The effect of synthesis way of TiO2coatings on biocompatibility of transplanted materials using anin vitroandin vivorat model was investigated. TiO2layers were synthesized by a nonaqueous sol-gel dip-coating method on stainless steel 316L substrates applying two different precursors and their combination. Morphology and topography of newly formed biomaterials were determined as well as chemical composition and elemental distribution of a surface samples.In vitrotests were conducted by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells cultured on TiO2coatings and stainless steel without coatings to assess the bioreactivity of obtained materials. A positive biological effect of TiO2/316L/1 coatings—based on titanium(IV) ethoxide—was found in bothin vitroandin vivomodels. The TiO2/316L/1 exhibited the highest roughness and the lowest titanium concentration in TiO2than TiO2/316L/2—based on titanium(IV) propoxide and TiO2/316L/3—based on both above-mentioned precursors. The proper fibroblast-like morphology and higher proliferation rate of cells cultured on TiO2/316L/1 were observed when compared to the other biomaterials. No inflammatory response in the bone surrounding implant covered by each of the obtained TiO2was present. Our results showed that improvement of routinely used stainless steel 316L with TiO2/316L/1 layer can stimulate beneficial biological response.