preventive measures, early detection and treatment of skin diseases, improvement of the clinical examination system for workers in non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises.

Улавливания диоксида углерода щелочными растворами в трубчатом абсорбере

Commercially gas emission purification at thermoelectric power stations, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises, and cement and chemical plants is performed by multistage system with filters and cyclones, which trap solid particles, as well as by using different absorptive and adsorptive methods. A possibility of use a tubular absorption column for carbon dioxide trapping is considered in this work.

MICROELEMENT AND STABLE ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF SNOWPACK IN THE KATUNSKY BIOSPHERE RESERVE (ALTAI REPUBLIC)

The present-day regional level of various trace elements contents together with characteristics of isotopic composition was for the first time estimated in seasonal snow cover of Altai. As a background territory, the State Nature Biosphere reserve «Katunsky» had been chosen. This reserve is included into the World network of biosphere reserves under the UNESCO Program «Man and biosphere». The route snow survey had been carried out at the end of February 2014 since this is a period of maximum snow accumulation. The snow survey involved evaluation of snow storages, stratigraphic analysis of the snow cover, and layer-by-layer snow sampling for analysis of its trace element and isotopic compositions. Isotopic and stratigraphic analysis of visually selected layers of the snow cover revealed substantial variation in the values of δ18O and δD (the maximum difference between layers was 120.1 and 15.3 ‰, respectively), while dexc changed within the range from 5.6 to 16.6 ‰. The weighted-mean values of the snowpack isotopic composition are the following: δ 18 O = −24.9 and δD = −188.9 ‰, and the isotopic ratio of oxygen and deuterium is described by the equation δD = 8,3δ 18 О + 18.9. The analysis of microelement composition of the snow samples made with the use of the crustal enrichment factor (EFc) and correlation matrix allowed determination of elements (Ba, Be, V, Co, Li, Mn, Ni, Sr, Tl, Th, U и Cs) released into the atmosphere above the territory under investigation mainly with particles of fly ash, in which the ratio of elements corresponds to the regional natural sources – soils and underlying rocks. It was shown that the main part of elements Ag, As, Bi, Cu, Mo, Sb, Zn come preferably from anthropogenic sources which are non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises of East Kazakhstan and pits of operating and abandoned mines of Rudny Altai.

Development of structural diagram of automated dispatch control system for power consumption at non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises

The structural scheme of the automated control system of power consumption at the industrial enterprise is developed in the article. At the non-ferrous metallurgy enterprise, an energy inspection and a rank analysis of the electrical energy consumption of the main processing equipment were carried out. It is established that the enterprises of non-ferrous metallurgy are a complex process system consisting of a set of thousands of jointly functioning technological facilities. For the most effective estimation of power consumption of enterprises, it is reasonable to use the automated system of dispatching control of power consumption (ASDCPC). The paper presents the results of the development of the ASDCPC structural diagram that allows one to perform on-line control and management of the energy and process parameters of the main production units and the enterprise as a whole. As a result of the introduction of ASDCPC at the non-ferrous metallurgy enterprise, the consumed active power was reduced during the peak hours of the load by 20%, the specific electricity consumption - by 14%, the cost of the energy component in the cost of production of hard alloys - by 3%.

