Non-destructive Analysis Research Articles

Temperature-Dependent Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of Li/Li Symmetric Cells and Li/MnO2 Batteries

Understanding the electrochemical properties of Lithium metal is a crucial step for developing and optimizing rechargeable batteries with lithium metal anodes. During discharge, the lithium metal is oxidized, generating dissolved lithium cations. Transport of the ions to the electrolyte is a significant part of this process. To investigate this process, temperature-dependent EIS experiments are done to independently measure the resistance due to this transport and, eventually, the activation energy.Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is a non-destructive analysis method mainly employed for studying the characteristics of electrochemical energy storage systems. EIS can be invaluable in isolating and studying buried interfaces without physically separating individual components. The anodic process, specifically the charge transfer through the solid-electrolyte interface can be studied without any influence of the rest of the processes.In this study, we built and measured the Potentiostatic EIS of both symmetric (Li/Li) and batteries (Li/MnO2). Button size (CR 2032) cells were constructed with different battery-grade electrolytes. A symmetric cell can isolate the processes related to metallic lithium. In contrast, a battery type (with an anode and a cathode) can differentiate the effect of the cathode on the anode. A broad range of temperatures (15ᵒC to 65ᵒC) was achieved with a Peltier-powered, homemade climate chamber. The limiting factors were selected according to the freezing and boiling temperatures of the electrolyte systems. Cycling of symmetric cells and discharging of batteries were performed, and the cells were measured after cycling/discharging.The evaluation of the spectra as a function of temperature and states-of-charge can give a comprehensive understanding of metallic Li and the oxidation process. The resistance modeling the transport as well as the capacitance values were investigated as functions of temperature. The change in resistance values at different temperatures resulted in not only Arrhenius behavior but also regions where Arrhenius behavior is violated.Interpretation of the temperature dependence provides a detailed understanding of the underlying electrochemical phenomena involving the metallic lithium anode. The effect of electrolytes on Li+ conductance can also be interpreted from the achieved results.

Operando Hard X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy for Observing Interfacial Electrochemical Reactions in All-Solid-State Batteries

All-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASS-LIBs) have been attracting wide attention for their potential superior performance, such as high safety and long cycle life compared with the conventional lithium-ion batteries with liquid organic electrolytes. However, one of the critical problems of the ASS-LIBs for wide spread applications, especially for electric vehicles, is the large interfacial resistance across the electrode/solid electrolyte (SE)1. When an electrode and SE come into contact, some mobile ions are redistributed at the interface according to their potential difference2,3. In addition, the distribution of the mobile ions and electric potential are also changed during the battery operations. Therefore, dynamic observation of their distribution across the electrode/SE interface is essential to identify and control the origin of the interfacial resistance.Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) is capable of nondestructive analysis of the elemental composition, oxidation states and electronic structure of sample surfaces and interfaces including those buried with over layers at depth > 10 nm[4].In this study, we developed a laboratory-based operando HAXPES system equipped with a Cr-Kα source (5414.9 eV), which enables angle-resolved measurements of and bias applications to the sample transferred without air-exposure, and applied it to the charging/discharging reactions of a LiCoO2 (LCO) positive electrode deposited on a Li6.6La3Zr1.6Ta0.4O12 (LLZT) solid electrolyte in a half cell configuration. HAXPES measurements were performed while the LCO electrode was electrically grounded to a hemispherical analyzer.The galvanostatic charge/discharge potential profiles exhibited a characteristic plateau due to delithiation of a O3-LiCoO2 at ~3.9 V vs. Li+/Li5. In the Co 2p 3/2 region of the pristine cell, a sharp intense main peak and a broad satellite peak typical to a LCO were observed. At the charged states, however, the main peak was asymmetrically broadened to the higher binding energy. The main peak was deconvoluted into two peaks at 780 eV and ~781 eV, corresponding to Co3+ ions and Co4+ ions, respectively. The full width half maximums (FWHMs) of the Co4+ ions peak increased at charged states, while that of the Co3+ ions peak was remained unchanged. Furthermore, the relative areas of satellite peak decreased at the charged states. These results suggest that Co3+ ions were oxidized to the Co4+ ions by delithiation of the LCO electrode6,7. After the subsequent discharging, the component of higher binding energy of the main peaks decreased, and the satellite peak increased. In addition, the FWHMs of the Co4+ ions peak decreased, suggesting that the Co4+ ions were reduced by lithiation into the LCO electrode during discharging. Thus, the lithiation/delithiation of LCO was successfully observed by operando HAXPES.References N. Ohta, K. Takada, L. Zhang, R. Ma, M. Osada and T. Sasaki, Advanced Materials, 18, 2226 (2006) K. Yamamoto, Y. Iriyama, T. Asaka, T. Hirayama, H. Fujita, C. A. Fisher, K. Nonaka, Y. Sugita and Z. Ogumi, Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 49, 4414 (2010) J. Haruyama, K. Sodeyama, L. Han, K. Takada and Y. Tateyama, Chemistry of Materials, 26, 4248 (2014) N. K. F. Curran Kalha, Prajna Bhatt, et al., Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 33, 233001 (2021) J. N. Reimers and J. R. Dahn, The Electrochemical Society, 139, 2091 (1992) L. Dahéron, R. Dedryvère, H. Martinez, M. Ménétrier, C. Denage, C. Delmas and D. Gonbeau, Chemistry of Materials (2008) H. Kiuchi, K. Hikima, K. Shimizu, R. Kanno, F. Toshiharu and E. Matsubara, Electrochemistry Communications, 118, 106790 (2020)

