Noble Cause Research Articles

The Dilemma Of International Humanitarian Law: What And How It Protects

Basically the International Humanitarian Law regime is to prevent armed conflicts and war crime, considering the catastrophic effects of wars generally. This laudable objective clearly underscored the kind of optimism most states expressed on this noble cause. In the contrary, a study of International Humanitarian Law regime over the years has left scholars more critical. This has led to divergent views about who it protects and how. While some studies questioned its evolution to be Eurocentric, some others faulted it to be unviable, non-coercive and unenforceable. This paper constitutes a scholarship on these studies and it contends that, the international humanitarian law is a branch of public international law that deals with humanitarian interventions in wartime and war crimes. The legal framework of the international humanitarian law is rooted in the Geneva Conventions of 1949. The missing link is that, the critics of the international humanitarian law based their argument on the operations of the judicial organ of the international humanitarian law, the International Criminal Court. The critics had seen the Court as a coercive tool in the hands of the western countries to witch-hunt African leaders. However, the operations of the Court should not be used as a premise to diminish the legality of the law to protect its legal personality as provided for in the Conventions. And it does not in any way invalidate the international humanitarian law of being law. This is the angle that this paper stands differently from the previous studies.

ИЗКУСТВОТО НА ПЛАКАТА И ИНОВАТИВНИТЕ ПРАКТИКИ В ХУДОЖЕСТВЕНАТА ПЕДАГОГИКА

The presented research highlights the innovative charge in the poster tasks as an essential part of the educational work in fine arts. With its essence of an artistic-aesthetic phenomenon with a strong public resonance, the poster focuses on the communicative functions of graphic design. It is in its field that students can express their attitude to all current problems of the present day. Modern technologies allow quick contact with the top achievements in poster art. The digital methods for polygraphic realization allow for the expeditious circulation of the students’ poster works and their introduction in the public environment. In the space of these pictorial tasks the art pedagogue creates preconditions for the teenagers to be more empathetic, more active and creative in their striving to join noble causes. This graphic genre would transform the negative impulses of society into a creative effort, which forms the self-confidence of students that from an object of multifaceted aggressive social influences they become a subject with an active position. The idea is that poster tasks are a reliable means of overcoming the inertia of layered methodological stereotypes.

Launch of ‘The Therapist’: A Journal Covering all Therapies to Improve Human Health

‘The Therapist’, abbreviated as ‘TT’ is an official journal of ‘Lahore Medical Research Center’ (LMRC), LLP. We are pleased to announce the launch of this journal of therapies and rehabilitation sciences including physical therapy, stem cell therapy, speech therapy, psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, radiotherapy, dialectial behavior therapy, Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy, Mentalization-based therapy, animal-assisted therapy, emotion focused therapy, family therapy, group therapy, mind-fulness-based therapy, virtual therapy, exposure therapy, interpersonal therapy, diet therapy, virtual therapy, hydrotherapy, heat therapy are among the few. Mission of this journal is to publish the studies in the above areas and relevant disciplines. These researches will be of great significance and may contribute to the awareness and understanding of the impact of different therapies on human health improvement. To our knowledge this is the first journal with this unique scope. Studies related to these topic are most welcome from national and international authors. It will help all of us to work as global team to do something for the betterment of ailing humanity and share ideas for this noble cause.

Historical and Evolutionary Analysis of Reasons and Causes of Objections of Orientalism on Prophet’s Biography

