Ninth Year Research Articles

El Blog como Herramienta Didáctica en el proceso de Enseñanza Aprendizaje de Estudios Sociales

En los últimos tiempos la tecnología ha llegado a cambiar algunas formas de pensamiento en los seres humanos, en la antigüedad todo era muy rudimentario, con el aparecimiento de instrumentos que el hombre pudo cambiar la vida en la tierra con los años nacieron las tecnologías y esto llegaron a evolucionar el mundo entero ahora todo es muy rápido y muy moderno ,la educación forma parte de esos cambios modernos, las clases eran impartidas en un salón de con pizarra y marcadores de tinta, ahora vemos como las herramientas digitales han llegado a incorporar nuevos proceso s de aprendizaje donde existe la participación activa e interacción entre docentes, estudiantes y sociedad en general. Es por eso se plantea el presente artículo científico, con el objetivo de crear un Blog Educativo como herramienta didáctica para mejorar los procesos educativos en la materia de Estudios Sociales para estudiantes de noveno año de la Unidad Educativa "Juan Montalvo" de la ciudad de Quito, Ecuador. Su desarrollo metodológico se fundamentó en técnicas como la observación, la encuesta, las fichas bibliográficas, lincografías, hemerografías y mnemotécnicas, que ayudaron en la creación, diseño y estructuración del blog, así como en el registro de la información en la plataforma y la validación del recurso según la perspectiva de docentes y estudiantes. Según los resultados, se concluyó que los docentes consideraron útil la implementación del blog Educativo, por el apoyo y fortalecimiento, que proporciona al proceso de aprendizaje; mientras que los estudiantes mostraron motivación en la realización de las actividades, a través de la interacción con la plataforma y la comunidad de aprendizaje en el logro del conocimiento.

FOSTERING THE LISTENING SKILL OF INDONESIAN NINTH GRADERS OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL THROUGH DICTOGLOS

This study aimed at improving the students’ listening skill through Dictoglos. The design of the study was a classroom based action research which was carried out in two cycles, each comprising two teaching learning sessions and one post-test. The subjects were the ninth year students of SMP Negeri 1 Rendang at class IX D. The data were collected through listening test and analyzed descriptively. The results revealed that the students’ listening skill could be improved through the use of Dictoglos as proven by attainment of the class success indicator(class learning mastery level) 90% by the end of cycle 2, which was improving from 67% in cycle 1 and 47% in the pretest.

A Tale of Two Twins

This is the ninth year the Biochemical Society has run the Science Communication Competition. The competition aims to give talented young science communicators the opportunity to have their work published in The Biochemist. This year's competition attracted entries from around the world covering a wide variety of topics, in both the written and video categories. The entries were judged by our expert panel of judges. In this issue we are proud to present the winning entry from the written category by Judy Sayers from the University of Cambridge.

Production of Wood Pellets from Poplar Trees Managed as Coppices with Different Harvesting Cycles

High-density biomass plantations have played a key role in the national energy landscape in Italy since the 1990s but, to date, an inversion of tendency and a significant reduction of cultivated areas has been noted. Despite this, the existing plantations have seen their coppicing rotation become significantly lengthened, resulting in large quantities of biomass per hectare. This study aimed to identify the best raw material suitable for pellet production using whole trees or stems without branches from poplar plantations at the end of the third, sixth and ninth year of age. All types of pellets made reach the requirements of class A1 for diameter, length, moisture content, ash melting point, lower heating value, as well as nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and heavy metals. None of the theses satisfied the bulk density parameters while for ashes and mechanical durability, a great variability was observed according to the different raw materials used. An improvement in terms of heating value was observed by transforming the poplar wood chips refined into pellets. The pelletizing process using high density poplar plantation as a raw material highlights the possibility of obtaining a product that meets many of the quality standards required on the market. These aspects are closely related to the innovation carried out in the agro-forestry sector for effective energetic sustainability.

