Nitrite Anion Research Articles

Nitrite-stimulated Gastric Formation of S-nitrosothiols As An Antihypertensive Therapeutic Strategy.

Hypertension is usually associated with deficient nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, and therefore stimulating NO activity is an important antihypertensive strategy. Recently, many studies have shown that both nitrite and nitrate anions are not simple products of NO metabolism and indeed may be reduced back to NO. While enzymes with nitrite-reductase activity capable of generating NO from nitrite may contribute to antihypertensive effects of nitrite, another mechanism involving the generation of NO-related species in the stomach from nitrite has been validated. Under the acidic conditions of the stomach, nitrite generates NO-related species that form S-nitrosothiols. Conversely, drugs that increase gastric pH may impair the gastric formation of S-nitrosothiols, which may mediate antihypertensive effects of oral nitrite or nitrate. Therefore, it is now becoming clear that promoting gastric formation of S-nitrosothiols may result in effective antihypertensive responses, and this mechanism opens a window of opportunity in the therapy of hypertension. In this review, we discuss the recent studies supporting the gastric generation of S-nitrosothiols as a potential antihypertensive mechanism of oral nitrite. We also highlight some drugs that increase S-nitrosothiols bioavailability, which may also improve the responses to nitrite/nitrate therapy. This new approach may result in increased nitrosation of critical pharmacological receptors and enzymes involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension, which tend to respond less to their activators resulting in lower blood pressure.

Mice Lacking Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 5 Are Resistant to Listeria monocytogenes

To investigate the role of fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) in infectious diseases, FABP5-deficient mice were challenged with Listeria monocytogenes, a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen. Interestingly, FABP5-deficient animals were able to clear the infection within 3 days whereas control wild-type (WT) animals showed comparatively higher bacterial burdens in the liver and spleen. Sections of infected tissues showed an increase in inflammatory foci in WT mice compared to FABP5-deficient mice. FABP5-deficient mice had lower circulating inflammatory cytokines and increased inducible nitric oxide synthase production. FABP5-deficient mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages produced higher levels of nitrite anion than their WT counterparts in response to various stimuli. Additionally, in contrast to FABP5^–/– mice, transgenic mice overexpressing FABP5 in myeloid cells (LysM-Cre driven) showed decreased survival rates and increased bacterial burden and inflammatory cytokines. Overall, these findings suggest that increased FABP5 levels correlate with a higher L. monocytogenes bacterial burden and elevated subsequent inflammation.

The Effects of pH Values on Functional Mechanisms of Nitrite Anions for Q235 Carbon Steels in 0.01 mol L-1 NaNO2-HCl Solutions

For Q235 carbon steels in 0.01 mol L-1 NaNO2-HCl solutions with different pH values, the effects of pH values on the functional mechanisms of nitrite anions (NO2-) were studied. In the pH 1 and pH 2 solutions, the Q235 steels showed the electrochemical behavior of activation, and uniform corrosion (UC) was the main corrosion type on the Q235 surface. The presence of NO2- did not affect the electrochemical behavior and the corrosion type but only accelerated the anodic reaction of Fe oxidation. In the pH 3 and pH 4 solutions, the Q235 steels presented the electrochemical behavior of activation-passivation transition, and intergranular corrosion (IGC) occurred on the Q235 surface. The cathodic reaction of NO2- reduction resulted in the transition of electrochemical behavior from activation to passivation and the change of corrosion type from UC to IGC. In the pH 5 and pH 6 solutions, the Q235 steels exhibited the electrochemical behavior of self passivation-pitting, and pitting corrosion (PC) was present on the Q235 surface. The strong oxidability of NO2- played a critical role in the formation of γ-Fe2O3 passive film on the Q235 surface under the combined action of Fe2+ and NO2-.

Controlled nitrite anion encapsulation and release in the molecular cavity of decamethylcucurbit[5]uril: solution and solid state studies

Nitrite anion encapsulation was realized using molecular cavitands of decamethylcucurbit[5]urils as molecular receptors.

Cloning, Characterization and Anion Inhibition Studies of a β-Carbonic Anhydrase from the Pathogenic Protozoan Entamoeba histolytica.