سیرت طیبہ پر استشراقی فکر کے اعتراضات کے اسباب و عوامل کا تاریخی و ارتقائی جائزہ
 Over the course of time and with the rapid increase in human population need for mutual relations become crucial. Resultantly on behalf of this closeness, separation, anti-standpoints and comparisons also emerged. As the time passed by hatred and hypocrisy and other social vices spread on large scale. Thus human society was waiting for such liberator who may lead and work for the betterment of this society. With the dawn of Islamic civilization all such issues were not only resolved but also provided with a model for containing the difference of opinion and multiple traditions under its unique worldview. Islamic History presents itself as a model where the minorities were provided with the opportunities of participating in political, social, educational and collective affairs. Thus in a society where tyranny, injustice, un-forbearance, religious intensity, terrorism and the activities of violating the human rights were very common, were substituted by the Islamic ideal of forbearance. It is argued here that the solution of all these issues was only in religion contrary to what is being claimed about an idea of social harmony where religion is not given its due position. Today its our dire need to develop a sense of harmony, modesty, affection and peacefulness among the masses of various religions of Pakistani society. It is further argued that for this very noble cause all the religious scholars and their followers can come forward playing their pertinent role.

Inter-Faith Harmony and Contemporary Demands: An Analytical Study in the Light of Divine Teachings

Inter-Faith Harmony and Contemporary Demands: An Analytical Study in the Light of Divine Teachings
 بین المذاہب ہم آہنگی اور عصر ی تقاضے : الہامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ
 Abstract
 Over the course of time and with the rapid increase in human population need for mutual relations become crucial. Resultantly on behalf of this closeness, separation, anti-standpoints and comparisons also emerged. As the time passed by hatred and hypocrisy and other social vices spread on large scale. Thus human society was waiting for such liberator who may lead and work for the betterment of this society. With the dawn of Islamic civilization all such issues were not only resolved but also provided with a model for containing the difference of opinion and multiple traditions under its unique worldview. Islamic History presents itself as a model where the minorities were provided with the opportunities of participating in political, social, educational and collective affairs. Thus in a society where tyranny, injustice, un-forbearance, religious intensity, terrorism and the activities of violating the human rights were very common, were substituted by the Islamic ideal of forbearance. It is argued here that the solution of all these issues was only in religion contrary to what is being claimed about an idea of social harmony where religion is not given its due position. Today it’s our dire need to develop a sense of harmony, modesty, affection and peacefulness among the masses of various religions of Pakistani society. It is further argued that for this very noble cause all the religious scholars and their followers can come forward playing their pertinent role.
 Keywords: Interfaith harmony, present era, divine books, religious personalities, Peace

A situational study on sustainable housing features in Johor

Sustainable housing brings an innovation in Malaysia housing industry scene. The trend has witnessed a surge in the demand for this offering by house buyers which in return has encouraged housing developers to incorporate it’s features in their products. The features offered by the housing developers varies while customers are encouraged by the noble causes that their purchased will make. As demand for the products increase, errant and irresponsible developers are unreasonably taking the advantage by charging exorbitantly for the product that they market. In this instance, the words “Eco” and “Green” have been used as the gimmick for marketing purposes while there are no evidences that show whether the features have been truly incorporated in the housing products sold to the customers. The situation thus called for a situational study to be carried out, which aim to clarify the situation happening in the housing industry. Accordingly, the objectives of the study are: (1) To identify the sustainable housing features provided by developers to the buyers; and (2) To identify the house occupant’s satisfaction with the sustainable features available to them. The research is an exploratory research which seeks to provide data in respond to the situation facing the industry. Therefore, both quantitative and qualitative research strategies will be employed by way of a checklist together with a satisfaction survey focusing on housing projects in Johor. Data for the study will be analyzed by employing descriptive analysis as well as thematic coding analysis. A comprehensive discussion will be offered as the possible outcome of the study. This includes the contentment of house buyers towards the sustainable features that are offered by housing developer and how it can be classified as sustainable housing in virtue of the three pillars of sustainable development.

Deviant heroes: an analysis of strategies of social control towards defenders of people on the move in Hungary

Abstract Historically, icons of social movements were treated as outcasts by established structures of social control. When activists break unjust rules to promote human rights, their noble causes do not seem to fit the commonsensical frame of ‘the deviant’, which brings up some questions. When they infringe norms to promote rights, how are activists inserted in the crime framework? How do people perceive their actions and why? This article aims to address these questions, by using the case study of migrant human rights defenders in Hungary. It navigates phenomena such as stigmatisation and criminalisation, and presents positive deviance, supranormality and functional stigmatisation as alternatives to traditional perspectives.