New robotic tools for multimodal non-destructive analysis and characterization of 2D and 3D objects

New robotic tools for multimodal non-destructive analysis and characterization of 2D and 3D objects

A new computer vision workflow to assess yield quality traits in bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Quality assessments of horticultural products are still often carried out manually in breeding contexts, although computer vision systems have been reported to be able to overcome the limitations of manual assessments, e.g. in automated food processing. Here, a new computer vision workflow for quality trait assessment of bush bean pods (Phaseolus vulgaris) is introduced to replace physical measurements and visual scorings of expert breeders, while increasing consistency, accuracy, and objectivity of the measurements. A closed imaging box was used to take images of bean pods from 40 different varieties to develop and validate computer vision workflows to assess breeding relevant shape and color traits of bean pods. For the detection of beaks and peduncles via a neural network approach (Mask R-CNN) accuracies of 95.5% were reached. Computer vision estimations and manual reference measurements of length and caliber were highly correlated (R=0.99). Also, curvature and brightness of green bean pods well- correlated with visual scorings of expert breeders (R=0.81, R=-0.87). A Random Forest Classifier was trained to distinguish yellow and extremely rare bicolored pods and a cross validation accuracy of 83 ±7% was reached. An additional backlight LED panel enabled non-destructive analysis of seed formation inside the pod and promising results were achieved using a Faster R-CNN model. This new computer vision workflow provides the opportunity to replace well-established manual workflows for quality trait assessment of bush bean pods as it is more objective, reliable, and considerably faster.

SERS with Flexible β-CD@AuNP/PTFE Substrates for In Situ Detection and Identification of PAH Residues on Fruit and Vegetable Surfaces Combined with Lightweight Network.

The detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on fruit and vegetable surfaces is important for protecting human health and ensuring food safety. In this study, a method for the in situ detection and identification of PAH residues on fruit and vegetable surfaces was developed using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based on a flexible substrate and lightweight deep learning network. The flexible SERS substrate was fabricated by assembling β-cyclodextrin-modified gold nanoparticles (β-CD@AuNPs) on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film coated with perfluorinated liquid (β-CD@AuNP/PTFE). The concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), naphthalene (Nap), and pyrene (Pyr) residues on fruit and vegetable surfaces could be detected at 0.25, 0.5, and 0.25 μg/cm2, respectively, and all the relative standard deviations (RSD) were less than 10%, indicating that the β-CD@AuNP/PTFE exhibited high sensitivity and stability. The lightweight network was then used to construct a classification model for identifying various PAH residues. ShuffleNet obtained the best results with accuracies of 100%, 96.61%, and 97.63% for the training, validation, and prediction datasets, respectively. The proposed method realised the in situ detection and identification of various PAH residues on fruit and vegetables with simplicity, celerity, and sensitivity, demonstrating great potential for the rapid, nondestructive analysis of surface contaminant residues in the food-safety field.

