NO3 Radicals Research Articles

Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Activities of Macrosphyra Longistyla (DC) Hiern Relevant in the Management of Alzheimer's Disease.

Macrosphyra longistyla has been used in many traditional systems of medicine for its anti-hemorrhagic, antidiabetic, anti-ulcer, and anti-diarrhea properties. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitions of the crude methanol extracts and its various partitioned fractions were determined by a modified method of Ellman. An evaluation of the antioxidant activity was carried out using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, and nitric oxide scavenging assays. The total flavonoids were estimated based on the aluminum chloride method, while the total tannins and phenolics were estimated based on the vanillin–HCl and Folin–Ciocalteu method, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction had the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, and the highest ferric reducing power with a concentration providing 50% inhibition (IC50) of 0.079 mg/mL and 0.078 mg/mL, respectively, while the crude methanol extract had the highest nitric oxide scavenging activity with an IC50 of 0.008 mg/mL. The methanol extract had the highest phenolics and flavonoids contents, while the aqueous fraction had the highest tannin content. The crude methanol extract had the best AChE and BuChE inhibitory action, with an IC50 of 0.556 µg/mL and 5.541 µg/mL, respectively, suggesting that the plant had a better AChE inhibiting potential. A moderate correlation was observed between the phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging, NO radical scavenging, and AChE inhibitory activities (r2 = 0.439, 0.430, and 0.439, respectively), while a high correlation was seen between the flavonoid content and these activities (r2 = 0.695, 0.724, and 0.730, respectively), and the ferric reducing antioxidant power correlated highly with the proautocyanidin content (r2 = 0.801). Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) revealed decanoic acid methyl ester (24.303%), 11,14-eicosadienoic acid methyl ester (16.788%), linoelaidic acid (10.444%), pentadecanoic acid (9.300%), and 2-methyl-hexadecanal (9.285%). Therefore, we suggest that M. longistyla contain bioactive chemicals, and could be a good alternative for the management of Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases.

The “Framework Exchange”-Strategy-Based MOF Platform for Biodegradable Multimodal Therapy

Summary Despite all the efforts to develop an ideal technology for cancer treatment, vital parameters, such as reducing the adverse effects and improving treatment efficiency, still require significant improvement. For this purpose, the rational design of a smart stimuli-responsive and fully biodegradable delivery system is of great significance. By using ZIF-8 nanoparticles as a sacrificial template, black phosphorous quantum dots (BPQDs) and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) were successfully encapsulated into HKUST-1@MIL-100. In cancerous cells, the high glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels trigger the sequential reaction to rebuild the redox equilibrium and stimulate the continuous production of NO and hydroxyl radicals. As a result, the MOFs serve not only as carriers and contrast agents but also as the catalysts for the generation of NO and ·OH, which results in maximum atomic efficiency. Finally, the nanosystem completely degrades into small molecules and is excreted from the body.

Hole Localization in Thallium Nitrate (I)

Using the EPR method, an identification of paramagnetic centers formed in TlNO3 under γ-irradiation at 77 and 300 K is performed. Their spectral characteristics, corresponding to the NO3 and NO2 radicals, are determined. The paramagnetic center NO3 is attributed to the NO3 (В) radical, which is thermally stable at 77 K. The NO3 (В) radicals exist in two forms – I and II, which differ by their spatial orientations. The accumulation of paramagnetic centers NO3 and NO2 is investigated and so are the optical reflection spectra of polycrystalline TlNO3 specimens. The final products of radiolysis of thallium nitrate are identified to be the thallium nitrite and peroxonitrite ions.