We report the cloning and catalytic activity of a β-carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1), isolated from the pathogenic protozoan Entamoeba histolytica, EhiCA. This enzyme has a high catalytic activity for the physiologic CO2 hydration reaction, with a kcat of 6.7 × 105 s−1 and a kcat/Km of 8.9 × 107 M−1 × s−1. An anion inhibition study of EhiCA with inorganic/organic anions and small molecules revealed that fluoride, chloride, cyanide, azide, pyrodiphosphate, perchlorate, tetrafluoroborate and sulfamic acid did not inhibit the enzyme activity, whereas pseudohalides (cyanate and thiocyanate), bicarbonate, nitrate, nitrite, diethyldithiocarbamate, and many complex inorganic anions showed inhibition in the millimolar range (KIs of 0.51–8.4 mM). The best EhiCA inhibitors were fluorosulfonate, sulfamide, phenylboronic acid and phenylarsonic acid (KIs in the range of 28–86 μM). Since β-CAs are not present in vertebrates, the present study may be useful for detecting lead compounds for the design of effective enzyme inhibitors, with potential to develop anti-infectives with alternative mechanisms of action.

БІОХІМІЧНІ МАРКЕРИ МОРФОЛОГІЧНИХ ЗМІН У МІОКАРДІ ЩУРІВ ПРИ ЙОГО АДРЕНАЛІНОВО-КАЛЬЦІЄВОМУ УШКОДЖЕННІ

Вступ. Інфаркт міокарда є динамічним процесом, що супроводжується переходом оборотних змін до необоротного ішемічного ушкодження і завершується заміною зменшеної частини міокарда фіброзним рубцем.
 Метадослідження – визначити взаємозв’язок між змінами продуктів пероксидного окиснення ліпідів, окисної модифікації білків (ОМБ), нітрит-аніона та морфологічними порушеннями в серці тварин з адреналіново-кальцієвою моделлю його ушкодження і при корекції патологічного процесу кверцетином.
 Методи дослідження. Досліди виконано на 195 щурах-самцях лінії Вістар віком 5–6 місяців. Тваринам вводили адреналіну гідротартрат і глюконат кальцію, для корекції – кверцетин. У серці визначали концентрацію дієнових кон’югатів, ТБК-активних продуктів, ОМБ, нітрит-аніона. Гістологічні препарати вивчали при забарвленні гематоксиліном і еозином, за Гейденгайном, а також розглядали їх у поляризованому світлі.
 Результати й обговорення. При адреналіново-кальцієвій моделі ушкодження серця найбільше зростання концентрації дієнових кон’югатів і ТБК-активних продуктів спостерігали через 7 та 14 діб, ОМБ – через 24 год, через 3 доби (максимум), через 7 діб. Концентрація нітрит-аніона була високою в проміжку від 24 год до 21 доби (через 3 і 14 діб відмічено максимуми). Кверцетин сприяв зменшенню вмісту продуктів ОМБ через 7, 14 і 28 діб, дієнових кон’югатів – через 7, 14 і 21 доби, ТБК-активних продуктів, нітрит-аніона – в усі терміни дослідження. При морфологічному дослідженні виявлено порушення тинкторіальних властивостей, виникнення некрозів, контрактур. Зміни наростали зі збільшенням терміну дослідження та відповідали за часом відхиленням біохімічних показників. Кверцетин попереджував виникнення ушкоджень.
 Висновки. Виявлені морфологічні зміни підтверджували дані біохімічних показників. Морфологічні зміни наростали зі збільшенням терміну дослідження та відповідали відхиленням біохімічних показників. Кверцетин зменшував виникнення ушкоджень серця.

Sensor applications of polypyrrole for oxynitrogen analytes: a DFT study

Density functional theory calculations are performed to evaluate the sensing ability of polypyrrole for oxynitrogen analytes. Interaction energies of PPy-X (X = NO2-, NO2, and NO) are calculated at B3LYP-CP/6-31G(d) and B3LYP/6-31G(d) levels of theory and compared with the high level calibrated method (M05-2X/aug-cc-pVDZ). B3LYP-CP/6-31G(d) gives the best correlation with the high level calibrated method compared to B3LYP/6-31G(d). Interaction of oligopyrrole with analytes shows a significant effect on the geometric and electronic properties; the conjugation is increased in the pyrrole oligomers and movement of charge is increased over the polymeric backbone. The charge is transferred from analytes to pyrrole oligomers (except nPy-NO2), and a more pronounced effect of charge transfer is observed in the case of nitrite ion (NO2-) compared to NO. In nPy-NO2, the charge is transferred from polymer to analyte. This transfer of charge indicates the n-type doping effect of analytes. The HOMO-LUMO gap decreases after interaction with analytes, which results in a drop of resistance (conductivity increases). These theoretical outcomes are consistent with the experimental results; polypyrrole has more sensing ability toward the nitrite anion (NO2-). Graphical abstract High sensitivity of polypyrrole towards NO over NO2 and NO2.

