Nitrogen-free Extractive Substances Research Articles

Metabolism and productivity of quails of Estonian breed when feeding the feed additive Krezatsin

The purpose of the work was to establish the metabolism and productivity of quails of Estonian breed when fed with the Krezatsin feed additive. Under the conditions of a quail farm, the feasibility of using the feed additive Krezatsin in the diets of quails of Estonian breed has been scientifi cally substantiated and proven. Its optimal dose in compound feed for quails has been identifi ed. It has been shown that the use of the Krezatsin additive in feeding quails increased the nutritional value of their feeding, had a positive effect on digestibility, the use of dietary nutrients, growth energy, the livability of quails, their egg and meat productivity. The use this additive reduced feed intake per unit of production. The data obtained in the experiment made it possible to theoretically substantiate and recommend additional resources for production to increase the effi ciency of quail production by optimizing the Krezatsin feed additive in their diets. It has been proven that the use of this additive when rearing quails in an amount of 50 mg per 100 g of compound feed contributed to the normalization of metabolism in the body of quails, significantly increased the digestibility of dry matter by 2,25 abs.%, organic matter by 2,16 abs.%, raw protein by 3,38 abs.%, crude fat by 2,67 abs.%, crude fi ber by 2,76 abs.% and nitrogen-free extractive substances by 1,16 abs.%. The tested additive contributed to better nitrogen absorption and use of macroelements diet. Feeding the studied additive as part of the compound feed contributed to an increase in the live weight of quails by 3,4 %, egg productivity by 6,0 %, improved the quality of eggs and reduced the compound feed intake per unit of production by 3,4 %.

Digestibility of feed nutrients when the NAA feed additive is included in the diet of geese

The purpose of the research was to study the digestibility of feed nutrients when different doses of the NAA feed additive were included in the diet of meat geese and to analyze the gain in live weight of the experimental poultry. The geese received the feed additive throughout the entire rearing cycle (from 1 to 60 days). A physiological experiment to study the digestibility of feed nutrients was carried out when the geese were 50 days old. On 6 geese from each group, the digestibility coefficients of dry matter, protein, fiber, fat, nitrogen-free extractive substances and ash were determined. During the experiment the amount of compound feed eaten, the amount of excreted litter and the live weight of the geese were taken into account. The results obtained indicate that of the three tested dosages (0,5 ml, 1,0 and 2,0 ml per 1 kg of compound feed), the dose of 1,0 ml per 1 kg of compound feed turned out to be optimal. Nutrient digestibility coefficients were higher in geese of the 3rd experimental group, whose diet was supplemented with 1,0 ml of feed additive per 1 kg of compound feed. The digestibility coefficients of dry matter, protein, fi ber and nitrogen-free extractive substances were higher in the 3rd experimental group compared to the values of herdmates in the 1st control group by 3,03 abs.%, 2,28 abs.%, 3,34 abs.% and 5,24 abs.%, respectively. In the 2nd and 4th experimental groups the coeffi cients of digestibility of dry matter of protein, fi ber, nitrogen-free extractive substances and ash were almost at the same level as the results of the 1st control group. The fat digestibility coeffi cient in the 1st control group was 84,49 %, and in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th experimental groups it was 82,44 %, 81,49 and 82,94 %, respectively. The feed additive at the dose of 1,0 ml per 1 kg of compound feed, which the geese of the 3rd experimental group received, had the significant impact on the dynamics of the live weight of the poultry. Already at 10 days of age geese from the 3rd experimental group were 10,2 g (p ≤ 0,05) heavier than their herdmates from the 1st control group; at 30 and 60 days of age, this difference was significantly higher than in 1st control group by 7,48 and 5,38 % (p ≤ 0,05), respectively.