Bacteria and virus removal in denitrifying bioreactors: Effects of media type and age

Denitrifying bioreactors are simple, low-cost ecotechnologies designed to reduce nitrate (NO3−) present in septic tank effluent and drainage water. Recent studies indicate that, in addition to significant reduction in NO3− loads, these systems are also able to remove microbial contaminants from municipal wastewater. However, the removal of microbial contaminants in denitrifying bioreactors remains poorly characterised and factors that control removal in denitrifying bioreactors remain unexplored. In this study, the removal efficiency of faecal indicator bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) and total coliforms (TC) as a model for bacterial pathogens and F-specific RNA bacteriophage (FRNA bacteriophage) as a model for viruses was assessed for mesocosm-scale (∼700 L) bioreactors receiving municipal wastewater. Systems were filled with two different slow-release carbon sources: woodchip and coconut husk. The effect of media age on attenuation of microbial contaminants was assessed by comparing the performance of 8-year old systems with equivalent newly constructed woodchip and coconut husk bioreactors. Additionally, removal performance of these carbon substrates was compared to that of gravel, a non-carbon substrate commonly used in subsurface flow (SSF) constructed wetlands. Substantial reduction of E. coli, TC and FRNA bacteriophage from primary treated municipal wastewater was achieved in all bioreactors. Mean annual log10 removal efficiencies were similar between microbial indicators ranging from 1.4 to 1.9 for TC, 1.3 to 1.8 for E. coli and 1.3 to 2.0 for FRNA bacteriophage. All denitrifying bioreactors showed consistent year-round performance and long-term performance which did not markedly change in the ninth year of operation. The woodchip or coconut husk bioreactors achieved microbial effluent quality within the same range of log10 removal rates achieved in gravel-based systems. This suggests that denitrifying bioreactors, as well as reducing N loads, can effectively reduce microbial contaminants in wastewater, providing a complimentary disinfection role. Further research is needed to increase understanding of factors affecting removal of microbial contaminants in denitrifying bioreactors to support design of these systems for microbial contaminant removal.

The Relationship Between Occupational Exposure to Low-dose Ionizing Radiation and Changes in Thyroid Hormones in Hospital Workers.

The effects of ionized radiation on the thyroid have been extensively studied. However, most studies have focused on high-dose radiation received accidentally or through therapy, and few were on low-dose occupational exposure. Using a retrospective cohort study design, we collected health examination reports from employees who worked on jobs with occupational exposure to radiation at a hospital to evaluate possible changes in the serum thyroid hormones and determine whether there is a dose-response effect. After excluding those with diseases that may affect thyroid function and who were pregnant at any given examination during the study periods we followed the remaining 326 workers for 12 years and evaluated the associations between radiation exposure and changes in serum thyroid hormones using the generalized estimating equation for repeated measures. Data from an external comparison cohort were used to adjust for changes over time. We observed declines in triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) over the study period, but not in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). In addition, we found negative dose-response relationships between exposure duration and declines in the serum levels of T3 (a change of -0.037 ng/ml/year after adjusting for sex and age at the beginning of follow-up; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.042, -0.032 ng/ml/year) and T4 (-0.115 µg/dl/year; 95% CI = -0.140, -0.091 µg/dl/year). We also observed an increase in the TSH level (0.683 µIU/ml/year; 95% CI = 0.151, 1.214 µIU/ml/year) after the ninth year of follow-up. We concluded that despite low exposure doses, occupational exposure to ionizing radiation in healthcare workers still may be associated with the declines in the serum levels of T3 and T4.