Preparation of a New Polymerized Ionic Liquid-Modified Magnetic Nano Adsorbent for the Extraction and Preconcentration of Nitrate and Nitrite Anions from Environmental Water Samples

In this research, a new type of poly ionic liquid-coated magnetic nanoparticle (MNPs@PIL) was designed and prepared via free radical polymerization. The as-synthesized MNPs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and elemental analysis (EA). Then, they were successfully used as adsorbent in magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) method for the extraction of nitrate and nitrite anions from water samples, and the analytes were finally determined by ion chromatography/conductivity detection. The effects of several experimental variables (including pH of sample solution, amount of the adsorbent, extraction and desorption time) were studied and the optimum values were determined. Under the optimum experimental conditions, detection limits (S/N = 3) of the proposed method for nitrate and nitrite were obtained as 0.2 and 0.133 µg L−1, respectively. The repeatability of the method, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD), was lower than 5%. The proposed method was successfully applied for determination of nitrate and nitrite in real water samples.

Peculiarities of metabolites changes of nitrogen (ІІ) oxide and endothelin-1 in acute lung injury in experiment

Introduction. Structural damage to the alveoli is observed when acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which develops within hours and days after the end of the primary damaging factor. Pulmonary epithelium is an important component in the mechanisms of development and course of ALI/ ARDS. This justifies the research of new mechanisms of the influence of damaging factors on the pulmonary tissue and the organism of ARDS patients. The aim of the study – to learn the content of metabolites of nitrogen (II) oxide and the concentration of endothelin-1 in the lung tissues and to justify their role in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury in the experiment. Research Methods. Experiments were conducted on 54 white nonlinear male-rats, which were modulated acute lung injury by intratracheal administration of hydrochloric acid at pH 1.2 at a dose of 1.0 ml/kg per breath. The content of nitrite anion was determined in homogenates of lung tissues by spectrophotometric method, the level of endothelin-1 by the enzyme immunoassay method. Results and Discussion. Analysis of the nitrite anion in the lungs of rats with ALI indicates a sharp increase in the index under study after 12 hours of experiment, which lasts until the end of the day. It was noted that after 2 and 6 hours, the level of NO2 - increased by 20.38 % and 40.76 %, respectively, compared with the control (p <0.001). In the fourth research group, the nitrite anion content increases by 2.43 times, in relation to the 3rd test group, and by more than three times as compared with the results of the control. It should be noted that in determining endothelin 1 at 2 and 6 hours, its level increases by 17.43 % and 75.68 %, respectively, compared with the control (p <0.001). In the 4th study group, the endothelin 1 concentration increased 1.52 times compared to the 3rd experimental group and 2.67 times compared to the control group. Conclusions. In experimental acute lung injury, activation of nitroxidergic processes occurs due to a significant increase in nitrogen oxide metabolites in the lung homogenate. Acute lung damage in rats is accompanied by an increase in the level of endothelin-1 in the lung homogenate with the highest values after 24 hours of observation.

Antibacterial activity and a membrane damage mechanism of plasma-activated water against Pseudomonas deceptionensis CM2

In this work, the antibacterial effects and underlying mechanisms of plasma-activated water (PAW) against Pseudomonas deceptionensis CM2 isolated from spoiling chicken meat were investigated. The population of P. deceptionensis CM2 was significantly reduced approximately 5 log units within 10 min of exposure to PAW. The results of the scanning electron microscope clearly showed distinguishable morphostructural changes in P. deceptionensis CM2 as a consequence of PAW treatment. The permeability change in the outer and cytoplasmic membranes was evaluated by using 1-N-phenylnaphthylamine (NPN) and propidium iodide (PI), respectively. The fluorescence intensities of NPN and PI in P. deceptionensis CM2 cells were significantly increased after PAW treatment (p < 0.05), indicating the disruption of the membrane permeability barrier. Following activation with plasma, PAW acquires an acidic pH and a higher oxidation reduction potential and contains aqueous reactive species, such as H2O2, nitrate, and nitrite anions, which play a crucial role in the inactivation process of P. deceptionensis CM2 cells. These findings indicate that PAW is a promising alternative to traditional sanitizers used in food and food-processing environments.

