Abstract
Inorganic nitrate and nitrite from endogenous and dietary sources have emerged as substrates for NO-synthase independent generation of NO and other bioactive nitrogen oxides. Bioactivation of nitrate requires the presence of nitrate reducing bacteria to generate the more reactive nitrite anion. This reaction takes place in the oral cavity where nitrate is actively secreted. Nitrite generates a multitude of nitrogen oxides in the acidic stomach and systemically after absorption. I will here cover the latest development in the field including mechanisms of activation, signaling pathways affected and physiological and therapeutic effects with a focus on the cardiovascular and metabolic systems. This story has an intriguing nutritional aspect considering that nitrate is abundant in our everyday diet.
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