Obsidian Artifacts from Multiple Sources and Subsources at Valdesi in Western Sicily

Forty-two obsidian artifacts excavated at the site of Valdesi in western Sicily were analyzed to determine their geological sources and to reconstruct trade patterns. Non-destructive analysis was performed using a portable, non-destructive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, with the calibrated element’s composition values compared directly with a dataset of geological samples from the Mediterranean and European sources that were analyzed with the same instrument. The results, based on straightforward X-Y graphs using the trace elements Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, and Nb, showed the presence of obsidian from two subsources on Lipari (Gabellotto Gorge, Canneto Dentro), two on Pantelleria (Balata dei Turchi, Lago di Venere), and one on Sardinia. The majority coming from Lipari coincided with the location of Valdesi, and nearly 20% came from Pantelleria, both consistent with the overall distribution patterns for Sicily, while the one from Sardinia is a unique discovery. These results are discussed in terms of the time period and context for Valdesi, as well as the open-water and land-based routes that must have been taken.

Enhancing the Performance and Durability of Commercial Vehicle Cargo Box Frames through Modal Analysis

The cargo box frame (CBF) is the main structure of a commercial vehicle designed to handle loads and components during travel. The chassis is subject to vibrations caused by rough roads and the components mounted on it. This study proposes a procedure for analyzing and validating CBF structures using a combination of non-destructive modal analysis and finite element analysis to investigate the vibration characteristics of the four-wheel CBF, including its natural frequency and mode shapes. The CBF’s response to various load conditions, including stress distribution and displacement, was analyzed. The results show that the actuation frequency can affect a truck’s chassis due to the CBF’s natural frequency falling within the excitation range. The resulting mode shape can improve CBF strength, reduce weight, identify defective welds, and determine optimal mounting locations based on the center of gravity (CG) for components such as side-swing doors and cold room panels.

Investigating physiological responses of Wild Rocket subjected to artificial Ultraviolet B irradiation

Utilization of ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) is a way to encourage the accumulation of phytochemicals such as glucosinolates, carotenoids, phenolics and flavonoids in plants. In the current research, UV-B treatments were performed, as a possible elicitation strategy to promote the secondary metabolites accumulation in wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC). After performing the destructive analysis, it has been found that the concentration of chlorophyl a and b as well as carotenoids decreased in response to the UV-B stress. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay has been performed to investigate the membranes damage caused by the UV-B radiation. The analyses confirmed that the highest UV-B tested dose induced the greater damage. Interestingly, an increase of phenolic index, and an accumulation of anthocyanins and glucosinolates has been recorded under the successive exposure of varying UV-B doses. The total sugars, reducing sugars and sucrose buildup were also remarkable. Non-destructive analysis revealed a decline in the overall performance of the UV-B treated plants as well as the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II. A decrease in the chlorophyll estimates while an enhanced flavanols and anthocyanins were observed through non-destructive readings. Results of this study not only provided a feasible UV-B dose selection and supplementation for the wild rocket but also the understanding about enhanced phytochemical accumulation in plants against UV-B stress.

Non-destructive spectroscopic diagnostic tools for the assessment of the mechanical strength of 3D-printed PLA

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable and biocompatible thermoplastic that is commonly used in 3D printing. Despite being widely utilized, PLA is susceptible to degradation by both UV light and hydrothermal conditions. This study investigated the effects of 3D printing temperature, UV light exposure, and hydrothermal aging on the properties of PLA. Samples were 3D printed at temperatures of 190, 205, 220 and 235 °C. The specimens were then aged under UV light and thermal cycling or hydrothermally at 80 °C for up to 6 weeks. The aged materials were then characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermos-gravimetric analysis (TGA), microscopy, mechanical testing, and ultimately Raman spectroscopy.Results showed that the PLA cristallinity increases with aging time in both hydrothermal and under UV exposure conditions, while mechanical strength decreases. Additionally, the UV exposure caused the formation of monomers and oligomers on the outermost layers. Printing temperature was shown to play only a minor role in the determination of the chemophysical properties of the 3D printed components, with faster degradation occurring on samples printed at higher temperatures, which also resulted in higher amounts of monomer when exposed to UV light for 6 weeks.The relative intensities of specific regions of the Raman spectra obtained on the aged samples could be successfully correlated with both the mechanical strength and chemo-physical properties such as the decomposition temperature. The algorithms developed in this study enable non-destructive analysis of PLA components, allowing for the determination of the extent of structural degradation due to environmental aging and the expected residual mechanical resistance.