Mechanistic insight into the catalytic inhibition by nitroxides of tyrosine oxidation and nitration

BackgroundNitroxide antioxidants (RNO•) protect from injuries associated with oxidative stress. Tyrosine residues in proteins are major targets for oxidizing species giving rise to irreversible cross-linking and protein nitration, but the mechanisms underlying the protective activity of RNO• on these processes are not sufficiently clear. MethodsTyrosine oxidation by the oxoammonium cation (RN+=O) was studied by following the kinetics of RNO• formation using EPR spectroscopy. Tyrosine oxidation and nitration were investigated using the peroxidase/H2O2 system without and with nitrite. The inhibitory effect of RNO• on these processes was studied by following the kinetics of the evolved O2 and accumulation of tyrosine oxidation and nitration products. ResultsTyrosine ion is readily oxidized by RN+=O, and the equilibrium constant of this reaction depends on RNO• structure and reduction potential. RNO• catalytically inhibits tyrosine oxidation and nitration since it scavenges both tyrosyl and •NO2 radicals while recycling through RN+=O reduction by H2O2, tyrosine and nitrite. The inhibitory effect of nitroxide on tyrosine oxidation and nitration increases as its reduction potential decreases where the 6-membered ring nitroxides are better catalysts than the 5-membered ones. ConclusionsNitroxides catalytically inhibit tyrosine oxidation and nitration. The proposed reaction mechanism adequately fits the results explaining the dependence of the nitroxide inhibitory effect on its reduction potential and on the concentrations of the reducing species present in the system. General significanceNitroxides protect against both oxidative and nitrative damage. The proposed reaction mechanism further emphasizes the role of the reducing environment to the efficacy of these catalysts.

Formation of Highly Oxidized Molecules from NO3 Radical Initiated Oxidation of Δ-3-Carene: A Mechanistic Study

NO3 radical oxidation of most monoterpenes is a significant source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in many regions influenced by both biogenic and anthropogenic emissions, but there are very few...

Temperature‐dependent rate constant for the reaction of F atoms with HNO3

AbstractThe kinetics of the reaction of F atom with HNO3, source of NO3 radicals widely used in laboratory studies, has been investigated at nearly 2.7 mbar total pressure of helium over a wide temperature range, T = 220‐700 K, using a low‐pressure discharge flow reactor combined with an electron impact ionization quadrupole mass spectrometer. The rate constant of the reaction F + HNO3 → NO3 + HF (1) was determined using both relative rate method and absolute measurements under pseudo–first‐order conditions, monitoring the kinetics of F‐atom consumption in excess of HNO3, k1 = (8.2 ± 0.4) × 10−12 exp((315 ± 15)/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 (where the uncertainties represent precision at the 2σ level, the estimated total uncertainty on k1 being 15% at all temperatures). The reaction rate constant was found to be in excellent agreement with the only previous temperature‐dependent study. Experiments on detection of the reaction product, HF, have shown that NO3 and HF forming channel of the title reaction is the dominant, if not unique, on the whole temperature range of the study.

SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF NOVEL THIAZOLE-PYRAZOLE INTEGRATED CHALCONES AS ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS

Objective: The objective of the present study was to synthesize the thiazole-pyrazole integrated chalcones and their in vitro antioxidant and anti- inflammatory evaluation.
 Methods: The designed hybrid thiazole-pyrazole integrated chalcones (3a-j) were synthesized by Claisen–Schmidt reaction of substituted 1-(4-methyl-2-phenylthiazol-5-yl) ethanone and substituted pyrazole aldehyde in the presence of 10% NaOH in ethanol solvent under reflux condition. The chemical structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, and high- resolution mass spectra.
 Results: All the title compounds were screened for their in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The screening data indicated that tested compounds showed potent antioxidant activity with moderate anti-inflammatory potential.
 Conclusion: Antioxidant screening data reveal that most of the synthesized compounds possess excellent 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and NO radical scavenging activity. Most of the compounds found to possess marked anti-inflammatory potential by effectively inhibiting the heat-induced albumin denaturation.