Managing forest plantation for suitable water resources

Extended Controversial debate on the impact of forest plantation has been going on for several decades. Some researchers have examined reduction on water yield because of the expansion of plantation forest areas along with the increase in ages [1-3]. On the contrary, forests have been recognized to provide a positive effect on ecosystem functions and services in watersheds [4] and to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change [5]. Regarding these two opinions, which consider that forests reduce water yield and forests provide benefits for environmental, Ellison et al. [6] have tried to classify into demand and supply sides. The first group which is the ‘demand side’, consider that either trees or forests use the existing water and they cause a lack of available water for downstream areas [6]. The second group which is the ‘supply side’ believes that forest has essential roles in the water cycle, and consider increasing forest cover will improve environmental condition including increasing water resources [6]. Due to different opinions about the effect of forests on environmental, especially water yield, therefore some research findings from the previously published papers are presented in this paper. The aim of the paper is to present research findings of some characteristics of water yield from forest plantation including teak and pine catchments and to provide some considerations for sustainable water resources in forest plantation watersheds.A previous study conducted by [7] in Loess Plateau-China found that planted 80% of the treated catchment reduced 32% of water yield compared to natural grassland. Although the forest plantation reduced water yield, however, it reduced the volume and peak flow of storm runoff events [7]. [1] also in China observed that afforestation at the semi-arid, northern China, decreased 50mm/year (50%) of water yield and 300 mm/year (30%) of water yield in the tropical (southern) region. In South Africa, [8] examined that conversion of grassland (annual runoff of 236 mm) into eucalypts in the entire catchment causes a significant decrease in streamflow in the third year after planting and the stream dried up completely in the ninth year after planting. Afforestation of grassland (annual runoff of 217 mm) with pines of an entire catchment causes a significant decrease in streamflow in the fourth year after planting and the stream to dry up completely in the twelfth year after planting.In Indonesia, [9] conducted research on the impact of various old teak plantation based on catchments measurements. The research finding showed that the higher the teak areas, the lower the annual water yield [9]. The analysis was based on data from 2008 to 2015 [9]. At the same study areas, the trendline showed that the higher the old teak coverage areas the higher the low flow. The decrease in annual water yield with the increase in forest plantation was also found by [10] in a pine plantation. Similar to [7], [11] also found that the pine plantations can reduce peak flow until a certain level of a rainfall event. For rainfall <70 mm/event, there was a trend line indicated that the increase in pine plantation areas will decrease the peak flow [11]. For rainfall >70 mm/event, however, the trendline showed a horizontal shape which showed that the peak flow at the catchment covered by pine plantation area of 40 % until 95% are almost similar [11]. At the same catchments covered by various pine plantation areas, research findings of [11] showed that at daily rainfall >70mm, a positive correlation trend between rainfall and base flow was observed. At daily rainfall 40 -70 mm, the trend lines between rainfall and base flow were horizontal and for daily rainfall <40 mm, most of the graphics showed negative correlation [12].

Accenture/Ponemon Institute: The Cost of Cybercrime

Now in its ninth year, this annual report never makes for comfortable reading. The numbers it places on the consequences to businesses of falling victim to cybercrime are simply eye-watering. And while Accenture, the sponsor of this year's report, tries to put a positive spin on the issue, the overall message is that things are getting worse.

Alley Cropping Increases Land Use Efficiency and Economic Profitability Across the Combination Cultivation Period

Alley cropping allows the famer to effectively use available resources and yield more benefits. Choosing suitable associated crop and mitigating the competition between trees and crops are crucial for designing the alley cropping systems. We conducted a long-term experiment, including apple (Malus pumila)/peanut (Arachis hypogaea), apple/millet (Setaria italica) and apple/maize (Zea mays) alley cropping systems with conventional intercropping distance, and corresponding monocultures (Exp.1), and a short-term experiment with improved intercropping distance in the same three combinations (Exp.2) in the Loess Plateau, China. The results showed crop yields in three alley cropping systems were lower than the corresponding monocultures. Apple yields were significantly constrained by millet and maize in the alley cropping systems, but not sensitive to the presence of peanut. Land equivalent ratios (LERs) ranged from 0.44 to 0.89 before the tree bore fruit. The LERs were greater than 1.0 after the tree bore fruit, and the apple trees made a decisive contribution to the land use advantage. Net present values of three alley cropping systems were on average 60.1% higher than the corresponding monocultures across the alley cropping period. The maximum annual present value in the first–fifth, sixth and seventh–ninth years after the alley cropping establishment was observed in the apple/maize, apple/millet and apple/peanut system, respectively. These results highlight that choosing the optimal alley cropping management and suitable associated crops at different years after establishment may allow farmers to increase the land use efficiency and economic profitability.