Non-Destructive Elemental Analysis of Raster Roller Damage Using X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Despite numerous methods to optimise their operation and parameters, anilox rolls are subject to rapid wear during use and due to improper cleaning processes. Therefore, regular diagnosis is needed. In this study, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis based on Fe and Cr was used to determine the elemental compositions of raster cylinder coatings. Due to the layered composition of the anilox roll, where Cr2O3 coating is applied on the iron core, evaluation of the composition of the roll surface can be used to detection of anilox damage. A portable XRF apparatus was used to identify selected elements even at low concentrations of <1%. In this work, it was proved that XRF can be a preliminary, rapid method for assessing the technical condition of an anilox cylinder. The XRF technique can be safely used in non-destructive chemical analyses of the anilox rollers’ condition in flexographic printing technology, and chemical information that aids in their use may be routinely obtained, thus enabling high-quality printing. This is a pioneering study in which the XRF spectroscopy technique was successfully used to anilox roll condition assessment.

Density-Functional Study of the Si/SiO2 Interfaces in Short-Period Superlattices: Vibrational States and Raman Spectra

Raman spectroscopy has proven its effectiveness as a highly informative and sensitive method for the nondestructive analysis of layered nanostructures and their interfaces. However, there is a lack of information concerning the characteristic phonon modes and their activity in Si/SiO2 nanostructures. In order to overcome this problem, the phonon states and Raman spectra of several Si/SiO2 superlattices (SL) with layer thicknesses varied within 0.5–2 nm are studied using DFT-based computer modeling. Two types of structures with different interfaces between crystalline silicon and SiO2 cristobalite were studied. A relationship between the phonon states of heterosystems and the phonon modes of the initial crystals was established. Estimates of the parameters of deformation potentials are obtained, with the help of which the shifts of phonon frequencies caused by elastic strains in the materials of the SL layers are interpreted. The dependence of intense Raman lines on the SL structure has been studied. Several ways have been proposed to use this information, both for identifying the type of interface and for estimating the structural parameters. The obtained information will be useful for the spectroscopic characterization of the silicon/oxide interfaces.

Methodological add-ons to a non-destructive, micro-CT-based taxonomic/morphometric analysis of characean remains

Ever since its introduction, computed tomography has come a long way. No longer is it merely a method that is used in clinical diagnostics, but it is becoming more and more popular among palaeontologists because it can be used to analyse both external and internal structures of fossil remains, such as small insects, snail shells and plant remains. The present study describes non-destructive analyses of Late Cretaceous and early Holocene charophyte gyrogonites by using the micro-CT technique, from sample preparation (embedding, fixing) to visualisation and assessment of images obtained. In addition to this non-destructive examination, we wished to test whether or not computed tomography could be used to examine the gyrogonites. Our preliminary results have made it clear that the micro-CT technique is worth employing for further research. It has proved possible to visualise the samples in 3D, rotate them, and observe them from different directions. By using the appropriate parameters, we have also been able to observe density differences between parts of characean remains and to study several important defining features of these.

Monitoring of water distribution in meat upon freezing with X-ray computed tomography

The freezing speed influences the growth and spatial distribution of ice inf frozen meat. The formation of ice crystals dehydrates the fibres and can damage the cell structure. This influences the drip loss after thawing and reduces tenderness, which is an important eating characteristic of red meat. A better understanding of ice formation and an efficient method for analysing ice distribution can lead to improved freezing processes in food production. This work demonstrates X-ray computed tomography as a novel method suitable for determining and visualising the ice volume fraction in frozen meat, which is important because ice formation has consequences for meat quality (drip loss on thawing, loss of juiciness and tenderness after cooking). The results obtained are in agreement with the phenomenological predictions of the literature and extend the known microscopy methods with a non-destructive and time efficient analysis technique that provides information about the amount of ice formed and its spatial distribution in frozen meat.

Fully nondestructive analysis of capsaicinoids electrochemistry data with deep neural network enables portable system.

