Noble Metal-free Electrocatalysts Research Articles

Noble metal-free N-doped carbon-based electrocatalysts for air electrode of rechargeable zinc-air battery

Noble metal-free N-doped carbon-based electrocatalysts for air electrode of rechargeable zinc-air battery

Rod-like CoMoO4 grows on lamellar Fe-MOF to assemble the composite electrocatalyst for efficient oxygen evolution reaction

There is an urgent need to design effective and affordable noble metal-free oxygen evolution electrocatalysts for the realization of hydrogen production technology through overall water splitting. In this work, we synthesized CoMoO4/Fe-MOF composite catalysts on nickel foam by solvothermal method and explored them as electrodes towards oxygen evolution reaction. At 10 mA cm-2, CoMoO4/Fe-MOF demonstrated a small overpotential of 238 mV, with a relatively small Tafel slope of 49.22 mV dec-1 and exhibited excellent stability after 30 h of testing. The enhanced OER activity and good durability of CoMoO4/Fe-MOF could be attributed to the self-supported growth of Fe-MOF nanosheets as well as the tight binding to the rod-like CoMoO4. The coupling of CoMoO4 with Fe-MOF established a rich boundary, thus improving conductivity, increasing specific surface area and exposing more active sites. These results suggested that the combination of MOFs with binary transition metal oxides provided an effective route to develop robust and efficient electrocatalysts.

Holey carbon-nanotube-wrapped MXene for hydrogen evolution reactions and supercapacitor applications

In recent years, interest in noble metal-free catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HERs) and supercapacitor (SCs) applications has emerging for altering the high-price of the catalyst and prohibiting the dissolution/phase change of the catalysts in long term performances. In this study, we present a novel noble metal-free electrocatalyst composed of holey carbon nanotubes (h-CNTs) and MXene nanocomposites for electrocatalytic HERs and SCs. By wrapping h-CNTs into the surface of the MXene sheet, we address the limitations of pure MXenes and achieve superior electrochemical performance. Specifically, MXenes containing 20 wt% h-CNTs exhibit a low overpotential of 192 mV versus RHE and a small Tafel slope of 48.95 mV dec−1 at 10 mA cm−2 in 0.5 M H2SO4 with excellent cyclic stability. The presence of CO functional groups and the existence of a holey in CNT probably enhanced the electrocatalytic activity. The excellent wrapping of h-CNTs on MXene efficiently exhibited the HER performances because of their individual effect and the arising of synergy, where the excellent interaction attained between the immobilized atom in the h-CNT and MXene. For SCs, MXenes containing 15 wt% h-CNTs display the highest specific capacitance of 404 F g−1 at 4 A/g with excellent cyclic stability, maintaining 80% capacity after 4000 cycles at 10 A/g at ambient temperature in 2 M KOH. Furthermore, the MXene@h-CNT nanocomposite was subjected to density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Our findings demonstrate that the newly developed nanocomposite offers a promising route to boost HER and SCs performance for a wide range of technological applications.

A Green Synthesis of CoFe2O4 Decorated ZIF-8 Composite for Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution.

Low-cost, sustainable hydrogen production requires noble metal-free electrocatalysts for water splitting. In this study, we prepared zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF) decorated with CoFe2O4 spinel nanoparticles as active catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by converting agricultural bio-waste (potato peel extract) into economically valuable electrode materials. The biogenic CoFe2O4 composite showed an overpotential of 370 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 and a low Tafel slope of 283 mV dec-1, whereas the ZIF@CoFe2O4 composite prepared using an in situ hydrothermal method showed an overpotential of 105 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and a low Tafel slope of 43 mV dec-1 in a 1 M KOH medium. The results demonstrated an exciting prospect of high-performance noble metal-free electrocatalysts for low-cost, high-efficiency, and sustainable hydrogen production.

Bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts with WN@Ni nanostructures implanted on N-doped carbon nanorods for rechargeable Zn-Air batteries

Achieving the rational design of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) bifunctional noble metal-free electrocatalysts has become one of the key research areas for the application of rechargeable Zn-air batteries (ZABs), which still remains a significant challenge. Herein, an in-situ polyaniline nitriding strategy has been developed to fabricate WN-Ni heterostructured catalysts. Polyaniline serves as both the carbon source and the N species that can in situ release gas (NH3) to produce the WN phase. As-fabricated WN-Ni heterostructured catalyst exhibits excellent activity towards ORR and OER, in which the half-wave potential is 0.76 V for ORR, and the over-potential for OER is 1.68 V at 10 mA cm−2. Due to its exceptional ORR/OER activities, the assembled rechargeable ZAB obtains a high power density of 165 mW cm−2. It also exhibits outstanding stability after being subjected to a discharge-charge cycle procedure (>400 h). The remarkable activity of the WN-Ni heterostructured materials should be attributed to their hierarchical nanorod-nanoparticle structure, proper crystallinity of WN-Ni, and good charge/mass transfer ability, which effectively regulate the electron redistribution at the WN-Ni heterointerface and facilitate the charge transfer between two entities.

Holey MXene nanosheets intimately coupled with ultrathin Ni–Fe layered double hydroxides for boosted hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions

Although Ni–Fe layered double hydroxides (LDH) are considered as efficient noble metal-free electrocatalysts for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), their overall electrocatalytic performance still needs to be significantly enhanced to satisfy the requirements of practical water splitting systems. Herein, we demonstrate the reasonable design and controllable fabrication of holey Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets intimately coupled with ultrathin Ni–Fe LDHs (LDH/H–Ti3C2Tx) through a combined in situ oxidative etching and hydrothermal assembly strategy. Such a newly-developed nanoarchitecture with abundant in-plane holes not only creates a sophisticated three-dimensional (3D) ion diffusion model to shorten the diffusion path of reactants, but also exposes a large number of extra catalytically active sites as well as guarantees a high charge transfer rate, which enable to dramatically accelerate the electrochemical HER and OER kinetics. As a consequence, the resulting LDH/H–Ti3C2Tx catalyst affords exceptional HER and OER performance with low overpotentials, small Tafel plots and excellent cycling stability, far outperforming the bare Ni–Fe LDHs and Ti3C2Tx catalysts. This work is expected to open up a new avenue to the confined growth of active nanomaterials on holey MXene nanosheets and promote their applications in the energy-conversion and -storage fields.

High Density Single Fe Atoms on Mesoporous N-Doped Carbons: Noble Metal-Free Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Acidic and Alkaline Media.

It remains a challenge to develop efficient noble metal-free electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in various renewable energy systems. Single atom catalysts have recently drawn great attention as promising candidates both due to their high activity and their utmost atom utilization for electrocatalytic ORR. Herein, the synthesis of an efficient ORR electrocatalyst that is composed of N-doped mesoporous carbon and a high density (4.05 wt%) of single Fe atoms via pyrolysis Fe-conjugated polymer is reported. Benefiting from the abundant atomic Fe-N4 sites on its conductive, mesoporous carbon structures, this material exhibits an excellent electrocatalytic activity for ORR, with positive onset potentials of 0.93 and 0.98V in acidic and alkaline media, respectively. Its electrocatalytic performance for ORR is also comparable to that of Pt/C (20 wt%) in both media. Furthermore, it electrocatalyzes the reaction almost fully to H2 O (or barely to H2 O2 ). Additionally, it is durable and tolerates the methanol crossover reaction well. Furthermore, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a zinc-air battery assembled using it on their cathodedeliver high maximum power densities (320 and 91mW cm-2 , respectively). Density functional theory calculation reveals that the material's decent electrocatalytic performance for ORR is due to its atomically dispersed Fe-N4 sites.