CuAg nanoparticles formed in situ on electrochemically pre‐anodized screen‐printed carbon electrodes for the detection of nitrate and nitrite anions

CuAg nanoparticles (CuAgNPs) were electrochemically formed in situ on pre‐anodized, screen‐printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) that possessed many oxygen‐containing functional groups capable of adsorbing metal ions, namely Cu2+ and Ag+. Pre‐anodization was achieved using continuous cyclic voltammetry in the range of potential 0.3–2.0 V under a scan rate of 50 mV/s. Cu2+ and Ag+ ions were adsorbed on the pre‐anodized SPCE by immersing the electrode in solutions containing both metal ions, and then CuAgNPs were formed in situ via electrochemical reduction in a deaerated, neat NaClO4 solution after the electrode was ultrasonicated to remove physically adsorbed metal ions. Although CuNPs showed higher activity than AgNPs toward both nitrate (NO3−) and nitrite (NO2−) ions, the instability of CuNPs hindered the application, so CuAgNPs were employed to achieve a compromise between sensitivity and stability. The SPCE/anodized/CuAgNP electrodes showed activity toward the electrochemical reduction of NO3− and NO2−, respectively, with the limit of detection (LOD) of 15.6 μM (0.97 ppm) and 11.1 μM (0.51 ppm), which is sufficient to fit the allowed values (50 and 3 ppm, respectively) in drinking water as suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Comparative compositional analysis of transgenic potato resistant to potato tuber moth (PTM) and its non-transformed counterpart.

In this study, the compositions of transgenic potatoes (TPs) resistant to potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella) were compared with those of its non-transgenic (NTP) counterparts. The light inducible promoter, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase led to the expression of Cry1Ab only in the leaves and light-treated tubers of the TPs. No significant differences were found in the moisture, ash, dry weight, total soluble protein, carbohydrate, starch, fiber, ascorbate, cations, anions, fatty acids, and glycoalkaloids contents of TP and NTP. Moreover, light treatment significantly affected the contents of ascorbate, acetate and nitrite anions, palmitic, stearic and linolenic fatty acids, α-haconine and α-solanine glycoalkaloids in TP and NTP tubers. While, significant differences were observed in the amino acid contents in light-treated tubers of TPs than the NTP ones. Although, light treatment in potato tubers resulted in marked metabolic changes, all the variations observed in the metabolites compositions were found to be within the desired reference ranges for potato plants. In conclusion, the results indicated that the TPs were substantially and nutritionally equivalent to the NTP counterparts.

The nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway in health and disease

Inorganic nitrate and nitrite from endogenous and dietary sources have emerged as substrates for NO-synthase independent generation of NO and other bioactive nitrogen oxides. Bioactivation of nitrate requires the presence of nitrate reducing bacteria to generate the more reactive nitrite anion. This reaction takes place in the oral cavity where nitrate is actively secreted. Nitrite generates a multitude of nitrogen oxides in the acidic stomach and systemically after absorption. I will here cover the latest development in the field including mechanisms of activation, signaling pathways affected and physiological and therapeutic effects with a focus on the cardiovascular and metabolic systems. This story has an intriguing nutritional aspect considering that nitrate is abundant in our everyday diet.

Simultaneous electrochemical sensing of sulphite and nitrite on acid-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified electrodes

Detection of anions like sulphite and nitrite, which are environmental pollutants, by utilizing conducting substrates like multiwall carbon nanotubes with metal oxides and others are highly desired to monitor pollution. Herein, we report construction of COOH-functionalized, multiwall carbon nanotubes (HOOC-MWCNT) modified GCE for simultaneous estimation of sulphite and nitrite under neutral condition. The physiochemical characterizations of HOOC-MWCNT were carried out by using advanced characterization techniques to probe the thermal stability, morphology and functional groups present in the HOOC-MWCNT. From morphological studies, it was confirmed that HOOC-MWCNT has discrete tube like morphology with more active surface area which enhanced the sensor response of sulphite and nitrite anions. The modified GCE was used to detect sulphite and nitrite by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques. The peak separation between sulphite and nitrite are comparatively higher to probe the sensing of anions in nanomolar concentrations, it was found to be around 420 mV by CV technique. This potential difference is highly attractive to determine the sulphite and nitrite simultaneously. The sensitivity for the simultaneous determination of SO32− and NO2− were 25.29 μA cm-2 mM-1 and 209.9 μA cm-2 mM-1 and it had low limit of detection (LOD) of 215 nM and 565 nM, respectively, for SO32− and NO2−. To demonstrate the practical applicability, the proposed sensor was utilized for the determination of sulphite and nitrite anions in low concentration levels in different water real samples by the well-known recovery method.