15 years of anti-corruption in Romania: augmentation, aberration and acceleration

ABSTRACT Romania’s criminal prosecution of corruption is a controversial topic. While advocates praise the National Anticorruption Directorate (DNA) for its increasing results, critics voice concerns over the abusive and excessive manner how the fight against corruption is conducted. Is Romania’s anti-corruption battle an impressive success or rather a worrisome excess? The article aims to resolve this controversy by assessing anti-corruption activity conceptually and empirically. First, an evaluation scheme of anti-corruption activity – the anti-corruption evaluation chain – is developed, which distinguishes between three stages: 1. Input (capacity), 2. Process (fairness, reasonableness) and 3. Output (results). Second, each dimension is measured empirically by relying on a new set of quantitative indicators and qualitative empirical evidence (e.g. analysis of ECHR judgments, interviews with magistrates). The findings indicate that Romania’s fight against corruption has resulted in the augmentation of capacity (e.g. human and financial resources), the acceleration of results (e.g. increasing number of indicted, prosecuted and convicted persons) and aberration from the principles of fair trial and reasonableness, i.e. proportionality. Overall, Romania’s criminal prosecution of corruption has derailed into an over-zealous struggle for a ‘noble cause’ which itself has violated individual rights, the principles of fairness and proportionality, procedural integrity and the rule of law.

The Rise and Fall of Muslim Democrats in Turkey

Starting with its second term in power, AKP’s Islamist outlook made a gradual comeback in its official rhetoric and practice. After it consolidated its power and captured the state in 2011, AKP launched an ambitious project to Islamicise Turkish society and politics. The political regime uses Islam for political gains, especially legitimizing anything they do. During the corruption scandal the common urban legend among the public was that it is true that Erdogan and his associates loundered that money and accumulated that wealth, but they were going to use that money for two noble causes: first, if the Kemalists wanted to close them down then they would establish a government in exile and pursue the development of what they have successfully pursued in Turkey; and second, with that money they were going to help the other Muslim groups outside of Turkey. Erdogan supported people in academic, media, and in businesses were spreading these claims on purpose. Today, the Turkish government has increasingly turned into an Islamist-nationalist one and currently carries some of the most important features of such a regime.

Ukraine in the 21st Century: Strengthening Civilisational Agency

The article addresses the issue of Ukraine’s civilisational agency in the modern world. The authors state that a civilisational destiny of a state is determined by geopolitical actors claiming a superpower status, the state’s own choice, people’s will, its political and intellectual elite. Then, a state becomes a unit of international relations and law, world geopolitics, science, art; a civilisational actor of history, the present, and the future. Ukraine strives to become such an actor, have its civilisational project, and implement it. Our country is located between the Euro-Atlantic and Eurasian civilisational societies, thus its capacity to be an actor in the modern globalised world is contingent on efficient cooperation with both of the societies. The authors believe that the implementation of the civilisational project of Ukraine as an actor and not as an object of modern world lies in systemic cooperation with the international actors which accept freedom and dignity of a human being as fundamental values. The authors single out the civilisational measures of such a society, which is a society of trust, social and political partnership, and balanced interaction of the rule of law and civil society. In its civilisational project of the 21st century, Ukraine should stand for a society of innovations and information, where a person can live up to her full potential. It is about the worldview transformation of consciousness and relations among people, countries, civilisations, and civilisational worlds. The implementation of this project is a fundamental condition for ensuring the national security and existence of Ukraine as an independent state. That is indeed a noble cause of Ukraine and its people in the multifaceted world of the 21st century. Keywords: Eurasian civilisational society, Euro-Atlantic direction, agency of Ukraine, independent state.