Removal of NOx and SO2 from the Coal-Fired Flue Gas Using a Rotating Packed Bed Pilot Reactor with Peroxymonosulfate Activated by Fe(II) and Heating

An advanced oxidation process involving combined activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) by Fe(II) ions and heating for NOx and SO2 removal from coal-fired flue gas was conducted for the first time in a rotating packed bed (RPB) pilot reactor. The major influencing factors, radical species, reaction mechanisms and products, the mass transfer process, and the kinetics of simultaneous removal of NOx and SO2 were investigated. The results indicated that the NO removal efficiency reached above 70%, while SO2 and NO2 were almost completely removed. As the temperature increased, the NO removal efficiency increased. Moreover, the intensity of SO4•–, •OH, and 1O2 radicals generated by the activated PMS and •NO radical converted by the radical–radical reaction enhanced with the increasing temperature, assessed by the electron spin resonance spectroscopy test. The increased liquid flow led to a higher NO removal efficiency, and the increased gas flow played the opposite role. The increased rotational speed first resu...

The CRI v2.2 reduced degradation scheme for isoprene

The reduced representation of isoprene degradation in the Common Representative Intermediates (CRI) mechanism has been systematically updated, using the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM v3.3.1) as a reference benchmark, with the updated mechanism being released as CRI v2.2. The complete isoprene degradation mechanism in CRI v2.2 consists of 186 reactions of 56 closed shell and free radical species, this being an order of magnitude reduction in size compared with MCM v3.3.1. The chemistry initiated by reaction with OH radicals, NO3 radicals and ozone (O3) is treated. An overview of the updates is provided, within the context of reported kinetic and mechanistic information. The revisions mainly relate to the OH-initiated chemistry, which tends to dominate under atmospheric conditions, although these include updates to the chemistry of products that are also generated from the O3- and NO3-initiated oxidation. The revisions have impacts in a number of key areas, including recycling of HOx and NOx. The performance of the CRI v2.2 isoprene mechanism has been compared with those of the preceding version (CRI v2.1) and the reference MCM v3.3.1 over a range of relevant conditions, using a box model of the tropical forested boundary layer. In addition, tests are carried out to ensure that the performance of MCM v3.3.1 remains robust to more recently reported information. CRI v2.2 has also been implemented into the STOCHEM chemistry-transport model, with a customized close-variant of CRI v2.2 implemented into the EMEP MSC-W chemistry-transport model. The results of these studies are presented and used to illustrate the global-scale impacts of the mechanistic updates on HOx radical concentrations.

Occurrence of Aerosol Proteinaceous Matter in Urban Beijing: An Investigation on Composition, Sources, and Atmospheric Processes During the "APEC Blue" Period.

Aerosol proteinaceous matter is comprised of a substantial fraction of bioaerosols. Its origins and interactions in the atmosphere remain poorly understood. We present observations of total proteins, combined, and free amino acids (CAAs and FAAs) in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples in urban Beijing before and during the 2014 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit. The decreases in proteins, CAAs and FAAs levels were observed after the implementation of restrictive emission controls. Significant changes were observed for the composition profiles in FAAs with the predominance of valine before the APEC and glycine during the APEC, respectively. These variations could be attributed to the influence of sources, atmospheric processes, and meteorological conditions. FAAs (especially valine and glycine) were suggested to be released by the degradation of high molecular weight proteins/polypeptides by atmospheric oxidants (i.e., ozone and free radicals) and nitrogen dioxide. Besides daytime reactions, nighttime chemistry was found to play an important role in the atmospheric formation of valine during the nights, suggesting the possible influence of NO3 radicals. Our findings provide new insights into the significant impacts of atmospheric oxidation capacity on the occurrence and transformation of aerosol proteinaceous matter which may affect its environmental, climate and health effects.