Pyridinic nitrogen induced compressed bilayer graphene for oxygen reduction reaction

Despite the emergence of nitrogen-doped graphene as a noble-metal free electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction, its participation in the electrochemical conversion mechanism is not well-established. In the present study, functionalities of the nitrogen species on the oxygen reduction activity of bilayer graphene were investigated by combining atom-specific X-ray spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations with electrochemical activity tests in alkaline media. Among various nitrogen species, pyridinic nitrogen as the dominant species improved the electrochemical activity of bilayer graphene, which was followed by graphene bilayers doped with graphitic nitrogen in majority. Polarization curves revealed a significantly high electrocatalytic oxygen reduction activity of the nitrogen-doped bilayer graphene where the pyridinic nitrogen was the major dopant. This improved activity was confirmed by the lowest overpotential and Tafel slope (78.9 mV/dec). The enhanced interaction of graphene bilayers doped with pyridinic nitrogen is shown to be the main reason for this improvement.

Ni, Zn Co-doping ZIF-67-derived electrocatalyst based on CNT film for efficient overall water splitting

Water electrolysis has been acknowledged as a renewable, scalable, and effective way of producing hydrogen. However, for water splitting, efficient and noble metal-free electrocatalysts were lacking. Here, a Co–Ni–Zn porous three-dimension N-doped carbonization structure on the carbon nanotube film (CNTF) was synthesized through a metal organic frameworks (MOFs) annealing procedure. The porous morphology, caused by the evaporation of zinc at high temperatures, enhances the interaction between the catalysts and electrolyte, and the self-supporting structure minimizes the contact resistance between the catalysts and the substrate, which reduces obstructions during current flow. More active sites, multiple mesopores, and high conductivity are all features of this composite structure. It can achieve a small overpotential of 112 mV and 270 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, respectively, for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER). At a current density of 10 mA cm−2, the Co–Ni–Zn/NCNTF has an external voltage of 1.58 V and is very durable for overall water splitting.

Boosting the Activity of the Oxygen Evolution Reaction through an Electrospun Nickel Manganese-Based Bimetallic Zeolite Imidazolate Framework Fibrous System in Alkaline Medium.

Developing cost-efficient and noble metal free electrocatalysts is vastly anticipated for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Therefore, in this study, to lift the thermodynamic and kinetic activity of the OER, we attempted to synthesize a bimetallic nickel and manganese-based zeolite imidazolate framework system in a fiber form. For this synthesis, a bottom-up approach has been followed through wet chemical analysis, and electrospinning was utilized for fiber formation. The resultant fiber has shown a lesser overpotential of 256 mV at a benchmarking current density of 10 mA cm-2 under 1 M KOH conditions. As expected, the attained Tafel slope and charge transfer resistance values are lesser. The observed results reveal that the synergism between the Ni and Mn nodes on the imidazolate framework successfully promotes the thermodynamic formation of *O and *OOH intermediates, which significantly helps to improve the faster OER kinetics at the electrode-electrolyte interface.

Phase-dependent intermediate adsorption regulation on molybdenum carbides for efficient pH-universal hydrogen evolution

Molybdenum carbides are the most promising noble metal-free electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the investigation of phase-dependent intermediate adsorption on phase evolution engineering of molybdenum carbides is still insufficient. Herein, we developed a phase evolution carbonization procedure for synthetic molybdenum carbides with tunable phases for efficient hydrogen production, whose hydrogen intermediate adsorption energies can be regulated. Among them, Mo2C/MoC-1 shows a lowest overpotential of 128 mV, 162 mV and 119 mV in acidic, neutral and alkaline environment, respectively, steady operating at 10 mA cm−2 for 100 h. Tunable phase composites of molybdenum carbide composites induce favorable electronic structure and a local nucleophilic/electrophilic region at the interface of α-MoC and β-Mo2C phases, which promotes their HER performance. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further reveal that Mo2C/MoC-1 conveys a Hads adsorption free energy (ΔGH*) of −0.17 eV in acid and a low water dissociation energy barrier of 1.12 eV in alkaline and neutral environment, pledging admirable HER performance in pH-universal conditions. This work provides a guidance to modulate the phase of molybdenum carbides for hydrogen evolution.