El griego clásico y su incidencia en el léxico jurídico forense del siglo XXI

As legal professionals we know that the technical legal language contains the essence of terms originated in Latin, due to law being institutionalized in Rome; however, a group of words exists that does not have their origins in Latin, but in Ancient Greek, whose knowledge is necessary to apply them to legal texts. By the means of a philological and historical analysis, it is possible to get deeper into etymology and trace the origin of the Greek term that law would incorporate within its vocabulary. This paper scientifically outlines the etymology, the definition, and current-day use of some words of Greek origin with the aim of motivating the reader, and particularly the lawyer, on their use for the noble causes of law (orabunt causas mellius).

Peace through Suffering: Human Resilience and Viet Nam War Literature

Peace through Suffering: Human Resilience and Viet Nam War Literature Erin R. McCoy (bio) The Viet Nam1 War (1955–1975) marked a turbulent time in American culture. The othering of the enemy coupled with America’s status as a victor in World War II colored lenses of political, cultural, and social views in post-war America. But a perpetual victor America was not, and the Viet Nam War brought undue division and despair to the nation’s identity and psyche that lasted decades. In a 1980 address to the Veterans of Foreign Wars, President Ronald Reagan referred to the United States’ aversion to war as a product of “Vietnam Syndrome,” where a “noble cause” was marred by the propaganda-fueled aggression of the North Vietnamese (Reagan). According to Reagan and others, the nation’s trepidation regarding entering into conflict stemmed from a guilt-like hangover from the Viet Nam War experience. Though a common thread in war literature is individual and collective suffering, how these are expressed in literature about the Viet Nam War is simultaneously unique to its situation and common in its commentary on the continuity of war as a part of the human experience. What unites literature of the experience of the Viet Nam War are shared themes of human suffering and the quest for individual peace. In his survey of the Viet Nam War legacy, Nothing Ever Dies, Viet Than Nguyen’s opens with the observation, “All wars are fought twice; the first time on the battlefield, the second time in memory” (4). American Literature About the Viet Nam War The bulk of early United States literature about Viet Nam either analyzed the failures of the French or criticized American involvement in the war. Prior to the Viet Nam War, Graham Greene’s 1955 novel, The Quiet American (published on the eve of American involvement in Viet Nam), made pointed references to early American involvement in France’s Indochina Wars. The book’s primary tension is between a British journalist and American CIA operative over the affections of a girl named Phuong; however, that tension acts as an extended metaphor of the incoming American experience in the country, an experience characterized by frustration, cruelty, and suffering. Books about Viet Nam published during the war, like Bernard B. Fall’s Street Without Joy: The French Debacle in Indochina (1961) and Hell is a Very [End Page 155] Small Place: The Siege of Dien Bien Phu (1966), focused on the many failings of French colonialism. They did little in regard to representing Vietnamese people or culture. Norman Mailer’s The Armies of the Night (1968) detailed the October 1967 March on the Pentagon. He had already penned his treatise Why Are We in Vietnam? (1967), stoking anti-war fires in the United States. Noam Chomsky added fuel to the anti-war fire with American Power and the New Mandarins(1969), as did John Rowe with Count Your Dead (1968). At the same time, more traditionally patriotic and battle-centered works, like Robin Moore’s The Green Berets (1965), also sold well during the early years of the war. A notable exception to the 1960s-era literature about the war is Michael Herr’s Dispatches (1968). Herr’s book is one of the first journalistic accounts of the war, and it is a chaotic, hazy read. The journalist’s memories and renderings of the war are bleak--he makes clear that in its earliest stages, the war made little sense to those reporting on it. Herr also offers a window into Vietnamese culture. More urgently, his unique inside/outside perspective on the war warns readers about the emotional suffering that would become the Viet Nam War’s legacy. Because the Viet Nam War continued into the 1970s, as did conflicts at home regarding the United States’ involvement in it, individuals who had been part of the war began to write about it while it continued. As a result of the emergence of empirical storytelling, Viet Nam became less of a war and more of a country to American readers. Increasingly, there appeared more “front line,” or first-person accounts from Viet Nam written by those who had directly...