RESOURCE BASIS OF NON-ORE RAW MATERIAL FOR METALLURGY IN UKRAINE: THE MODERN STATE, PERSPECTIVES

Problem Statement and Purpose . Approved in 2012, the National Program for the Development of the Ukrainian Mineral Resources Base for the period up to 2030 now needs to be adjusted due to a number of adverse factors, such as: reduction of the volume of budget financing of exploration works, exclusion from the territory of Ukraine of certain commodity regions (occupied regions of the Donbas, Crimea), the creation of these causes imbalances in the development of the country’s raw materials base, etc. Proceeding from the above, the purpose of the article is to estimate the current state of supply of the metallurgical industry with non-metallic raw materials, to characterize its main bases, their geological confinement, stocks and resources, mining enterprises that develop them, prospects for expanding the existing raw material base of metallurgical enterprises, the need for import of certain types of raw materials. The object of the study in the article is non-metallic raw material for metallurgy in Ukraine. The subject of the study is the territorial location of the raw materials bases of the main kinds of nonmetallic raw materials for metallurgy, their reserves and resources, proximity to consumers, the current state of exploitation, prospects for increasing reserves of raw materials of explored deposits, and ensuring the availability of metallurgical enterprises with the existing raw material base. Data & Methods . The basis for writing the article was the materials of the State Research and Production Enterprise «State Geoinformation Fund of Ukraine», analysis of subsoil use in the state, literary publications, information on geological study, mineral extraction, annual reports of SSPE «Geoinform of Ukraine», which are accessible to the general public, literary publications, etc. The analysis of primary materials used general scientific methods of research – cartographic, comparativegeographical, system analysis, classifications, and others. Results . Flux raw materials in Ukraine are represented by limestone, dolomite and fluoric spar; refractory raw materials – refractory clay, magnesite, quartzite and high alumina minerals (silimanite, diston, andalusite). Forming raw materials are sand forming and bentonite clay. The article analyzes their current state: balance reserves, annual extraction, provision of extractive enterprises with explored reserves, prospects of providing non-ferrous raw materials of ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy enterprises. The conclusions are made in particular: 1) about the need to replace flux raw materials from the occupied regions of the Donetsk region by limestones and dolphins of Podillya, which were explored for the needs of the construction industry; 2) the possibility of replacing scarce fluoride (fluorite) with staurolite; 3) it was stated that sufficient metallurgical enterprises were provided with explored reserves of quartzite and molding sand, characterized areas of their extraction, prospects for increasing stocks and resources; 4) it is noted that the volumes of extraction in Ukraine of bentonite clays make up about 5% of the real needs of metallurgical enterprises, etc.

System analysis of power consumption by nonferrous metallurgy enterprises on the basis of rank modeling of individual technocenosis castes

To increase energy efficiency at non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises, an integrated system approach for estimation of electricity consumption is needed. The paper presents the results of a rank analysis of the power consumption of individual castes of process equipment on the basis of an integrated energy survey of the enterprise. A methodology for constructing mathematical models for calculating and predicting electric power consumption for all castes of the ranked H-distribution of technocenosis has been developed. For the first time, according to the established regularity of the H-distribution, a mathematical model for predicting power consumption has been developed, including a quantitative analysis of the energy characteristics of consumers by individual castes of technocenosis. A retrospective check of the relative error in the prediction of electricity consumption showed that for the model it does not exceed 2%, which is significantly lower than the relative error of the prediction for a number of models of other types. The received model is recommended for use in the automated system of dispatching control of power consumption for the purposes of short-term forecasting of electric power consumption at industrial enterprises of non-ferrous metallurgy.

Specific utilization methods of high-melting wastes from the enterprises of chemistry and non-ferrous metallurgy

The article provides information on industrial waste generation at enterprises of the Samara region, suitable for use as raw materials components of such heat-resistant composites as solutions, concretes, gun mixes, coatings. The research indicates rational ways of some heat-resistant binders application for utilization of mineral high-melting and heat-resistant industrial wastes. It proves that the enrichment of certain types of industrial waste, i.e. bringing the chemical composition of their components to the required state, allowed to expand the raw material base for the synthesis of heat-resistant binders and concrete in general. The use of sludge waste in the processes of synthesizing liquid phosphate binders allowed to obtain such effective binders as aluminophosphates and aluminocalciumphosphates. The research proves that application of technogenic wastes of non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises allows to receive heat-resistant materials solutions, concretes, coatings, gun mixes which characteristics are similar to their industrial analogues.

Город как объект эколого-экономических исследований: пример российских городов

The growth of environmental pollution especially in big cities dictates the need to search for the reasons of this trend, most of which refer to the economic sphere. The aim of this work is not only to describe the state of environment in Russian cities with the population of 100 thousand inhabitants and more, but also to reveal the main economic factors that influence on the intensity of their environmental pollution. The ecological and economic analysis of Russian cities, fulfilled in this work, helped to identify the most unfavourable of them in terms of the level of environmental impact. The low quality of environment in these cities is largely due to natural and climatic conditions (bad conditions for contaminants dispersion) and specifics of their economic development: functioning of large industrial enterprises of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, petro chemistry, construction industry. The conclusion is that to improve the environmental quality in these cities comprehensive social, environmental and economic solutions are required.