Influence of cultivation techniques on productivity and quality of meadow clover

Meadow clover (red clover) is the most important fodder plant in most parts of Russia. Positive characteristics of this plant are the presence of a significant amount of reserve nutrients (crude protein, protein, nitrogenfree extractive substances) in the composition of plant tissues, which provides high fodder value. As a legume, meadow clover accumulates in the soil organically bound nitrogen, a large amount of organic mass of crop root residues, enriching the soil with nutrients and contributing to the increase of its physical and mechanical properties. The disadvantage of this crop is its short productive life. In this regard, it is necessary to intensify the cultivation methods for a short period of use in order to obtain the greatest return from the crop in the fodder and agronomic aspect. Intensification of cultivation methods means everything that contributes to the increase of plant productivity: application of mineral and organic fertilizers to improve mineral nutrition, inoculation of seeds before sowing to mobilize and activate soil microflora and productive symbiosis between plants and microbiota, use of growth regulators to optimize photosynthesis processes. The study of the influence of these intensification methods was the purpose of our research. It was found that the use of estimated doses of mineral fertilizers contributed most optimally to the processes of yield formation and final productivity of clover grass. Among all the strains of nodule bacteria studied, inoculant strain 348a was the most effective because it is speciesspecific for meadow clover. The use of growth regulators Ribav Extra and Root Super is a positive technique that provides optimal growth and development of plants during vegetation. The methods studied also had a positive effect on the seed productivity of the clover plants, increasing yield and seed quality.

Neural network analysis of the productivity of biogas plants for small agricultural enterprises

The article is devoted to the problem of assessing the productivity of biogas plants. The aim of the work is to build intelligent tools for evaluating the performance of biogas plants by determining the output of biogas depending on the properties of raw materials based on the fuzzy inference method according to the Sugeno algorithm. First of all, the output of biogas is influenced by the chemical composition of the raw materials used. The chemical composition indicators were obtained by the authors in the framework of experimental studies. To carry out the analysis, a knowledge base was built on the following parameters: humidity, crude ash content, crude fat content, crude protein content, crude fiber content, nitrogen-free extractive substances content. The fuzzification of its vertices in the section of 2- and 3-term sets has been carried out. Membership functions of fuzzy sets for each parameter are constructed. The fuzzification of the root is defined in 5 categories. A system of rules was compiled based on experimental data, and the biogas yield was calculated depending on the initial parameters. The results obtained can be used in the organization of biogas plants.

Эффективность применения новой кормовой добавки в птицеводстве

Purpose. Assessment of the influence of the organomineral feed additive "Si-lact" on the productivity and metabolism of broiler chickens. Materials and Мethods. The object of the study was broiler chickens of the Arbor Acres cross and an organomineral feed additive. The studies were carried out on 90 broiler chickens, divided into 3 groups: control and two experimental ones. The control bird received a diet according to the recommendations of VNITIP (2019), chickens of experimental group I were given an organomineral feed additive (lactulose, succinic acid, arginine, silicon), II – were given a feed additive devoid of lactulose. Morphological blood parameters were determined using a DF 50 VetPlus device (URIT Medial Electronic Co., Ltd, China). Biochemical studies of blood serum were carried out on a CS-T240 apparatus (DIRUI Industrial Co., Ltd, China) using commercial kits for veterinary research DiaVetTest (Russia). The chemical composition of broiler droppings, feed and body tissue was determined using standard methods. Statistical analysis of the data obtained during the experiment was carried out using the Statistica 10.0 program (StatSoft Inc., USA) and Microsoft Excel (Microsoft, USA). Results. Feeding with an organomineral feed additive (group I) ensured an increase in live weight of 2.28 kg, which was 10.7% (P≤0.05) higher than the same parameter in the control. The growth rate during the experiment in experimental group II was similar (2.27 kg; P≤0.05). At the same time, chickens of experimental group I in terms of live weight by the end of the experiment exceeded their peers from the control group by 17.9% (P≤0.05), group II – by 10.8%. The organomineral additive improved some metabolic parameters. The level of digestibility of organic matter, crude protein, carbohydrates and nitrogen-free extractive substances increases in experimental I by 5.6 (P≤0.05); 4.2; 5.9 (P≤0.05) and 5.3%, respectively, compared with control. Conclusion. An organomineral feed additive containing lactulose has a greater effect on the growth and, as a consequence, the productivity of broiler chickens.