Zn and Co Loaded Porous C Decorated Electrospun Nanofibers as Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction for Water Splitting

Developing a clean and efficient noble metal free electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is urgently needed to accelerate water splitting green energy conversion systems. Herein, we reported the fabrication of a noble metal-free electrocatalyst based on Zn and Co loaded porous C decorated cellulose acetate-polyaniline (ZnCo-C/CA-PANI) electrospun nanofibers at the surface of nickel foam (NF). The smooth coating of CA-PANI electrospun nanofibers at the surface of NF helps in exposing the maximum fraction of ZnCo-C based electrocatalyst and uniform flow of ions at the entire surface, thus resulting in high OH– adsorption capability. The designed ZnCo-C/CA-PANI@NF electrode acts as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in an alkaline medium and offers a lower onset potential (1.34 V vs RHE), a small Tafel slope of 42 mV/dec, and high stability. These results suggest a concept of exploring more such noble metal free hybrid materials that could induce the efficient electrocatalytic water splitting for sustainable energy conversion.

Low-Temperature Working Feasibility of Zinc–Air Batteries with Noble Metal-Free Electrocatalysts

Open AccessRenewablesRESEARCH ARTICLES23 Jan 2023Low-Temperature Working Feasibility of Zinc-Air Batteries with Noble-Metal-Free Electrocatalysts Chang-Xin Zhao, Jia-Ning Liu, Nan Yao, Xiaoyuan Zeng, Aibing Chen, Peng Dong, Yingjie Zhang, Xinzhi Ma, Cheng Tang, Bo-Quan Li and Qiang Zhang Chang-Xin Zhao Google Scholar More articles by this author , Jia-Ning Liu Google Scholar More articles by this author , Nan Yao Google Scholar More articles by this author , Xiaoyuan Zeng Google Scholar More articles by this author , Aibing Chen Google Scholar More articles by this author , Peng Dong Google Scholar More articles by this author , Yingjie Zhang Google Scholar More articles by this author , Xinzhi Ma Google Scholar More articles by this author , Cheng Tang Google Scholar More articles by this author , Bo-Quan Li Google Scholar More articles by this author and Qiang Zhang Google Scholar More articles by this author https://doi.org/10.31635/renewables.023.202300026 SectionsSupplemental MaterialAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail Expanding the application scenario for rechargeable batteries is the key to the terminal utilization of renewable energy. Enabling zinc-air batteries at low temperatures is drawing increasing attention, yet the low-temperature working feasibility of zinc-air batteries with noble-metal-free electrocatalysts remains indistinct. In this contribution, the low-temperature performances of zinc-air batteries with noble-metal-free electrocatalysts are comprehensively investigated. Armed with a representative noble-metal-free bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst, the zinc-air batteries demonstrate satisfactory yet relatively declined performance at low temperatures, compared with that at room temperatures. The reduced electrolyte conductivity is identified as one of the limiting factors for the reduced low-temperature performances. Furthermore, electrolyte engineering via regulating the solvation structure is performed on the zinc-air batteries with noble-metal-free electrocatalysts, where a promoted low-temperature performance is achieved. This work reveals the compatibility between noble-metal-free electrocatalysts and low-temperature feasibility/low-temperature performance enhancement strategies for zinc-air batteries and affords new opportunities to satisfy low-cost and efficient energy storage at harsh working conditions. Download figure Download PowerPoint Next article FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Issue AssignmentNot Yet AssignedSupporting Information Copyright & Permissions© 2023 Chinese Chemical Society Downloaded 0 times PDF downloadLoading ...