Integration of production as a way to improve the financial stability of non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises in the Far Eastern region of Russia

Article is devoted to a question of financial and economic stability of the enterprises. Uncertainty and instability of the external environment can lead to a slowdown in economic growth, to a decline in production and reduction of investment. In recent years, problems of financial instability and bankruptcy have grown into a category of economic security of the country. Annually for these reasons, thousands of businesses cease operations, which has a negative impact on the social and economic situation of the regions. The article examines the theoretical and methodological tools of financial stability of economic entities as an indicator of the effectiveness of the financial management system in commercial organizations. This is ensured by permanent solvency by maintaining a sufficient level of liquidity of assets (finished goods, receivables, short-term financial investments, etc.). The author made attempts to create a methodology for assessing the financial and economic sustainability of mining companies in the Far Eastern region that are engaged in the extraction and processing of non-ferrous metal ores in order to avoid their bankruptcy and as an exit - merger into a vertically integrated company. This will allow to connect the technological cycle at individual enterprises: from the extraction of raw materials and its processing to the production of high-value products and to increase their competitiveness both on the Russian market and on the world market.

Геохімія важких металів у грунтових відкладеннях зони впливу підприємств кольорової металургї

Studying of the total maintenance and forms of heavy metals in soils is the actual task. It is important as soils as national property play extremely important role in the future development ofUkraine. Objects of research had been selected soils in an influence zone The nonferrous metallurgy enterprises (factory "UkrZinc", Konstantinovka Donetsk area). Also for an estimation of degree of pollution and comparison of negative influence of the enterprise reserve soils «Homutovsky step» have been investigated. In a zone of researches soil adjournment are presented by chornozem with the average maintenance of organic. As a result of researches it is defined that physical and chemical characteristics of soils of a zone of influence of industrial complex and background territories cardinally differ. So, the sum absorbed cations ΣΕ it is considerable above in reserve soils. In the polluted soils the maintenance of C org and Ca + above in 10 and 4 times accordingly. By means of a method of phasic extracts forms of a finding of heavy metals in soils of the mentioned territories are defined. It is established that the maintenance of the mobile form of Cadmium makes 16 %, Zinc - 16,1 %, Copper - 14 %. It specifies in the raised migratory ability of these elements. The maintenance of mobile forms in the polluted soils considerably above than in conditionally pure. As a result of geochemical studying of territory the total maintenance of heavy metals in soils is defined, danger and concentration factors, an indicator of total pollution of territory are calculated. The average maintenance of heavy metals in a zone of influence of industrial complex exceeds background value and maximum permissible concentration in thousand times. On concentration factor it is allocated geochemical association: Cd (1,7•104)>> Pb (203)> Zn (53)> Mn. On a total indicator of pollution ZC the territory of researches is defined by a zone of ecological accident.

Deep Treatment of Copper Plant Waste Water Streams with Water Recycling

Reducing the negative environmental impact and securing the efficient use of water resources are key factors in the mining-metallurgical industry. At the enterprises of non-ferrous metallurgy the residual waters contaminated by a substantial amount of ions of heavy metals, sulphates and other impurities are formed. A promising way of their deep treatment consists in membrane technologies. This paper presents the results of pilot testing of ultrafiltration, electrodialysis, reverse osmosis and ion exchange technologies for purification residual waters of metallurgical enterprise of the Middle Ural. The possibility of using these technologies to achieve the final result – obtaining treated water, that meets the standards for fishery water bodies, is presented. It is reasonable to use the resulting water for the technical needs of the enterprise, which will significantly reduce the fresh water consumption and the environmental load, providing the ecological and economic benefits.