Mediation in Syria, 2016–19: A Tale of Two Processes

As it entered its ninth year in the spring of 2019, the civil war in Syria had taken a heavy toll on the country. Battle-related deaths approached half a million, four out of five Syrians lived below the poverty line, and more than half of the population had been displaced or fled the country. Damage to infrastructure had severely disrupted public service provision, including in core areas such as health and education. The World Bank estimated that material damages summed to more than four times the entire Syrian GDP before the war, and that reconstruction, whenever it would start, would take at least a decade to complete. The gravity of the situation in Syria is lost on no one. “It has been a dirty, brutal and horrific war”, Staffan de Mistura, the United Nations (UN) Special Envoy for Syria, said as he made his departing briefing to the Security Council in December 2018. In the same year, the UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres identified the Syrian crisis as the “most serious threat to international peace and security” in the world. Seeking to mitigate the consequences of the Syrian crisis, states and international organizations have intervened to provide their good offices, to mediate, or host negotiations. Mediation interventions started already in 2011, soon after the war erupted, and, with varying intensity, have continued through today. This chapter reviews mediation and negotiation efforts in the Syrian civil war since 2016. The ambition is to provide an overview of the key initiatives, identify the main obstacles to resolution, and to discuss the Syrian case in light of broader trends in international peacemaking. As such, it contributes to the literature on mediation in Syria, extending it to the 2016-2019 period, which has not been systematically covered in existing work.

Famous Men Of Khasam Tribe In The Early Of Islam

Abstract The men of the khasam tribe lived in different parts of the Arabian Peninsula and often idolaters Before Islam. With the advent of Islam, they gradually and eventually in the ninth year of AH became Muslim, They believed in the Prophet and they participated With prophet in the battles and haj-al-wedaa, and after the demise of the Prophet, they participated in various battles and conquests, and each played a major role in the history events. One way of recognizing celebrities is to introduce them in the form of a text because each tribe is known with the name of its celebrities in history Celebrities always keep their names in history and their biographies help to strengthen their native and tribal culture. Their biographical review enhances indigenous and tribal culture. And the clarification of their role in the past helps us to divide celebrities into three categories: Political celebrities, cultural celebrities and religious, Military political celebrities who were often commander of wars and also they had the ability and talent of war. And the cultural celebrities were poets and scribes. And the third was the religious celebrities and mohdads of that time. All three categories of these celebrities are seen among the men of the khasam tribe of the tribe, whose performance differed according to the difference in vision and family and place of residence and their social interests

RA V9 N1, Mensaje del Editor en Jefe (Enero - Abril 2019)

Revista Latinoamericana de Control de Calidad, Patologia y Recuperacion de la Construccion http://www.revistaalconpat.org Es motivo de satisfaccion y alegria para el equipo de la Revista ALCONPAT ver publicado el primer numero de nuestro segundo ano al aire. El objetivo de la Revista ALCONPAT (RA) es la publicacion de casos de estudio relacionados con los temas de nuestra asociacion, o sea control de calidad, patologia y recuperacion de las construcciones motivando desde luego la presentacion de investigaciones basicas o aplicadas que pudiesen tener aplicacion con los casos de estudio. En este V2N1, iniciamos con nuestro articulo especial invitado, procedente de Portugal , donde Fernando Branco presenta una nueva filosofia para proyectar mas de 100 anos de vida de servicio en puentes. Fernando discute con propiedad la aplicacion de esta metodologia por primera vez en el Puente Vasco de Gama que fue proyectado para durar 120 anos. Fernando discute con claridad la fase de proyecto, de construccion y de gestion durante la vida de servicio. Entre los retos que nos presenta la industria de la construccion y la vida de servicio de las estructuras se encuentra desde luego la habilidad de producir cambios de uso para darle valor o extender la vida de una estructura. Este es el caso de un antiguo hotel transformado en banco que Alfredo Payer y sus colegas de Argentina describen con detalle desde la modelizacion numerica y analisis estructural de la estructura antigua y la refuncionalizada hasta el mismo procedimiento de construccion. Sin duda una exitosa rehabilitacion. En muchas ocasiones nos enfrentamos a verdaderos retos de inspeccion y restauracion que por sus caracteristicas pueden ser experiencias unicas. Muchas de estas no serian posibles sin un conocimiento adecuado del concreto y sus propiedades. Por ello, en este numero se abordan temas relacionados con el control de calidad que coadyuvan al buen entendimiento de la tecnologia del concreto y del capital humano. En el tercer articulo, Romel Solis y colegas de Mexico , presentan un caso como el que podria ocurrir en un clima calido, donde analizan la maxima resistencia de diseno que podria obtenerse con agregados triturados de alta absorcion. Mediante un procedimiento riguroso encuentran que 500 kg/cm2 es el valor maximo a obtener. Como nota curiosa, en sitios donde es comun el uso de agregados triturados de piedra caliza y el clima calido en Mexico se tenia la creencia de no poder alcanzar resistencias mecanicas mayores a 300 kg/cm2, tema que desde luego desmitifica el trabajo de Solis y sus colegas. En el cuarto articulo, Edith Cordova presenta un caso de El Salvador donde se logra documentar como el entrenamiento y supervision son clave para que el capital humano se convierta en un factor determinante en la calidad de las obras. Particularmente llama la atencion el uso de herramientas educativas y tecnologicas que se utilizan en este caso para llegar a su objetivo. El quinto articulo de RAV2N1 procede de Espana y en el Vicente Alegre y colegas muestran en forma por demas didactica el caso del colapso de la cubierta metalica de un polideportivo en donde ocurrieron problemas patologicos singulares pero que ya se habian presentado en otras obras. El sexto y ultimo articulo de esta edicion procede de Brasil , donde Santor y colegas presentan la influencia de los materiales de proteccion en la resistividad del concreto Cada numero de RA busca balancear la participacion de temas afines al objeto social de la ALCONPAT, por lo que la ingenieria estructural, el control de calidad, la inspeccion, diagnostico y reparacion se dan cita en cada numero desde los diferentes paises que conforman nuestra sociedad. Por el Consejo Editorial Pedro Castro Borges Editor en Jefe