The influence of coniferous-mineral additive on the milk productivity of fi rst-calf heifers under conditions of Yakutia

The purpose of this work was to carry out the infl uence of a coniferous-mineral feed additive on the milk productivity of fi rst-calf heifers under the conditions of Yakutia. The results of a research to study the influence of the coniferous-mineral feed additive on the milk productivity of Simmental first-calf heifers under the conditions of Yakutia have been presented in the article. The selection and testing of animals for the experiment was carried out according to generally accepted livestock technical methods. The inclusion of experimental feed additives in the rations of animals of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th experimental groups made it possible statistically signifi cant to increase the average daily milk yield of milk by 5,46 %, 5,96 and 5,83 % and the milk yield for the experiment (lactation) in these groups was more by 5,41 %, 5,96 and 5,80 %, respectively, compared to the 1st control group. The use of feed additives from local natural raw materials in the rations of experimental group of animals aff ected the digestibility and absorption of nutrients. Against the background of the use of experimental feed additives, the coeffi cients of nutrient digestibility in animals of the experimental groups increased compared to the 1st control group: for dry matter by 1,47 abs.%, 1,89 and 1,59 abs.%, for organic matter by 1,91 abs.%, 2,66 and 2,45 abs.%, crude protein by 1,49 abs.%, 1,89 and 1,63 abs.%, crude fat by 2,02 abs.% , 2,55 and 2,48 abs.%, crude fi ber by 2,46 abs.%, 3,78 and 3,40 abs.%, nitrogen-free extractive substances by 1,70 abs.%, 2,42 and 2,31 abs.%, respectively, by groups. Thus, the use of coniferous-mineral additive helps to improve the digestibility of nutrients in the body of animals and increase the milk productivity of cattle under the conditions of Yakutia.

The use of lupin variety “Deco” in the feeding of pigs

The purpose of this research was to study the effect on the digestibility of dietary nutrients and livestock parameters of young pigs of different doses of an alternative feed source such as lupine grain of the variety “Deco” instead of full-fat soybeans in the composition of compound feed. The studies were carried out on young pigs of DanBred genetics under conditions of a pig-breeding enterprise. Clinically healthy pigs were selected for the research. The method of analogues was used when selecting animals into groups, taking into account age, live weight, sex, etc. Four groups of animals were formed to conduct the experiment. There were 48 pigs in each group. The duration of the experiment was 124 days. The control group of young pigs was fed compound feed with full-fat soybeans. Herdmates in the 1st experimental group were fed compound feed with 50 % of full-fat soybeans replaced with the variety “Deco” lupine, in the 2nd experimental group with 75 %, in the 3rd experimental group full-fat soybeans were completely replaced with lupine grain. In relation to full-fat soybeans lupine grain of the variety “Deco” contained more dry matter by 0,08 abs.%, crude protein by 2,45 abs.%, crude ash by 0,35 abs.%, nitrogen-free extractive substances by 2,38 abs.%, the studied amino acids by 1,75 abs.%. Partial or complete replacement of full-fat soybeans in the compound feed with the lupine variety “Deco” led to the increase in the digestibility of nutrients in the body of young pigs with the following results: dry matter was digested more by 0,41–1,15 abs.%, organic matter by 0,23–1,00 abs.%, crude fat by 0,17–1,52 abs.%, crude protein by 0,92–1,83 abs.%, crude fi ber by 2,04–3,21 abs.%, nitrogenfree extractive substances by 0,12–0,43 abs.% compared to the pigs of the control group. The use of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus taken with compound feed in animals was greater in relation to analogues from the control group by 0,76–1,61 abs.%, 0,72–1,61 and 0,19–1,26 abs.%, respectively. At the age of 180 days, the live weight of pigs in the control group was 131,04 kg, and in the experimental groups it was 2,82–3,96 kg higher. There was the decrease in feed expenditures per 1 kg of live weight gain in animals of the experimental groups by 2,57–3,49 % in comparison with control analogues. In order to expand the feed supply in pig farming, increase the nutritional value of compound feed and reduce their cost, as well as increase the meat productivity of pigs we recommend input alkaloid-free lupine of the variety “Deco” into compound feed.