Analysis of the payout policy of non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises (on example of MMC "Norilsk Nickel"). Part 2

Analysis of the payout policy of non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises (on example of MMC "Norilsk Nickel"). Part 2

Analysis of the payout policy of non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises (on example of MMC "Norilsk Nickel"). Part 1

Analysis of the payout policy of non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises (on example of MMC "Norilsk Nickel"). Part 1

Термодинамический анализ пирометаллургической переработки вторичных пылей медеплавильных предприятий

The object of research is secondary dust formed during melting of metallurgical dusts, slags and clinker, containing copper, zinc, precious metals, etc., on a shaft (S) and thermal (T) furnaces, not having realization and technologies of further processing, of the following composition, % (S/T): 1,5/2,1 Cu; 35,0/14,2 Pb; 19,1/11,8 Zn; 10,7/31,6 As; 1,4/0,9 Sb; 3,7/3,5 S; 4,4/2,0 Fe; 1,8/6,3 CDs; 0,4/1,9 Sn; 0,3/0,6 Te; 0,5/0,4 Bi; 1,0/0,6 [g/t] of Au; 71,8/29,6 [g/t] of Ag. The purpose of the work consists in justification of pyrometallurgical technology of processing secondary dusts, providing extraction of lead and zinc in a collective concentrate (Pb–Zn product), and also transfer of arsenic to separate product suitable for disposal. When performing balance calculations of equilibrium compositions in heterogeneous system “gas – liquid – solid” the Equilibrium Composition function of the Outotec's Chemical Reaction and Equilibrium Software HSC Chemistry program was used. Made an assumption that products of the reduction smelting of secondary dusts are: a gas phase into which pass volatile compounds of sulfur, zinc, arsenic; the slag received with fluxes (CaO·SiO 2 ; Al 2 O 3 ); a matte-speiss phase – iron-arsenical compounds; a metal phase – a lead alloy. In the roasting mode (600–650 °C) of secondary dust undesirable transition of easily sublimated compounds of arsenic to a gas phase amplifies in process of increase of initial content of the element in raw materials and decrease of lime amount in furnace charge. During melting (1300–1350 °C) of the furnace charge containing secondary dust (~ 32 % of As) and specific amounts of components to the mass of dust, %: 25.0 lime; 80.0 Fe-turnings; 9.0 mineral coal, the matte-speiss phase of composition, %: 26.3–29.6 As; 59.3–61.4 Fe; 0.7–1.7 Pb; 0.1–0.2 Zn has been received, which can be considered as the As-product suitable for disposal. Application of thermodynamic prediction (Equilibrium Composition function) with a variation of specific amounts of the following components of furnace charge to the mass of secondary dust, %: 1.0–14.5 Na 2 O; 0.7–9.7 SiO 2 ; 1.3–14.8 CaO; 4.1–31.1 FeO; 1–10 C; 20–47 Fe, showed that decreasing the amount of reducers (Fe, FeO, C) and increasing the amount of flux components (CaO, Na 2 O, SiO 2 ) in the system in the studied intervals, it is possible to increase the content of arsenic in the slag phase from ~ 20 to ~ 65 %. Range of application of results is the prediction of equilibrium compositions of the formed phases at pyrometallurgical processing of the intermediate products and wastage of the enterprises of nonferrous metallurgy.

Снижение налоговой нагрузки как условие повышения конкурентоспособности предприятий цветной металлургии

Снижение налоговой нагрузки как условие повышения конкурентоспособности предприятий цветной металлургии

Analysis of environment state in technogenic region and its threat to public health.

The purpose of the research is to give a complex hygienic evaluation of environment state in Donetsk region and to determine the degree of their potential danger to population health. It includes air pollution, water contamination, state of soil. Nearly 43000 samples of air, 32000 drinking water samples and 4500 soil samples were analyzed. Regions with the highest rate of environmental pollution were defined. It was found that the main sources of environment pollution in Donetsk region are ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy enterprises, power, coal, building industry and transport. All other sources ac­count for only 5-10% of total emissions. Level of harmful technogenic pressing on population’s health was determined.