Development of metal-organic framework-derived NiMo-MoO3−x porous nanorod for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions

In this study, we developed a noble metal-free HER electrocatalyst NiMo-MoO3−x porous nanorod (NiMo-MoO3−x −PNR) by optimal thermal reduction of NiMoO4 porous nanorod (NiMoO4 −PNR), where the porous structure of NiMoO4 −PNR was enabled by calcining the designed Ni-Mo-metal-organic framework nanorod (Ni-Mo-MOF−NR). As a result of its ideal porous nanorod structure, composition, and improved bifunctional properties, the electrocatalyst demonstrated superior HER performance (a low overpotential of 24.5 mV @ 10.0 mA cm−2) in 1 м KOH, which was comparable with that of state-of-the-art platinum group metals (PGMs) based electrocatalysts. Furthermore, NiMo-MoO3−x −PNR displayed faster Volmer-Tafel mechanism (a small Tafel slope of 32 mV dec−1) for HER process. The superior HER activity of NiMo-MoO3−x −PNR was supported by density functional theory simulations. Moreover, it exhibited a high cyclic stability (unaffected after 100,000 cycles) and robust durability (102 h). Overall, this study demonstrates a simple, scalable, and versatile synthesis of a noble metal-free highly efficient inexpensive electrocatalyst for HER.

Efficient bifunctional hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalyst based on the NU-1000/CuCo2S4 heterojunction

One of the current necessities to produce clean energy is the logical design of inexpensive noble-metal free electrocatalysts with developed structure and composition for electrochemical water splitting. In this study, we introduce a new core-shell-structured bifunctional electrocatalyst of NU-1000/CuCo2S4 for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and overall water splitting for the first time. Own to unique structure with rich porosity, high electrical conductivity, high stability and larger density of active sites, this nanocomposite can produce water electrolysis in a 1 M KOH solution. The electrochemical measurements show overpotentials of 335 mV for OER and 93 mV for HER at a current density of 10 mAcm−2. Also, the NU-1000/CuCo2S4 nanocomposite exhibits Tafel slope values of 110 mV dec−1 and 103 mV dec−1 for HER and OER, respectively. Besides, NU-1000/CuCo2S4 presents a significant long-term stability in a 72 h run. Additionally, NU-1000/CuCo2S4 requires 1.55 V to deliver 10 mA cm−2 current density in overall water splitting. According to these results, we hope to use this electrocatalyst in producing oxygen and hydrogen from water.

Tapping the Potential of High-Valent Mo and W Metal Centers for Dynamic Electronic Structures in Multimetallic FeVO(OH)/Ni(OH)2 for Ultrastable and Efficient Overall Water Splitting.

Rationally designing a noble metal-free electrocatalyst for OER and HER is pivotal for large-scale energy generation via water splitting. A multimetallic electrocatalyst FeVO(OH)/Ni0.86Mo0.07W0.07(OH)2, aimed at tuning the electronic structure, is fabricated and shows considerable improvement in the water-splitting reaction kinetics, aided by low Tafel slope values of 24 mV/dec for OER and 67 mV/dec for HER, respectively. By taking advantage of (e̅-e̅) repulsions at the t2g level, we introduced high-valency Mo and W to provide a viable path for π-electron donation from oxygen 2p orbitals to vacant Mo and W orbitals for a dynamic electronic structure and an interfacial synergistic effect, which optimized the bond lengths for reaction intermediates to facilitate water splitting. The hybrid catalyst FeVO(OH)/NiMoW(OH)2 shows intrinsic activity and durability toward OER and HER tested for 48 h at a current density of 20 mA/cm2 and a cell voltage of 1.65 V @ 20 mA/cm2.

Synthesis of heteroatom incorporated porous carbon encapsulated Fe-doped Co9S8 as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting

Doping metal ions into cobalt sulfide is a promising strategy to improve its performance as a cheap, green, highly active and sustainable electrocatalyst for overall water splitting. Herein, cauliflower-like, noble metal-free bifunctional electrocatalysts composed of S, N, and O atoms co-incorporated porous carbon (SNOPC) encapsulated Fe doped Co9S8 nanoparticles are successfully synthesized by direct pyrolysis of S, Co, and Fe-based polypyrrole (S–Co–Fe-PPYs) precursors for efficient overall water splitting. Specifically, the optimal catalyst (Fe0-33-Co9S8@SNOPC) shows excellent electrocatalytic performance in an alkaline electrolyte, requiring ultra-low overpotentials of 275 and 258 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), respectively, with exceptional stability for 50 h. Furthermore, when applied for overall water splitting as a bifunctional electrolyzer, it generates a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an extremely low cell voltage of 1.595 V. The exceptional electrocatalytic activity of Fe0-33-Co9S8@SNOPC can be credited to the synergistic effect produced by Fe doped Co9S8 core and multi-atom incorporated porous carbon shell.