Feed digestibility, Nitrogen balance and productivity of broiler chickens with different sources of Copper in their compound feed

Studying the influence of various sources of Copper, namely its inorganic and organic form, on the digestibility and assimilation of nutrients in the organism of broiler chickens is actual. The purpose of the work: in a physiological (exchange) research conducted against the background of a scientific and economic experiment in the conditions of the vivarium of the Bila Tserkva National Agricultural University on 3 groups (50 heads each) of broiler chickens of the “Cobb-500” cross, to investigate the influence of inorganic and organic forms of Cuprum on the digestibility of nutrients, Nitrogen balance and poultry productivity. The first control group received cuprum sulfate, on average during the growing period 16.5 g/t of compound feed, the second and the third - experimental groups, which received 16.5 g/t and 12.5 g/t of cuprum proteinate compound feed, accordingly. According to the digestibility of raw protein, the broilers of the research groups exceeded the control analogues by 4.5–6.2 % (Р ≤ 0.05), crude fat – 3.1–4.3 % (Р ≤ 0.05), crude fiber – 3.5–4.4 % (Р ≤ 0.01) and BER nitrogen-free extractive substances by 2.2–6.4 % (Р ≤ 0.05). Nitrogen balance was positive in all experimental groups, but in broiler chickens of groups 2 and 3, compared to the control, its daily deposits were higher by 3.5–6.4 % (Р ≤ 0.05). Improvement of digestibility of nutrients and Nitrogen balance due to the use of cuprum proteinate caused an increase in the preservation of poultry stock in the experimental groups by 5.6–7.2 %. The replacement of copper sulfate with its proteinate, at the same concentration of the trace element in compound feed, had a positive influence on the average daily increments of broiler chickens and, accordingly, on their live weight. The advantage of the chickens of the 2nd experimental group over the control analogues was 7.5 % in terms of average daily gains and 9.4 % in terms of body weight at the end of the experiment. A decrease of 25 % compared to the control in the concentration of Copper in the compound feed of the chickens of the third experimental group also had a positive influence on the productivity of the poultry. Their advantage over control analogues in average daily body weight gain was 3.8 %, and in live weight – 5.8 %. A linear dependence of the productivity of broiler chickens on the amount of feed consumed was noted. Compared to the control analogues, the broilers of the 2nd experimental group consumed 3.3 % more feed, and the chickens of the 3rd experimental group exceeded the poultry of the control group by 1.5 %. Thus, compared to cuprum sulfate, cuprum proteinate is a more effective source of trace elements in compound feed for broiler chickens. At the same time, the concentration of Copper in poultry compound feed should be: at the age of 5–21 days – 18.2 g/t, 22–35 days – 16.8 g/t, 36–42 days – 12 g/t, or 16.5 g/t on average over the period of the experiment.

The effectiveness of using cocoa husks in the diet of broiler chickens

From the numerous lists, cocoa waste (husk, cocoa shell) is unconventional for Russian production. The value of the product lies in the content of pectin (10 %), amino acids, protein (27 %), fat (1,5-8,5 %) and dietary fi ber. It is obvious to search for alternative methods in the preparation of this raw material for feeding through the use of chemical and mechanical processing. The purpose of the research was a comparative assessment of the methods of preparation and use of cocoa production waste as part of the diet for the metabolism and productivity of broiler chickens. The experimental part of the work included laboratory experiments and scientifi c and economic experiments, as well as a production check, which was carried out in CJSC “Poultry Farm Orenburg” of the Orenburg region. In the cocoa husk treated with alkali in the amount of 45 g/kg, there was a decrease in the fi ber content from 21,5 to 10,5 % against the background of an increase in the amount of protein from 16,2 to 18,7 % and nitrogen-free extractive substances from 38,6 to 48,5 %, compared with the initial product. The processing did not have a signifi cant eff ect on the content of ash, crude fat and organic matter. Extrusion of cocoa husks treated with alkali had a beneficial effect on the availability of nutrients for digestive enzymes. At the same time, extrusion of processed raw materials with sodium hydroxide in an amount of 45 g/kg on average increased the availability of nutrients by 7–12 abs.%, the content of metabolic energy up to 10 %, compared with chemical processing of cocoa husks. As a result of production tests, the effectiveness of the use of cocoa husks (NaOH treatment 45 g/kg + extrusion) was established when replacing 5,0 % of the grain part in the diet of broiler chickens, which is confirmed by economic calculations and indicators of profitability of production.