THE LAST PROPHET OF THE OLD TESTAMENT

The prophets of the Old Testament end with John the Baptist, The Forerunner of God, declared to be ”the greatest man among those born from women”. His spiritual elevation is impressive, because he cumulates in himself the revolutionary effort of all the prophets, in a life loved entirely in the devotion of the noble cause for which he was born. His message which recalls the necessity for spiritual renewal for the human soul is always valid.

CHARLES HADDON SPURGEON: WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM HIM FOR TODAY?

In this article, the author gives an account of the life and theology of C.H. Spurgeon (1834-1892), the famous Reformed Baptist Minister, who preached in London in the second half of the nineteenth century. The account demonstrates that Spurgeon was not only the most renowned preacher of his day, most of whose sermons were published and are still read widely today but also an author who published many volumes. In addition to his work as preacher and writer, Spurgeon built children’s orphanages, started a theological college and assisted in many noble causes. As part of this benevolent work, his church contributed large sums to support poor relief.
 Having told Spurgeon’s story, the article then indicates six areas of Spurgeon’s life and ministry which are helpful for us today: his Passion for Souls; his Devotion to Prayer and Study; His attitude to the Bible & Expository Ministry; his Pastoral Ministry; His Practical Christianity; and His refusal to compromise on the truth of the gospel.
 KEYWORDS: Spurgeon, ministry, preach, Bible

Social Media as the Next Trend in Social Business Marketing Social Media as the Next Trend in Solar Business Marketing

In today’s era, everyone have online presence. Someone will have more presence, someone will have less presence. Someone will be on mail and Facebook only and someone will be on everything from mail to Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Linkedin etc. For Business, they are the perfect target. One can reach as many as potential customers and leads through social media all over the world which they can never achieve through any other media. Social media can be interactive and informative. New generation is highly active in social media at the same time they are highly aware of the growing concerns like global warming. New generation knows the importance of change and they encourage any noble cause all over the world. Even though solar business are present for a very long time but now only it is gaining importance after growing concerns towards our Mother Nature. To reach maximum target customers, it is very important for the Solar business to take leverage of Social media. Posting an article, or blog or uploading a video is not enough, if you are not targeting the correct viwers and you are not converting your viwers into leads. In this article, we would understand that how solar business can get fullest from social media and how to increase your customer base. Social media may sound like informal way to serve the customers but it is a powerful relationship builder for the company. Social media is very important to inspire and build strong relationship with the potential customers

The transitivity of costume in That Lady (Terence Young, 1955)

Released during the heyday of the costume drama, La princesa de Éboli (That Lady) (Young, 1955) is an Anglo-Spanish co-production about Ana de Mendoza, Princess of Éboli (1540–92), a prominent figure at Philip II’s court who was accused of treason. Based on Kate O’Brien’s novel, the film adaptation was eventually made into two different films for Spanish- and English-speaking audiences owing to the restrictions of Spanish censorship. Modifications to the script, film-edit and ending of the film offered a reversed interpretation of the fate of the protagonist in the Spanish version. Focusing on the costumes of the Princess of Éboli (played by Olivia de Havilland), we explore the shifting meanings that are brought to bear between the Spanish and the English versions. In contrast to costume films of nationalistic glorification in which the heroine sacrifices her personal desires for the more noble cause of patriotic ambitions, the English version disturbed official views of the past by celebrating female pleasure.

Rethinking the nature of cruelty: The role of identity leadership in the Stanford Prison Experiment.