Comparison of interactions between aluminium hydride oxide surfaces and three energetic plasticizers: DFT calculations

Abstract α- and γ-alumina (α-Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3) are used to model the surface oxide layer of AlH3 to investigate the micro-mechanism for the interactions of three energetic plasticizers: Bis-2,2-dinitropropyl formal (BDNPF), N-butyl-N-(2-nitroxyethyl) nitramine (BuNENA) and nitroglycerin (NG) with AlH3 surface oxidation layers. First principle density functional theory (DFT) calculations with all-electron double numerical basis functions (DND) are employed. It is found that three energetic plasticizers can be strongly adsorbed by the oxide film of AlH3 and release a large amount of heat. Moreover, BuNENA and NG containing -ONO2 groups easily undergo barrierless decomposition reactions on the α-Al2O3 (0001) surface and spontaneously produces NO2 radicals, causing significant changes in the structures of BuNENA and NG molecules as well as of the α-Al2O3 (0001) surface. Furthermore, NG can also undergo a barrierless decomposition reaction on the γ-Al2O3 (110) surface. However, BuNENA does not decompose on the γ-Al2O3 (110) surface, and it is not easy for BDNPF to decompose on either α-Al2O3 (0001) or γ-Al2O3 (110) surfaces; hence, it remains relatively stable. According to these results, it is suggested that the order of compatibility among the three energetic plasticizers with AlH3 is BDNPF > BuNENA > NG.

Alternanthera bicolor Produces Hypoglycemic Effect in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Mice through its Antioxidant Activity

The current investigation was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant properties of ethanolic extract of Alternanthera bicolor and to assess the potential hypoglycemic effect of the extract in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. HPLC-DAD method was used to determine polyphenolic compounds present in the extract. Different in vitro assays (i.e. DPPH radical scavenging activity test, reducing power test, NO radical inhibition assay and scavenging of hydrogen peroxide) were used to determine the antioxidant potential of the plant. Antidiabetic activity was evaluated in alloxan-induced diabetic mice by glucose tolerance test and standard biochemical analyses. HPLC-DAD analysis of the extract confirmed the presence of (+)-catechin hydrate, caffeic acid, quercetin and kaempferol. A. bicolor showed potent antioxidant activities in DPPH radical, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide scavenging assays. Moreover, A. bicolor showed potent reducing power and dose-dependent increment of total antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, the plant showed potent hypoglycemic activities in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Ethanolic extract of the plant at doses of 200- and 400-mg/kg body weight (administered orally for 3 weeks) significantly decreased the elevated levels of blood glucose, lipid peroxidation product TBARS, hydroperoxides and nitric oxide in experimental animals. Apart from these activities, the ethanolic extract of the plant restored the reduced catalase function in liver. From this study, we can conclude that ethanolic extract of A. bicolor exhibited hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities in alloxan-induced diabetic mice.
 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(1): 49-60, 2019 (June)

Alkaloid extracts from Bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) and Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) inhibit phosphodiesterase-5, arginase activities and oxidative stress in rats penile tissue.

The erectogenic potential of alkaloids extracted from Bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) and Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) was investigated in this study. Fresh leaves obtained from Bitter leaf and Black night shade were air-dried, pulverized, and extracted for alkaloids. The inhibitory potential of the alkaloid extracts on arginase and phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) activities in rats penile tissue was determined in vitro. The antioxidant properties were also evaluated and the constituent alkaloids quantified using GC-MS. The alkaloid extracts inhibited arginase (0-30.51μg/ml) and PDE-5 (0-133.69μg/ml) activities in a concentration-dependent pattern. Similarly, the alkaloid extracts inhibited Fe2+ -induced lipid peroxidation in rats penile tissues, scavenged DPPH, OH, and NO radicals as a function of concentration. GC-MS characterization revealed over 20 alkaloid compounds. The inhibition of PDE-5-, arginase-, pro-oxidant-induced lipid peroxidative-, and free radicals-scavenging activities by the alkaloids is suggestive of putative mechanisms underlying their therapeutic use for managing erectile dysfunction in folklore medicine. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Alkaloids extracted from Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) and Bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) were characterized and investigated by standard procedures for inhibitory action against key erectile dysfunction-linked enzymes and antioxidant activity. The alkaloids inhibited erectile dysfunction-linked enzymes (arginase and PDE-5) and showed considerable antioxidant activity in a concentration-dependent manner. In view of this, we suggest the application of these results in the development of erectile dysfunction drugs in the pharmaceutical industry, with probable minimal or no adverse effect.