Electrochemical methods have been extensively applied for the detection of chemical information from food or other analytes. However, existing electrochemical methods are limited to focusing solely on the absorption peaks and disregard much of the hidden chemical fingerprint information. Consequently, electrochemical sensors are constrained by their ability to detect samples containing multiple source-material mixtures with overlapping constituents. We hypothesized that the target substances can be effectively identified and detected using differential sensor data combined with artificial intelligence (AI). In this study, we developed a novel signal array composed of five metal electrodes and used a convolutional neural network (CNN) model for feature extraction to detect capsaicinoids in stews. Our results indicate that the proposed method achieved satisfactory predictions with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 5.407 in independent brine samples. This provides a promising strategy and practical approach for the nondestructive analysis of multidimensional electrochemical data of mixed analytes.

Comparison of Modal Parameter Estimation Methods and Investigation of Railway Sleepers by Non-Destructive SISO-type Vibroacoustic Modal Analyses

Bilgisayar ve sensör teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler, titreşim ve ses verilerinin, yüksek çözünürlük ve örnekleme hızlarıyla, ağır iklimsel şartlar altında dahi kayıt altına alınabilmesini sağlamıştır. Bu kritik verilerin, uzay, havacılık, savunma, tıp, afet yönetimi ve her çeşit mühendislik branşında farklı amaçlarla kullanılabilmesi için sürekli yeni yöntemler geliştirilmektedir. Bunlardan biri de tahribatsız modal parametre belirleme yöntemleridir. Bu yöntemler içerisinde ise, günümüzde dünyada en yaygın kullanılan ve kabul göreni, titreşim esaslı deneysel modal analizlerdir (EMA). Ancak bu metodun, temaslı ölçüm gerektirmesi ve lokal ölçüm alması gibi önemli dezavantajları söz konusudur. Bu dezavantajlar, çeşitli sektörlerde analizleri yapılan birçok unsur için geçerli olup, demiryolu taşıt bileşenlerinin veya demiryolu yapı elemanlarının analizleri de buna örnek teşkil etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, literatürde ender incelenmiş bir metot olan, vibro-akustik modal analizlerin (VMT), bu bağlamda, EMA için uygun bir alternatif olup olmayacağı araştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, literatürde tespit edilen eksiklikler dikkate alınarak hazırlanan VMT ve EMA test düzenekleri kullanılarak demiryolu traversleri üzerinde karşılaştırmalı modal analizler yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, hazırlanan SISO-tipi VMT test metodunun; belirli bir frekans aralığındaki rezonans frekansı, sönümleme oranı ve mod şekillerinin tahminlerinde, EMA metodu kadar hassas ve tutarlı sonuçlar verebildiği belirlenmiştir.

Three-dimensional micro-X-ray topography using focused sheet-shaped X-ray beam

X-ray topography is a powerful method for analyzing crystal defects and strain in crystalline materials non-destructively. However, conventional X-ray topography uses simple X-ray diffraction images, which means depth information on defects and dislocations cannot be obtained. We have therefor developed a novel three-dimensional micro-X-ray topography technique (3D μ-XRT) that combines Bragg-case section topography with focused sheet-shaped X-rays. The depth resolution of the 3D μ-XRT depends mainly on the focused X-ray beam size and enables non-destructive observation of internal defects and dislocations with an accuracy on the order of 1 μm. The demonstrative observation of SiC power device chips showed that stacking faults, threading screw, threading edge, and basal plane dislocations were clearly visualized three-dimensionally with a depth accuracy of 1.3 μm. 3D μ-XRT is a promising new approach for highly sensitive and non-destructive analysis of material crystallinity in a three-dimensional manner.

Assessment of extra virgin olive oil quality by miniaturized near infrared instruments in a rapid and non-destructive procedure

Food fraud in olive oil is a major concern for consumers and authorities due to the health risks and economic impacts. Common frauds include blending with other cheaper non-olive oils, or misleading labelling. The main issue is that legislation and methods presently used in routine laboratories are not always up to date with current fraudulent practices, making detection difficult, so new analytical methods development is required.This study focuses on developing an affordable and non-destructive analysis method based on NIR spectroscopy and chemometrics for EVOO quality assessment, specifically by monitoring 7 parameters of interest in EVOO measured by official methods and used to develop calibrations through NIR data. For this, two NIR low-cost portable instruments were employed, studied in-depth and compared with a NIR benchtop instrument. Calibration results enabled detection of atypical olive oils and excellent accuracy, especially for palmitic and oleic acid predictions, demonstrating the potential of the instruments.