The Stanford Prison Experiment (SPE) is one of the most famous studies in the history of psychology. For nearly a half century it has been understood to show that assigning people to a toxic role will, on its own, unlock the human capacity to treat others with cruelty. In contrast, principles of identity leadership argue that roles are unlikely to elicit cruelty unless leaders encourage potential perpetrators to identify with what is presented as a noble ingroup cause and to believe their actions are necessary for the advancement of that cause. Although identity leadership has been implicated in behavior ranging from electoral success to obedience to authority, researchers have hitherto had limited capacity to establish whether role conformity or identity leadership provides a better account of the cruelty observed in the SPE. Through examination of material in the SPE archive, we present comprehensive evidence that, rather than guards conforming to role of their own accord, experimenters directly encouraged them to adopt roles and act tough in a manner consistent with tenets of identity leadership. Implications for the analysis of conformity and cruelty as well as for interpretation of the SPE are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Understanding corruption in the lower levels of the Afghan police force

Definitions of police corruption are usually associated with bribery and extortion. Police culture entails internalised and uncodified norms, rules and values that may enhance susceptibility of corruption within a police force. This article provides an empirical study on police corruption within the lower levels of the Afghan police due to the lack of studies conducted with them. Undertaking a social constructivist approach, the aim of the study is to provide the perceptions from Afghan police officers on the causes and practices of police corruption. The findings reveal that the main causes are heavily linked to unprofessionalism, low pay and the lack of controls. Police accountability is low and solidarity appears high. Moreover, patronage and the acceptance of corruption as a means to getting things done are part of social practices engrained in Afghan culture which leads to the practices of biased recruitment, bribery and extortion. In relation to noble cause corruption, there is no sense of mission and the idea of policing, as part of a mandate, has been lost in the Afghan police force. An understanding of police corruption and police culture from the perspective of street-level police officers is relevant to understand the main causes and practices of corruption and mitigate them to restore public faith in the police as a main port of security. This can prevent potential Taliban resurgence by deterring alternative security promoted by the insurgency.

Is It Still Nationalism? A Critique of Ronald Sundstrom's “Sheltering Xenophobia”

Abstract According to Ronald Sundstrom, nationalism shelters xenophobia by creating obstacles that prevent immigrants and refugees from attaining a sense of civic belonging. He uses the metaphor of sheltering to suggest that xenophobia becomes a by-product of nationalism in the right conditions. This is a misunderstanding of the relationship between nationalism and xenophobia. This article argues that nationalism is inseparable from xenophobia because certain core beliefs already presuppose some form of civic ostracism. These core beliefs are sovereignty and partiality. Despite the various noble causes behind nationalism—cultural preservation, survival, and liberation—its roots are grounded in the expulsion of foreign Others and preference for fellow nationals. Any attempts to reform nationalism must reckon with these two core beliefs. An ideology that abandons those beliefs would no longer be nationalism. In other words, there is no nationalism without xenophobia.

مولانا شاہ حکیم محمد اختر ؒ حیات و خدمات

Molana Shah Hakeem Mohammad Akhter was born in 1923 in Partabgarh UP India. He received Medical Education from Unani Medical College Ellah Abad and Islamic Education under a great saint Shah Abdul Ghani Phoolpuri in Madrasa Bait ul Aloom. He was a born Sofi,an eminent Islamic scholar, a great philanthropist, an established writer and a great reformer. He wrote more than 200 books. He also established an Islamic University, Asharaf ul Madaris. Thousands of scholars are his pupils,followers and disciples. He imparted them both Aloom-e-Shareyat and Tareeqat. In 2001 he founded an Islamic NGO naming “Al-Akhtar trust International” for helping the suffering humanity. During these days society was ridden with un-Islamic trends and practices Shah Hakeem Mohammad Akhter emerged to rooted out these evils from the society. It will not be wrong to say that Shah Hakeem Mohammad Akhter like his spiritu-al mentor (Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanvi) was the real inherent of Ulama-e-deoband. The aim of this article is to present over view of biography and invalua-ble services which he rendered for tasawwuf and noble cause of humanity.