MILITARY OF ANCIENT EGYPT DURING THE REIGN OF RAMESSES II

This article presents the peculiarities of military development during the reign of Ramesses II. It is usually assumed that the heyday of ancient Egypt had begun in times of pharaoh Seti’s reign. In the ninth year of his reign, he appointed his son and heir as the co-regent, and since that time, Ramesses' II military activity had begun. Ramesses obtained the first military victory in the naval battle against the “Sea Peoples”. In the second year of his reign, and in the future he succeeded in wars against the Hittites in Asia Minor, as well as against Syria and Phoenicia. Peace arrangement established between Egypt and the Hittite kingdom was about 1270 BC, had lasted more than a century. As a result, it contributed to the unprecedented rise of the economic life in the Middle East. The peace treaty was translated into Egyptian language and was immortalized on the walls of the Karnak and the Ramesseum. The text of the treaty, what pharaoh sent to Hattusili in exchange for his tablet, was also in cuneiform, inscribed in the Akkadian language – common language of that time. Its fragments have been preserved at the Bogazkale archives. Mainly, the treaty was created to ensure the mutual guarantee, that both sides would not invade the other's land, would give an aid, infantry and chariots if either party is attacked by a third party or in case of rebellion. Both sides promise to the other to repatriate refugees. It was the first in world history diplomatic agreement that is saved till nowadays. After the signing of this peace treaty, or because of the deterioration of health, the period of active military campaigns of Ramses II had ended. The time of active diplomatic correspondence between the two countries had begun. Messages from Ramesses II, his family and vizier Paser addressed to king Hattusili III and his wife Puduhepa were found at the Bogazkale archive. Egyptian doctors were often sent to the Hittites’ court.

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Patients with Biliopancreatic Diversion After 10Years of Follow-up, and Relationship with Vitamin D and Serum Calcium.

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a matter of concern after biliopancreatic diversion (BPD). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between SHPT, 25(OH)D, and calcium after BPD. A retrospective analysis in obese patients after BPD performed between 1998 and 2016. Patients with at least 1year of follow-up were included. SHPT was considered when PTH > 65pg/mL in the absence of an elevated corrected calcium. 25(OH)D (ng/mL) status was defined as: deficiency < 20, insufficiency 20-29.9, and sufficiency ≥ 30. In total, 321 patients were included (76.6% women), with mean age 43.0 (10.5) years. Median follow-up was 6.0 (IQR 3.0-9.0) years. Mean body mass index was 49.8 (7.0) kg/m2. SHPT increased to a maximum of 81.9% in the ninth year of follow-up (95% CI: 1.5-9.1). Two years after surgery, 33.9% of patients with 25(OH)D sufficiency had SHPT (p= 0.001). Corrected calcium levels were lower in patients with PTH > 65pg/mL when compared with PTH < 65pg/mL; 1year: 8.96 vs 9.1mg/dL and 5years: 8.75 vs 9.12mg/dL (p<0.01). After surgery, patients with PTH > 65pg/mL and 25(OH)D sufficiency had lower corrected calcium levels when compared with subjects with PTH and 25(OH)D in normal range. Two years: 9.0 vs 9.2mg/dL (p< 0.05) and 4years: 8.9 vs 9.2mg/dL (p< 0.01). Once 25(OH)D is sufficient, the increase in PTH persists associated with a decrease in serum corrected calcium. It is important to ensure a sufficient calcium intake in these patients in order to avoid SHPT and osteomalacia in the future.