Influence of different multienzyme drugs on the digestibility and absorption of nutrients by broiler chickens

Increasing the efficiency of the use of grain feeds and their processed products in the diets of highly productive poultry crosses is constrained by the presence of non-starchy polysaccharides in them, which themselves are practically not digested due to the lack of specifi c digestive enzymes in poultry. The problem is largely removed by the introduction of special feed enzymes having the appropriate activity. However, the question remains open about the eff ectiveness of certain multi enzyme compositions for the corresponding feed raw materials and the structure of diets. The purpose of the work was to study the infl uence of various multi enzyme drugs (Rovabio Excel, Akstra HAR and Vilzim) on the live weight, digestibility and absorption of nutrients of compound feed of boiler chickens. The scientifi c and economic experiment was carried out on broiler chickens of the cross Ross 308 at the Research Center for the safety and eff ectiveness of feed and additives of the Volgograd State Agrarian University. In order to conduct scientifi c and economic experiment, 4 groups of broiler chickens were formed (a control group and three experimental ones). The poultry were selected according to the method of analogues per 120 heads in each group. The live weight of experimental broiler chickens at the end of the rearing period (37 days) in the 1st experimental group was 2690,63 g, in the 2nd experimental 2719,40 g, and in the 3rd experimental 2676,11 g, which was higher than in the control by 7,53, 8,68 and 6,95 %, respectively. The use of multi enzyme drugs contributed to better digestion of nutrients by broiler chickens: crude protein by 0,66–2,14 abs.%, crude fi ber by 0,29–1,09 abs.%, crude fat by 0,29–1,18 abs.% and nitrogen-free extractive substances by 1,20–3,08 abs.%. The use of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus by chickens of the experimental groups was higher in comparison with the control group by 0,93–3,19 abs.%, 0,65–1,86 abs.% and 0,45–1,26 abs.%, respectively. In order to increase the digestibility of feed nutrients and increase the live weight of the cross Ross 308 broilers, the enzyme additives Rovabio Excel, Akstra HAR and Vilzim should be used at a rate of 50 g, 100 g and 20 g per 1 ton of compound feed, respectively.

PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY, PRODUCTIVITY, AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF MOWING AND GRAZING PHYTOCENOSES DEPENDING ON THE SPECIES COMPOSITION OF GRASSES

Studies of the photosynthetic activity of perennial grass mixtures allow for describing the peculiarities of the formation of perennial grass species forage productivity in the dry steppe zone. The study aimed to evaluate the cumulative effect of perennial cereal and legume grasses as part of complex grass mixtures on photosynthetic activity, productivity, and nutritional value of mowing and grazing phytocenoses. Adapting multicomponent grass created from various species of perennial grasses to the continental climate of the steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan commenced, capable of resisting biotic and abiotic stresses due to biological characteristics and positively influencing other species in the phytocenoses. The study determined photosynthetic activity, the yield of green and dry masses, dry matter content, crude protein, metabolizable energy of natural pasture, single-species sowing of awnless brome, and multicomponent grass mixtures. The communal herbage obtained as a result of the study contained a large amount of crude protein (20.6%–24.7%), crude fat (2.0%–4.2%), crude fiber (18.0%–22.7%), crude ash (7.1%–7.7%), and nitrogen-free extractive substances (35.0%– 44.1%). The results further enunciated that the perennial grass herbage in question had an average photosynthetic potential of 1,450,330 m2×day ha-1 in single-species awnless brome crops, while in grass mixtures the said potential was higher, ranging from 1,510,250 to 1,815,250 m2×day ha-1. The authors concluded that it was necessary to create mowing and grazing fields composed of productive and stable perennial grass mixtures on degraded pasture lands to increase available forage for farm animals and improve the system's resistance to adverse conditions.

The influence of agrotechnical techniques on the accumulation of sugars in the stems of sugar sorghum in the conditions of the Lower Volga Region