Nitrite exerts antioxidant effects, inhibits the mTOR pathway and reverses hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy.

Cardiac hypertrophy is a common consequence of chronic hypertension and leads to heart failure and premature death. The anion nitrite is now considered as a bioactive molecule able to exert beneficial cardiovascular effects. Previous results showed that nitrite attenuates hypertension-induced increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the vasculature. Whether antioxidant effects induced by nitrite block critical signaling pathways involved in cardiac hypertrophy induced by hypertension has not been determined yet. The Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is responsible to activate protein synthesis during cardiac remodeling and is activated by increased ROS production, which is commonly found in hypertension. Here, we investigated the effects of nitrite treatment on cardiac remodeling and activation of this hypertrophic signaling pathway in 2 kidney-1 clip (2K1C) hypertension. Sham and 2K1C rats were treated with oral nitrite at 1 or 15 mg/kg for four weeks. Nitrite treatment (15 mg/kg) reduced systolic blood pressure and decreased ROS production in the heart tissue from hypertensive rats. This nitrite dose also blunted hypertension-induced activation of mTOR pathway and cardiac hypertrophy. While the lower nitrite dose (1 mg/kg) did not affect blood pressure, it exerted antioxidant effects and tended to attenuate mTOR pathway activation and cardiac hypertrophy induced by hypertension. Our findings provide strong evidence that nitrite treatment decreases cardiac remodeling induced by hypertension as a result of its antioxidant effects and downregulation of mTOR signaling pathway. This study may help to establish nitrite as an effective therapy in hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophic remodeling.

Relation between biochar physicochemical characteristics on the adsorption of fluoride, nitrite, and nitrate anions from aqueous solution

ABSTRACTThis study describes how physicochemical characteristics of rice straw-based biochar, prepared at a different pyrolysis temperature (550, 650, 750°C) and treated by HNO3 or H2O2 or KMnO4, influence on its removal capacity for fluoride, nitrite, and nitrate anions from the water. Biochars exhibit broad pore size distribution from wide mesopores (5.0 nm) to narrow micropores (1.0 nm). Furthermore, all prepared biochars have both basic sites (2.8–8.13 meq/g) and acidic ones (1.8–9.3 meq/g) on their surface. The effect of biochar porosity, acidity, and basicity on anions adsorption was studied. KMnO4- and H2O2-treated biochar give high nitrite and nitrate uptake in micropore range (0.03–0.05 cc/g) and mesopore range (0.01–0.06 cc/g) while HNO3-treated ones give low uptake in both micropore range (0.02–0.021 cc/g) and mesopore range (0.01–0.05 cc/g). As a conclusion, no particular characteristics seem to be an influential essential in the removal of anionic contaminants. These observations are useful to guide the surface modification of biochars as efficient sorbents for specific application needs and removal of environmental pollutants.

Protective effect of Eclipta alba against aluminum induced neurotoxicity and associated memory deficits in rats.

Abstract Aim: To evaluate the Protective effect of Eclipta alba against aluminum induced neurotoxicity and associated memory deficits in rats. Methods: Six groups of five Wistar rats each were used and all but the normal group was administered Aluminum chloride (4.2mg/Kg i.p). Methanolic extract of Eclipta alba leaves was given to drug treated groups. Anti-Alzheimer drug donepezil was given to standard group. Memory impairment was evaluated on Radial Eight Arm Maze in terms of average time spent in the correct (baited) arms and average number of reference memory errors (RME) and working memory errors (WME) during acquisition trails and retrieval trials. Brain tissue was evaluated for lipid peroxidation (TBARS), Superoxide anion generation (SAG), nitrite, GSH, Catalase and Total Protein Contents levels. Hippocampal regions of the brain tissue were evaluated histologically using Haematoxylin-Eosin Staining. Results: Al administration resulted in a decrease in the Average time Spent in the correct arms and an increase in the RME and WME. Moreover there as an increase in the levels of oxidative stress markers and decrease in the levels of free radical scavenging enzymes. Histologically, Al administration resulted in severe neuroinflammatory changes in hippocampal region of brain. All the above-mentioned behavioral, biochemical and histological effects were dose dependently reversed by administration of methanolic extract of Eclipta alba leaves at doses of 100 mg/Kg and 200 mg/Kg p.o. Conclusion: Aluminum induced oxidative stress could be implicating factor in neuroinflammation and dementia. Effect of Eclipta alba extract could possibly be attributed to the antioxidant activity of its phytoconstituents.