清代狀元李振鈞的詩性養成及其詩歌特性考論

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.&#x0D; 道光九年狀元李振鈞著有《味燈聽葉廬詩草》二卷，在後期作品大量散佚的情況下仍存詩四百餘首。李振鈞的人生境遇、詩性養成與科舉考試密切相關，他的詩是窮而後工的表現。詩學上轉益多師，取法多變，而通籍後所作大概與陸游詩最爲契心，故受陸詩的影響較大。遺憾的是，同處於晚清宋詩運動的浪潮中，由於種種原因，李振鈞卻是個邊緣人物。他的詩集經歷百年沉埋再見于世，雖未給人以滄海遺珠的驚喜，但仍不失爲晚清文學史研究的一個有價值的案例。&#x0D; Ranked number one in the national civil service examination of the ninth year of the Daoguang reign period (1829), Li Zhenjun is the author of Drafted Verses of the Studio of Tasting the Lamp and Listening to the Leaves (Weidengtingye lu shicao) in two fascicles. More than 400 poems are still extant even though most of his works dated from his later years did not survive. The national civil service examination had a profound impact on Li Zhenjun’s life and the formation of his poetic cultivation. His poetry is a realization of the common theory that “one’s poetry excels only when one becomes disillusioned.” In poetics, Li emulates several masters and adopts a variety of methods. His poems written after taking office became a close match with Lu You’s, as a result of the profound influence from Lu. Unfortunately, for some reason Li was marginalized in the Song-dynasty shi-poetry movement during the late Qing period. After a century of obviation, Li’s oeuvre was rediscovered. Although it has not been a great surprise, it serves as a valuable resource for a case study of the literary history of the late Qing period.

A dermatoglifia na educação física escolar e sua relação com o esporte e a saúde: um estudo de caso no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul

This article has the objective of showing the prevalence of the dermopapillar crests of ninth year class, which is referred to as the study of Dermatoglyphic state, relating it to health and sports in PE classes at schools. Dermatoglyphia is a tool for physical evaluation and it can also be suggested to be applied in the educational environment. The analysis was done at a public school in the county of Coronel Sapucaia - Mato Grosso do Sul in the year 2017. Thirty one students had their digital prints collected, this being 10 males and 21 females, burial rolls, platelets, ink for digital print collection and A4 paper sheets were utilised for this. The results pointed out the predominance of the closeness of both sexes, so the individual has speed and explosion, therefore being able to practice sports for example. It is possible to observe the digital prints and correlate the abilities to the Biophysical capacity, such as strength, speed motor coordination and resistance, furthermore, associate genotype and phenotype, extending the routing possibilities regarding the orientation of talents. In addition, planning of the training sport, physical preparation and exercise instructions in order to encourage health promotion and what is related to it. Therefore, it is concluded that the teacher of school physical Education has a key role in the development of the biomotor ability of students, contributing to the improvement of their physical valences and health promotion.

THE EFFECT OF AUTHENTIC MATERIALS ON STUDENTS’ LISTENING PROCEDURAL TEXT ABILITY OF THE 2018/2019 NINTH YEAR STUDENTS AT SMP SWASTA DEWANTARA PUTRA SEBERTUNG

BSTRACTThe study deals with an experimental research design which seeks for the effect of authentic materials on students’ listening procedural text ability. The problems that had been identified by the writer are including the students have many difficulties in learning English, such as understanding the listening lesson especially for procedure text, they are not able to achieve the standard valuing scores in listening lesson, lack of vocabulary of the students makes them feel so confused to understand the whole contents of the text, the learning materials are not in accordance with natural conditions and environment of the students, the instructional media cannot be used to motivate the students to improve their English listening, and the strategy implemented in teaching procedure text by the teacher is undrilled to subject later. 70 students at the ninth year students at SMP Swasta Dewantara Putra Sebertung in academic year of 2018/2019 are taken as the subject of the study. Listening test is used to obtain the data on the variable. The final data then is analyzed by using technique of t-test analysis. The result shows that coefficient of tcounted (2.15) was greater than the ttable coefficient (1.68595). This means that there is the effect of authentic materials on students’ listening procedural text ability of the 2018/2019 ninth year students at SMP Swasta Dewantara Putra Sebertung. Therefore, the hypothesis of the study is accepted.Keywords: Authentic Materials, Procedure Text, Listening Ability