Phytochemical, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory screening of the Egyptian Ulva lactuca methanolic extract

Ulva lactuca is widespread green algae. In some regions, it is used in nutrition. Its nutrients include iron, protein, iodine, vitamins (A, B1, and C) and trace elements. Their extracts showed potential antibacterial, hypolipidemic, cardioprotective and chemoprotective activities. The main chemical constituents of Ulva lactuca methanolic crude extract and its fractions were investigated in this study using different phytochemical and chromatographic methods. Biologically guided fractionation of plants or seaweeds extracts is considered the first step in drug discovery. So, the algal crude extract was fractionated then in vitro bioscreened for the determination of diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant, (Nitric Oxide) NO radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activities. Results showed that water fraction was the most active fraction. Phenolic content, detected from HPLC, play a role in the antioxidant activity. Finally, it can be concluded that Ulva water fraction is effective candidate to be used in the treatment of oxidative stress and related disorders

Comparative studies on phytochemistry, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of direct and sequential extracts of chromolaena odorata leaves

Phytochemistry, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of different solvent extracts of Chromolaena odorata leaves obtained by direct and sequential extraction were compared in this study. Antibacterial evaluation of the extracts was performed through a disc diffusion method. The results revealed that the solvents, Petroleum ether and Ethyl acetate showed the presence of a majority of the phytochemicals, Chloroform extract yielded maximum TPC and TAA and ethyl acetate yielded higher TFC when compared to other solvents. Ethanol and chloroform extracts showed lower concentrations of IC50 against DPPH and NO radicals respectively. Acetone recorded the maximum zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; ethyl acetate against Bacillus subtilis and Chloroform against Streptococcus mutans. Among the solvents studied for phytochemical content and bioactivities, ethanol showed a higher level of phytochemical extraction and better bioactivities. As a direct solvent extraction of C. odorata showed better efficiency when compared with sequential extraction, the study strongly recommends the use of a direct extraction method.

Predictive value of some pro-oxidants in type 2 diabetes mellitus with vascular complications.

The study aims to analyze oxidative stress levels in circulation of some reactive molecules and products of biomolecular modification in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with diabetes-specific vascular complications in order to determine their predictive value. Also, the alterations of their serum concentration with reference to disease characteristics were assessed. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide radicals (•NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (CO) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosin (8-OHdG) in serum were measured in 93 patients with T2DM with vascular complications, 94 control subjects and 16 diabetic patients who had no evidence of vascular disease. T2DM patients with clinically manifest vascular disease exhibit significantly elevated concentrations of all pro-oxidants in comparison to healthy subjects, with the highest degree of increase of •NO radicals. The levels of carbonylated proteins, ROS and 8-OHdG were significantly increased in insufficiently compensated diabetes as compared to good glycemic control state. Also, serum MDA, protein CO and 8-OHdG showed an association with glycemic control parameters. MDA, ROS and 8-OHdG correlated mostly with microvascular complications. Significant area under the curve (AUC) from plotted receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were obtained for all studied biomarkers, as for nitric oxide it was substantially bigger compared to those for the other pro-oxidants. Correspondingly, positive and negative predictive values related to the disease were in favor of the •NO radicals. The cutoff values of oxidative biomarkers may serve as an indicator of clinical reference for detecting T2DM with associated vascular complications, as nitric oxide radicals were the most reliable indicator.

Glucosylceramides From Lomentospora prolificans Induce a Differential Production of Cytokines and Increases the Microbicidal Activity of Macrophages.