The ultra-wideband near-infrared luminescence properties and applications of K2SrGe8O18:Cr3+ phosphor

The near-infrared (NIR) light sources are fascinating in real-time nondestructive examination applications. Given that chemical bonds in organic substances (such as C–H, O–H and N–H) have extensive absorption and reflection of light in the NIR region, the emission spectrum of the NIR light sources should be as broad as possible. In this work, ultra-wideband K2SrGe8O18 (KSGO):Cr3+ NIR-emitting phosphors with a 650–1200 nm emission span are developed. Structural analysis combined with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), photoluminescence (PL) spectra, time-resolved spectrum (TRES) and temperature-dependent PL spectra confirm that the super broadband emission with full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 214 nm originates from the double Cr3+ luminescence centers occupying different [GeO6] octahedra. Li+ ion as charge compensator is introduced to balance the negative charge induced by the un-equivalent replacement of Cr3+ for Ge4+, and the PL intensity and thermal stability are greatly enhanced. The NIR phosphor-converted luminescent diodes (pc-LEDs) prepared by combining optimized KSGO:0.10Cr3+, 0.07Li+ samples with 460 nm LED chips demonstrate their application in night vision. The measured absorption spectra of hemoglobin, water, ethyl alcohol and peanut oil illuminated by the as-prepared KSGO:0.10Cr3+, 0.07Li+ phosphors indicate nondestructive analysis in the areas of food safety.

Comprehensive analysis and economic study of railway brake failure from metal-based and composites-based materials

The brake system is one of the most critical components in transportation, especially for massive machines such as trains. Brake components decelerate the train by using friction force between the train wheels and the brake block. The efficacy of a brake system strongly depends on the quality of the material components, especially the brake blocks. This study investigated the failure brake block on three different model of brake blocks used in Indonesia (grey cast iron, composite, and magnetic composite). Several characteristics and evaluations are used, i.e., non-destructive surface analysis, microhardness, Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) analysis, and computational Finite Element Method (FEM). The microscopic analysis showed severe conditions at the non-magnetic brake, followed by the magnetic brake. The roughness test indicates that the Ra value for the magnetic brake is higher than the non-magnetic composite brake, with 4.59 and 4.08, respectively. The micro hardness test revealed that in metal-based materials indentation, the results showed magnetic composite has the highest value followed by cast iron and non-magnetic composite with 306, 283, and 218, respectively. In EDX examination, magnetic brakes have filler materials such as Calcium Carbonate and Wollastonite that create better performance. The study showed that the magnetic composite brake blocks demonstrate adequate resistance to failure due to the composite's filler material, which acts as a reinforcing agent.

Rapid and nondestructive identification of adulterate capsules by NIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics

This study aims to develop a rapid and non-destructive method to identify counterfeit and substandard drugs, addressing the critical need for better quality control in drug production. According to the reasons for counterfeit products in actual production, the commonly used solid preparation excipients such as HPMC, MCC, Mg-St and Pregelatinized Starch, as well as three chemical drugs with similar efficacy to Guizhi-Fuling (GZFL) Capsule as adulterants, including Aspirin, Ibuprofen and Sinomenine Hydrochloride were selected and designed as adulteration samples with different levels of adulteration. NIR spectra were collected in a non-invasive mode and analyzed by one-class classification methods. The feasibility of using Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy as a detection method to qualitatively identify adulterated samples was explored at three packaging levels of powder, intact capsules and capsules in PVC. The differences between the samples were analyzed by NIR spectra comparison, cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The performance of SVM, OCPLS and DD-SIMCA models in dealing with the authentication of genuine and counterfeit products was established and compared. The results show that the spectra contain sample information and the adulterated samples could be discriminated correctly by established models. Moreover, applying appropriate spectral preprocessing methods can further improve the model's performance. In addition, a PLS regression model was developed to predict the adulteration levels of the three packing level samples, which yielded satisfactory results. This study highlights the potential of NIR spectroscopy combined with Chemometrics as a rapid and non-destructive testing analysis method to accurately identify counterfeit and substandard drugs, thereby ensuring drug quality.