Sugar sorghum is mainly used for green fodder, haylage and silage. The accumulation of sugars occurs throughout the growing season. The relevance of the study is to identify a high-yielding variety or hybrid of sugar sorghum containing a large amount of sugars, which are later used for the manufacture of feed. The purpose of the study: to assess the impact of agrotechnical techniques on the feed evaluation of sugar sorghum. Tasks: to consider the dynamics of the accumulation of sugars in the stems of sugar sorghum; to calculate the yield of sugar from the stems of sugar sorghum; to determine the biochemical composition and gross energy of the green mass of sugar sorghum. The experience is three-factor in four-fold repetition. The experimental fi were located in the LLC “Kuznetsovskaya” Agricultural Complex of the Ilovlinsky district. The research period is 2009...2015. The research provided for the study of the nutritional value of sugar sorghum (crude protein, fat, protein, sugar, BEV). When determining the dynamics of the accumulation of sugar sorghum, the best indicator was on the variant of the joint use of the biostimulator of growth Lignohumate and mineral fertilizer on the hybrid Slavyansk homestead. For dump tillage, the average accumulation of sugars on this hybrid varied from 5.5 to 18.4% of dry matter, for zero tillage – 6.1 to 18.65%. The amount of sugar yield was influenced by the yield and concentration of sugars in the stems. The largest content was on the hybrid Slavic household. For dump and zero tillage, the best option was against the background of the combined use of a growth biostimulator and mineral fertilizer, amounting to 11.3 and 13.3 t/ha, respectively. When further determining the biochemical composition of sorghum, the best indicators for the content of crude protein, fat, fi and ash were on the Debut variety. On the Slavic fi VS variety and the Slavic homestead hybrid, these indicators had average values. The amount of nitrogen-free extractive substances contained more on the Slavic homestead hybrid, averaging 64.9%.

AMINO ACID COMPOSITION AND FORAGE VALUE OF GLYCYRRHIZA PALLIDIFLORA MAXIM. GRASS INTRODUCED IN KUZBASS

The purpose of the work is to study the pale-flowered licorice (Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora Maxim.) of the legume family (Fabaceae) herb amino acid composition and forage value, introduced in the Kuzbass. Eighteen proteinogenic amino acids were identified in the raw materials of the third and fourth years of introduction. Eight of them are irreplaceable and ten of them are replaceable. The amino acids total content differed significantly by years and amounted to 6.266±0.89% in the third year and 12.541±0.51% in the fourth year. The content of tryptophan, arginine, leucine+isoleucine, valine, histidine, aspartic acid, and serine varied more strongly from year to year. The content of proline, tyrosine, and methionine varied less. Amino acids with polar negatively charged radicals (acidic) prevail. Their part of the total amino acid content averages 36.20%. Amino acid’s part with non-polar radicals (neutral) is slightly less – 31.80%. The smallest specific weight had amino acids with polar positively charged radicals (basic) 11.85%. Aspartic and glutamic acids, leucine+isoleucine, arginine, serine, proline were characterized by a larger part of the total amino acids.
 The crude fat, protein, ash, Barnstein protein, nitrogen-free extractive substances and phosphorus content reached the highest values in the third and fourth years. The crude fiber and calcium amount decreased with increasing plant age. Metabolic energy and energy feed units for raw nutrients for cattle averaged 8.98 MJ/kg and 0.90, respectively. The highest values were reached in the third and fourth years of cultivation. Thus, pale-flowered licorice grass is a promising plant as a fodder crop and for the preparation of feed additives.

Chemical composition of barley with different methods of preparation for feeding

It is well known that the effectiveness of the use of feed products depends on the method of processing and preparation of feed for feeding. The purpose of the research was to study the chemical composition and nutritional value of barley grain before and after preparation for feeding in diff erent ways. The object of research was the grain of barley of naked barley varieties Nudum 95 and Granal 32 and fi lmy variety Chelyabinsk 99. The research was devoted to the study of the infl uence of diff erent methods of preparing barley for feeding on the chemical composition of the feed. The processing of barley grain in diff erent ways has had a signifi cant infl uence on its chemical composition. Germination of barley grains of the studied varieties led to an increase in the concentration of crude protein and crude fi ber in the dry matter compared with grain without processing. The amount of crude fat, nitrogen-free extractive substances and starch in sprouted grain has been decreased by 18 %, 11 and 15 %, respectively. When grain was extruded, the crude protein content of the fi lmy and naked varieties increased by 16 and 11 %, respectively, compared with grain without processing. There was a decrease in crude fi ber, crude fat and starch. The fl attening of the grain did not have a signifi cant eff ect on the nutrient content. Preparation of barley for feeding by a complex method (germination + extrusion) it contributed to the increase in raw protein in the feed compared to other methods. However, there was a decrease in the grain content of crude fat, nitrogen-free extractive substances and starch.