Lomentospora prolificans is an emerging opportunistic fungus with a high resistance to antifungal agents and it can cause localized infections in immunocompetent patients and disseminated infections with a high mortality rate in immunosuppressed patients. Glucosylceramides (GlcCer) are synthetized in the majority of known fungal pathogens. They are bioactive molecules presenting different functions, such as involvement in fungal growth and morphological transitions in several fungi. The elucidation of the primary structure of the fungal surface glycoconjugates could contribute for the understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenicity. In this work, GlcCer species were isolated from mycelium and conidia forms of L. prolificans and their chemical structures were elucidated by mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). GlcCer purified from both forms presented a major species at m/z 750 that corresponds to N-2-hydroxyhexadecanoyl-1-β-D-glucopyranosyl-9-methyl-4,8-sphingadienine. Monoclonal antibodies against GlcCer could recognize L. prolificans GlcCer species from mycelium and conidia, suggesting a conserved epitope in fungal GlcCer. In addition, in vivo assays showed that purified GlcCer species from both forms was able to induce a high secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by splenocytes. GlcCer species also promote the recruitment of polymorphonuclear, eosinophils, small peritoneal macrophage (SPM) and mononuclear cells to the peritoneal cavity. GlcCer species were also able to induce the oxidative burst by peritoneal macrophages with NO and superoxide radicals production, and to increase the killing of L. prolificans conidia by peritoneal macrophages. These results indicate that GlcCer species from L. prolificans are a potent immune response activator.

Direct excitation of the spin-orbit forbidden X2π3/2 ← X2π1/2 transition in NO using the intra-cavity free electron laser FELICE

We present the direct far-infrared optical excitation of NO radicals from the electronic ground state to the spin-orbit excited state. This spin-orbit forbidden transition at a photon energy near 125 cm−1 borrows intensity by a small admixture of character into the wavefunction, and can be saturated using the intracavity free electron laser FELICE. In the state, the NO radical has a negligible magnetic moment, whereas the radicals have a large magnetic moment in the excited state. The direct optical excitation demonstrated here thus effectively 'switches on' the molecule's magnetic moment, and allows for the production of a sample of NO () with almost perfect quantum state purity. These optically prepared well-defined packets of magnetic NO radicals offer interesting prospects for the use of this benchmark molecule in molecular deceleration and trapping experiments.

Extended Born-Oppenheimer equations for non-Abelian situations: A study on NO3 radical and 1,3,5-C6H3[formula omitted] radical cation

Formulation of single-surface extended Born-Oppenheimer (EBO) equation is a long-standing problem for three or higher dimensional sub-Hilbert space mainly due to the difficulty to include the contribution of off-diagonal elements of anti-symmetric nonadiabatic coupling matrix (τ→) as the diagonal ones. Diagonalization of a vector matrix is possible only when its components commute with each other (i.e. curl τ→=0→) and thereby, that vector matrix (τ→) can be expressed as a product of a vector function and an antisymmetric scalar matrix. For two electronic state sub-Hilbert space (Abelian case), since curl τ→=0→ naturally, such factorization is readily obtained. In non-Abelian cases, for systems with three or more than three sub-Hilbert space, such factorization of nonadiabatic coupling matrix (NACM) may be achievable approximately (Sarkar and Adhikari, 2006; Sarkar and Adhikari, 2008), which will be explored further both theoretically and numerically. In this article, we take an attempt to generalize the single-surface EBO equations for higher dimensional sub-Hilbert space by selecting two realistic molecular systems containing Jahn-Teller (JT) conical intersections (CIs). The curl equations and gauge invariance (GI) of the eigenvalues of the NACM for NO3 radical and 1,3,5-C6H3F3+ (TFBZ+) radical cation are computed numerically, which clearly indicates the possibility to formulate single-surface EBO equations.

Theoretical study on the atmospheric oxidation reaction of 2-furanaldehyde initiated by NO3 radicals

Abstract Furanaldehydes have raised environmental attention due to their large emission and high potential to generate secondary organic aerosol. In this study, the removal process of 2-furanaldehyde initiated by NO3 in gas phase was investigated by quantum chemical calculations. The overall rate constant for trans-2-furanaldehyde initiated by NO3 is 1.04 × 10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at 298 K and 1 atm. The atmospheric lifetime of 2-furanaldehyde with NO3 is estimated to be 0.53 h. This study indicates that the night-time reactions of 2-furanaldehyde with NO3 could contribute to the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere, secondary organic aerosol formation and new particle formation.