WORKING CONDITIONS АND MORTALITY AMONG MEN OF WORKING AGE IN RUSSIA (EXPERIENCE OF MURMANSK REGION)

To study the mortality of the male population of working age in the industrial cities depending on the specifics of the town-forming enterprises. In three cities in the Murmansk region, where the town-forming enterprises of non-ferrous metallurgy (Monchegorsk, Kandalaksha) and the mining industry (Kirovsk) are located, the capital of the region (Murmansk), and in the country as a whole has been studied of mortality on average for 6-year period (2000-2005) age-standardized death rates (direct method). Comparative analysis of the causes and death rates in males of working age has shown that in all the studied cities of Murmansk region there were higher death rates in men of working age from diseases of the circulatory system (in 1,3-2,0 times) and diseases of the respiratory system (in 1,1-1,8 times) in comparison with Russia. In industrial cities, compared with Murmansk, higher death rates of male population of working age from causes which etiologically are connected with harmful factors of manufacture have been registered: from cardiovascular diseases--in 1,1-1,5 times and respiratory diseases--in 1,2-1,6 times. In cities where non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises are located, concerning to cancerogenic, death rates from malignant neoplasms have been raised in 1,2-1,4 times. This happens, in particular, in Monchegorsk where Open Joint-Stock Company "Severonickel Combine" enterprise is located. Mortality from lip, oral cavity and pharynx cancer raised in 1,8 times: the localization specific at influence of nickel.

Processing of technogenic lead-containing intermediates using complexing agent solutions

Methods are reviewed for processing technogenic lead-containing waste from nonferrous metallurgy enterprises. Use of different amine and phosphorus-containing complexing agents is considered. Process characteristics are provided.

Study of elastic mechanical and physicochemical properties of refractory objects with the aim of predicting the endurance of a nonferrous metallurgy unit lining

The construction of contemporary laboratory units, procedures for studying the elastic mechanical and physicochemical properties of different composition, both original, and impregnated with molten slag-matte of copper composition are developed with the aim of determining nonferrous metallurgy unit lining endurance,. The procedures developed using new laboratory devices making it possible to predict nonferrous metallurgy unit lining endurance with sufficient accuracy. On the basis of studies using the new procedures combined highly resistant linings are created and introduced for horizontal converters and aWaelz kiln for a number of nonferrous metallurgy enterprises.

Development of the production of fuzed oxide materials

Oxide materials Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , MgO, and Cr 2 O 3 and others have a high melting temperature and are used extensively in the production of refractories, ceramics and abrasives. The highest indices of the required properties are exhibited by fuzed and fuzed cast materials and objects prepared on the basis of these oxides. Fuzed cast refractories are characterized by the absence of permeable porosity, high structural density indices, thermomechanical strength and corrosion resistance in corrosive media. They are used extensively in the most critical parts of lining heating units subject to high intensity wear [1]. In the period 1990‐2005 new production of fuzed cast refractories of various types was organized in Belgium, Australia, India, China (eight plants), and in Ukraine. Within Russia in this period, not only was not a single factory constructed for producing these materials, but there was a significant reduction in the volume of production at two specialized enterprises, i.e., Shcherbinka Plant for Electromelted Refractories and Podolskogneupor. Technology for the production of fuzed cast refractories in these enterprises is considerably antiquated and this makes it impossible to produce high quality and corrosion resistant materials, i.e., high alumina and chromium-containing materials for special branches of industry. The requirements of these branches, having an important state value, are satisfied by import suppliers, and the enterprises are becoming dependent upon overseas refractory suppliers. One of the main areas of activity for the fuzed oxide materials laboratory (FOML) of the Department of Nonferrous, Rare, and Precious Metal Metallurgy of MISiS is creation of promising fused oxide materials, primarily fuzed cast corundum and chromium-containing refractories with the aim of organizing industrial test production based on nonferrous metallurgy enterprises. A number of alumina and electrometallurgical enterprises exist, which successfully produce different forms of product based on alumina and aluminum. An example of producing liquid product based on electromelted alumina is the production in RUSAL Boksitogorsk of fuzed corundum materials, that are used as abrasives and refractories in wide demand, not only within Russia but also abroad. Large scale enterprises abroad are organized that apart from lump, granular and powder fuzed corundum materials produce fuzed cast corundum components. In an alumina combine in Hungary fuzed cast corundum refractory components are manufactured with an Al 2 O 3 content of 94‐99%. Previously in the USSR and currently within Russia all requirements for fuzed cast high-alumina materials with a content of more than 90% Al 2 O 3 are only satisfied as a result of imported supplies. A number of very important branches producing optical, electro-vacuum, light engineering and other forms of glass for