The effectiveness of the use of sorghum grain in feeding of farm animals and poultry

Corn, wheat and barley remain important sources of nutrients and energy in the diets of farm animals and poultry. According to statistics in the feed factories are allocated up to 45 % to corn, about 35 % to wheat, 25,5 % to barley. In this regard, the task of more appropriate use of the abovementioned grains and the search for alternative feed sources has appeared. In the Volgograd region sorghum of the variety Kamyshinskoe 75 is successfully grown, which is not inferior to corn in nutritional value. The purpose of the work was to increase the productive traits of farm animals and poultry when using sorghum as part of diets. A series of experiments was carried out on sheep of Volgograd breed under the conditions of the IFof the farm Abdalvagapov M. A., young pigs of three-breed hybrids at the LLC “TOPAGRO” enterprise, broiler chickens of the cross Ross-308 in the SRC Effi ciency and Safety of feed and Feed additives of the Volgograd State Agrarian University. The animals and poultry of the control groups were received the main diet with corn, and in the diet of animals and poultry of the experimental groups a complete replacement of corn with sorghum was made. Sorghum compared with corn was characterized by a predominant content of crude protein by 1,74 abs.%, crude ash by 0,38 abs.% and nitrogen-free extractive substances by 0,12 abs.%. At the end of the studies on sheep (age 120 days) in the experimental group the live weight was 35,19 kg, which was higher than in the control by 2,83 % (P > 0,99). The live weight of young pigs at the end of the experiment was 129,95 kg or 2,66 % more than in the control group. Broiler chickens from the control group weighed 2198,36 g by the age of 35 days and by 0,9 % more then in the experimental group. Thus, the complete replacement of corn grain by sorghum in the diets of experimental animals and poultry had a positive eff ect on their growth rate.

Feeding of young chickens of egg productivity under conditions of the Amur region with the use of biologically active additives

Due to the need to increase poultry production with the lowest economic costs, there will always be a need for research on the use of new feed additives and means. The inclusion of such additives in poultry compound feed increases productivity, improves metabolism and makes feed more effi cient. The purpose of the work was to study the eff ect of Co, I, Se asparaginates and the Vitacell probiotic when they are separately and jointly included in compound feed on the growth, development, metabolism and productivity indicators of replacement young chickens of the egg productivity direction. The research was carried out in AO “Belogorskaya Poultry Farm” in the Belogorsky area in the Amur region. It was found that asparaginates Co, I, Se and the probiotic Vitacell positively aff ected the dynamics of the live weight of the replacement young chickens. When they were used together, the eff ect of exposure increased. Thus, in the 3rd experimental group with the highest livability of chickens the maximum absolute gain in live weight was recorded at 984,2 g versus 934,1 g in the control group. In the physiological experiment on the replacement young chickens, it was proved that asparaginates Co, I, Se and the probiotic Vitacell positively aff ected the digestibility of organic substances and the metabolism of N, Ca and P. When they were used together (the 3rd experimental group), the digestibility of organic substances, crude protein, fi ber and nitrogen-free extractive substances was signifi cantly higher than in the control group, the nutrient availability coefficients of N, Ca, P were maximum and amounted to 73,86 %, 44,20 and 46,82 %, respectively.

Phytobiotics in the diets of laying hens of various crosses, influence of the genotype on the payment of forage

The paper presents the results of research on the introduction of phytogenic feed additives from local plant resources in the diets of egg-laying hens of different genotypes. The degree of assimilation (digestibility, use) of the feed nutrients and the conversion of the consumed feed (feed costs per 10 eggs and per 1 kg of egg weight) were determined. The costs of metabolizable energy and protein of feed per unit of production were analyzed. The composition of phytogenic feed additives under study: 1.5% (of the basic diet) flour of brown seaweeds (kelp) and 1.5% - flour of local wild herbs. It was found that their use in the diets of laying hens helps to intensify metabolic processes occurring in the body of all genotypes of poultry. The digestibility of the consumed forage hygroscopic moisture during the periods analyzed increased by 2.9-3.6%, protein digestibility by 2.9-4.3%, fat digestibility by 3.1-4.0%, nitrogen-free extractive substances by 3.9-4.6%, nitrogen use by 4.9-5.9% to the control indices of each genotype. Intensification of metabolic processes contributed to an increase in the payment for feed by products. Reduction of feed expenses for production of 10 eggs amounted to 5,5-7,3%, for 1 kg of egg weight - 8,4-13,9% to the control. The cost of metabolizable energy and protein of feed to produce a unit of product decreased. The analysis of the data revealed that laying hens of all genotypes responded positively to the inclusion of biologically active feed additive in their basic diet. The most "responsive" genotype (cross) to the intake of nutrients included in the phytogenic feed additive with the diet is the cross "Dekalb White". The birds of this cross showed higher results of intensity of metabolic processes of the body and payment for feed by products.