Protonography and anion inhibition profile of the α-carbonic anhydrase (CruCA4) identified in the Mediterranean red coral Corallium rubrum

CruCA4 is a secreted isoform of the α-carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) family, which has been identified in the octocoral Corallium rubrum. This enzyme is involved in the calcification process leading to the formation of the coral calcium carbonate skeleton. We report here experiments performed on the recombinant CruCA4 with the technique of protonography that can be used to detect in a simple way the enzyme activity. We have also investigated the inhibition profile of CruCA4 with one major class of CA inhibitors, the inorganic anions. A range of weak and moderate inhibitors have been identified having KI in the range of 1–100 mM, among which the halides, pseudohalides, bicarbonate, sulfate, nitrate, nitrite, and many complex inorganic anions. Stronger inhibitors were sulfamide, sulfamate, phenylboronic acid, phenylarsonic acid, and diethylditiocarbamate, which showed a better affinity for this enzyme, with KI in the range of 75 μM–0.60 mM. All these anions/small molecules probably coordinate to the Zn(II) ion within the CA active site as enzyme inhibition mechanism.

Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis and the structural characterization of novel the zig-zag Cd(II) metal-organic polymer and their nanostructures

A sonochemical method was used to synthesize nano-rods of a novel cadmium(II) metal-organic coordination polymer, [Cd(p-2yeinh)(NO2)]n (1) (p-2yeinh = pyridin-2-yl ethylidene-isonicotinohydrazide). The effect of the synthesis parameters such as time, concentrations and irradiation power has been studied and optimized. It was shown that the thickness of rods has changed from 27 nm to 45 nm. The compounds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XPRD), and single crystal X-ray analysis. The X-ray structure analysis revealed that the Cd(II) atom is coordinated by one oxygen and three nitrogen atoms from two p-2yeinh ligands and two oxygen atoms of single nitrite anion with a CuN3O3 donor set with distorted octahedral geometry. The crystal taking the form of a one-dimensional zig-zag polymer. The adjacent chains connected by π–π of adjacent aromatic rings of p-2yeinh and other weak interactions. Consequently, the weak interactions also allow the 1D zig-zag structure to form a 3D metal-organic coordination polymer. CdO nanoparticles were prepared by thermolysis of compound 1 at 180 °C with oleic acid as a surfactant. The average diameter of the nanoparticles was estimated by XPRD to be 23 nm. The morphology and size of the prepared CdO nanoparticles were further studied using SEM.

A rapid and sensitive evaluation of nitrite content in Saudi Arabian processed meat and poultry using a novel ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method.

Quantitative assessment of nitrite (NO2-) anion was performed using a newly developed high throughput ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric (UPLC-MS) method. The nitrite determination with the proposed method using micellar mobile phase was unknown. Selected ion reaction mode using negative electrospray ionization was adopted for the identification and quantitative analysis of nitrite. The chromatographic separation was performed using BEH C-18 column and a micellar mobile phase consisted of sodium dodecyl sulphate and acetonitrile in ratio 30:70 was used. The elution of nitrite anion was accomplished in less than 1min. Under the optimal analysis conditions, the linearity of the developed method was checked in the concentration range of 0.5-20mgkg-1 NO2- with an excellent correlation coefficient of 0.996. The precisions of the method with relative standard deviation <2% was observed when standard at concentration of 1mgkg-1 was used. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation of the developed mass spectrometric method was found to be 0.114 and 0.346mgkg-1, respectively. The developed UPLC/MS method was applied to quantify this anion in processed meats and poultries from various super market of Saudi Arabia (Riyadh region). The recoveries of the nitrite in the various samples were found in the range of 100.03-103.5%.