Between question and answer

AbstractIn Sweden, tutoring in the mother tongue is a form of special educational support to enable pupils with non-Swedish language backgrounds to follow Swedish medium instruction and succeed at school. For pupils who risk failing to meet minimal curricular requirements, it is an educational right. This study investigates tutor-mediated interaction with Somali newly arrived pupils and subject teachers in oral examinations at the ninth year and asks how translanguaging may be relevant to speech performances in this multilingual setting. Both tutors and pupils translanguage advantageously to accomplish pedagogical objectives. Translanguaging proves subject to the personal aspirations of speakers, the organization of interaction as well as wider pedagogical goals. Following Bakhtin, discrepancy between tutor translingual interpretation and the other participants’ interpreted utterances is accounted for as the responsive engagement of a second consciousness that supplements other voices creatively. Central aspects of translanguaging are challenged through a dialogic lens. The implications of treating translanguaging in mother tongue tutoring asdialogic actioninclude positioning translanguaging in an interactionist framework, the importance of a discourse of constraint as well as affordance, a dynamic epistemology and the need for teachers and tutors to be aware of the inherent meaning-making processes in translingual interpretation for pupil assessment.

Sources and doses of fertilizers affect foliar and fruit mineral composition of ‘Daiane’ apples

Excess fertilizer, whether organic or mineral, can promote several nutritional disorders in apple plants, affecting the production and fruit quality. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of sources and doses of N and of supplemental K and P on foliar and fruits mineral composition of 'Daiane' apples. Eight treatments were tested for nine years including: a control, a soil application of three levels of N as ammonium nitrate (AN1, AN2 and AN3), one level of N as poultry manure, one level of AN plus K, one level AN plus P and K, and one level of N as calcium nitrate, via annual soil applications. Macro and micronutrients were determined in leaves sampled at the eighth and ninth years after planting, and Ca, K, Mg, N and P in the fruit flesh sampled at the seventh, eighth and ninth years after planting. An annual poultry manure application increased the P, K and B content in leaves and apple fruits in comparison to the control. An annual application of 60 kg ha(-1) of K(2)O and 75 kg ha(-1) of N also increased the K content in leaves and fruits. The P and K content and the (K+Mg)/Ca ratio in the fruits increased with the annual application of 75, 20 and 40 kg ha(-1) of N, K(2)O and P(2)O(5), respectively. High doses of fertilizers, whether organic or mineral, affect the foliar and fruits mineral composition of 'Daiane' apples and can compromise the fruit quality by increasing the risk of physiological disorders.

The good with the bad: when ecological restoration facilitates native and non‐native species

Organisms interact with each other along a spectrum ranging from competition to facilitation. A theme in restoration ecology is tipping the balance of these interactions to favor desired species and site conditions, exemplified by restoring fertile islands and their nurse plant effects to encourage plant recruitment. We tested the effectiveness of outplanting nursery‐grown native perennials and vertical mulching (placing dead plant material upright in soil) for stimulating annual plant recruitment in a disturbed Mojave Desert shrubland in Joshua Tree National Park, California, U.S.A. Over 9 years, differences in annual species richness and cover between interspaces and below outplants and vertical mulch varied among years, potentially via inter‐annual fluctuations in precipitation or maturation of restoration sites. In the ninth year, which was the wettest, both native and non‐native cover averaged 3× higher below outplants than in interspaces. Overall among years at the microsite scale, non‐native annual plants more consistently exploited environments provided by outplants and vertical mulch structures than did native annuals. However, these restoration structures were important for native annual diversity. At the 40‐m2 plot scale, disturbed plots that received outplanting supported greater richness of native annual species than disturbed unrestored plots. By facilitating both non‐native and native plants, reestablishing fertile islands to restore dryland ecosystems is a conundrum for restoration. Treatments reducing non‐native plants may need to accompany fertile island restoration to tip the balance of facilitative plant interactions in favor of native species.