Digestability of nutrient of the diet when using the feed additive “Pulyar”

This article presents the results of a study of the possibility of using the feed additive "Pular" in the ration of broiler chickens. As a result of the conducted studies to determine the digestibility of the feed additive "Pular" in broiler chickens of the «ROSS 308» cross, it was found that at the age of 27 and 34 days, the poultry of the II and III experimental groups exceeded the control group almost in all indicators of the digestibility of the feed. The coefficient of digestibility of crude protein was higher in broiler chickens of the II and III experimental groups by 4.13-4.92%, fiber by 1.61 - 2.68%, ash by 85.55 - 97.71% and nitrogen-free extractive substances by 1.58 - 2.28 compared with the control group. In the conclusions based on the analysis of the conducted studies, the authors conclude that the inclusion of the feed mixture "Pular" in the ration contributes to a better assimilation of nutrients in the poultry body, as well as the efficiency of feed using, that contributes to increase of the growth rate of broiler chickens in turn.

Effect of the Cresacin Feed Additive on the Digestibility of Nutrients, Productivity and Egg Quality in Egg Laying Quails

The purpose of the article was to study the effect of the Cresacin feed additive on the digestibility and use of nutrients in the diet of egg laying quails, as well as their egg productivity and quality. The experiment was carried out on 600 heads of one-day-old quails of the Estonian breed, which were divided into four similar groups of 150 heads each. The optimization of this additive in the diets of the quails improved the digestibility of dry and organic substances compared to the birds from the control group by 2.25 and 2.16%, crude protein by 3.38%, crude fat by 2.67%, crude fiber by 2.76% and nitrogen free extractive substances by 1.16%. The optimization of the amount of this additive in the compound feed for egg laying quails in the second experimental group also increased the use coefficient of nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus in their diet. It improved growth energy, egg productivity, and egg quality compared to the control group. To improve the quality of feeding quails, increase their productivity and normalize metabolic processes in the body, the authors recommend introducing Cresacin into their diet in the amount of 50 mg/100 g of compound feed.

Chemical composition, nutritional and energy value of perennial cereal grasses depending on fertilizer

Purpose. To establish changes in the chemical composition, nutritional value and energy intensity of various types of perennial grasses feed under the influence of mineral fertilizers. Methods. General scientific – hypotheses, inductions and deductions, analogies, generalizations, and special – field, laboratory, analytical, mathematical-statistical, calculation-comparative. Results. The results of research on the content of organic and mineral substances in various types of perennial grasses feed, its nutritional value and energy intensity on sod-podzolic soils of the Carpathian region are presented. Conclusions. Nitrogen has the most positive effect on the chemical composition of cereal grass stands. With the fractional application of nitrogen fertilizers in a dose of N90 under each mowing against the background of application of P60K60, the content of crude protein in the dry mass of various types of grasses increased from 10.3-11.5% to 14.5-15.6%, or by 3.1- 4.0%, protein – from 7.6-8.0% to 10.0-10.8%, or by 2.2-2.4%, as well as tendentious crude fat, and the content of nitrogenfree extractive substances decreased from 46.8-51.2 to 41.9-45.9%, or by 4.2-4.9%. At the same time, the supply of digestible protein of the feed unit increased from 107-110 g to 142-152 g, or by 35-42 g. With the application of P60K60, compared to the variant without fertilizers application, the phosphorus content in the dry mass of grasses increased by 0.02-0.04% and that of potassium – by 0.20-0.36%. Most of these mineral elements, as well as raw ash, were accumulated by the Dactylis glomerata. Due to the improvement in quality through introduction of N90, perennial grasses are suitable for the production of high-quality grass feed, in particular hay, haylage and green fodder of the 1st class and artificially dried grass feed of the 3rd class.