MXene supported nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide as efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions

An inexpensive and noble metal free electrocatalyst with high anion exchange capacity and intrinsic conductivity is highly desirable for renewable energy applications like hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this turn, low cost and earth abundant nickel cobalt hydroxides (NiCo(OH)2) based layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been considered for a long time. However, aggregation of their flakes and structural instability lead to less accessible active sites and hence poor electrical conductivity which limit their electrocatalytic performance as an electrocatalyst. Therefore, MXene supported NiCo(OH)2 samples (with different ratios of Co) were prepared using one-step hydrothermal method possessing enlarged surface area and numerous active sites for enhanced electrochemical activity. As an electrocatalyst, MXene supported NiCo LDHs with 1:1.2 ratio (Ni:Co) (NCM-1.2) illustrated a convincing electrocatalytic activity for HER and OER as compared to NiCo(OH)2, MXene and other MXene supported samples. The improved electrocatalytic activity of NCM-1.2 can be attributed to active redox couples (Ni2+/3+ and Co2+/3+), improved accessible active sites (Ni2+ for HER and Co3+ for OER) and reduced interfacial charge transfer resistance.

Rational design of 2D MBene-based bifunctional OER/ORR dual-metal atom catalysts: a DFT study.

Designing highly active, low-cost, and bifunctional oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts is urgent for the development of metal-air batteries. Herein, by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we systematically reported a series of dual-metal atom adsorbed novel two-dimensional (2D) MBenes as efficient bifunctional catalysts for the OER/ORR (namely 2TM/TM1TM2-Mo2B2O2, TM = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni). Our theoretical results show that 2Ni-Mo2B2O2, FeCo-Mo2B2O2 and CoNi-Mo2B2O2 exhibit outstanding OER/ORR catalytic activity with overpotentials of 0.49/0.27 V, 0.38/0.50 V and 0.25/0.51 V, respectively, exceeding those of IrO2(110) for the OER and Pt(111) for the ORR. Additionally, these highly active bifunctional catalysts can effectively suppress the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), ensuring the absolute preference for the OER/ORR. More importantly, the Bader charge (QTM) of adsorbed dual-metal atoms is used as a descriptor of OER/ORR catalytic activity, which is linearly related to ηORR and volcanically related to -ηOER. Our work not only provides new theoretical guidance for developing noble metal-free bifunctional electrocatalysts but also enriches the application of MBenes in electrocatalysis.

Spherical Ni/NiO nanoparticles decorated on nanoporous carbon (NNC) as an active electrode material for urea and water oxidation reactions.

Herein, we report a chemical method for scalable synthesis of spherical Ni/NiO nanoparticle-decorated nanoporous carbon (NNC) based electrocatalytic system using a simple and easy chemical method with ultra-high activity towards urea electrooxidation. Morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) confirms the formation of Ni/NiO NPs on highly nanoporous carbon with an average size of ∼50 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms NNC with a face-centred cubic (FCC) crystal structure. Ni/NiO NPs intercalated with nanoporous carbon exhibited the best electrocatalytic performance towards urea oxidation with an ultra-low onset potential of ∼0.33 V vs. SCE, and faster electrokinetic mechanism confirmed from Tafel slope (∼45 mV dec-1), EIS Rct (∼6.98 Ω), and long term durability for 7 h at 10 mA cm-2 with high CO poisoning tolerance. This work affords noble metal-free electrocatalysts for novel appliances and remarkable potential for urea determination, hydrogen generation, real-time water remediation, and energy conversion.