Ninth Year Research Articles

Perception and attitude towards natural and human-made risks in Portugal in a school context

Perception is very important when analysing and managing risk as it is vital for better preparing the individual and society. The aims of this study are to: (i) find out about students’ perceptions of the spatial dimension of natural and environmental risks affecting mainland Portugal; (ii) understand how students perceive risks, taking causal attribution, level of knowledge, and future trends into account; (iii) relate students’ perceptions to behaviour, actions, and willingness to change attitudes to mitigating and reducing risks. In this study, a questionnaire was administered to 786 ninth year students between April and May 2022. Stepwise regression was applied to determine the factors that control the change in risk behaviour. The results of this study indicate levels of risk perception that are considered low to moderate. Female students tended to develop a greater sense of fear in the face of risk manifestations.

Editorials 2025: Year Night

Dear colleagues It feels great to reach you in the ninth year of the Current Retina Journal. When we started the journal, we told you to run to new information, reach new information, learn, always go forward, do not fall behind science, write, and share what you know. However, we think that we forgot one thing. A scientist is someone who is honest, applies the truth, shares what they know, paves the way for young physicians, encourages scientific publications, and generously offers information. A good scientist does not hide knowledge. Withholding information or preventing others from accessing it is incompatible with science.

Geo-Biochemical properties of peroxidase extracted from <i>Cola nitida</i> At the Ninth Year of Planting

Geo-Biochemical properties of peroxidase extracted from <i>Cola nitida</i> At the Ninth Year of Planting

Adult‐plant resistance to net form net blotch in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.): Durability and genetic control

AbstractThe research reported here was conducted to follow up on observations of durable adult‐plant resistance to net form net blotch in several Australian varieties of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Over 11 years, isolates of Pyrenophora teres f. teres were collected and used to inoculate barley varieties. The resistance of five varieties (Clipper, Schooner, Sloop SA, Buloke and Scope) endured until the ninth year. To investigate the genetic control of this durable resistance, doubled haploid lines developed from the F1 generation of a cross between Sloop SA and the susceptible variety Fathom were inoculated with an isolate that appeared fully virulent on Fathom and were evaluated for adult plant resistance. Six quantitative trait loci were mapped: three with resistance from Sloop SA and three with resistance from Fathom. Effects were additive across loci and transgressive segregation provided a few lines with better resistance than Sloop SA. Although the resistance investigated here is no longer effective, insights gained from this research could help guide ongoing efforts in resistance breeding and disease control.

Editorial: Celebrating the Ninth Year of Publishing of the Journal

Editorial: Celebrating the Ninth Year of Publishing of the Journal

Inside the April 2024 Issue.

Dear Readers, We are thrilled to bring you the first issue of the ninth volume of POCUS Journal. Published since 2016, POCUS Journal is the only multi-disciplinary, peer-reviewed, POCUS-focused journal that is free for authors and readers alike. We are grateful for the vision of our founder Dr. Amer and for the support of CINQUILL Medical Publishers, Inc. as we enter our ninth year of publication. POCUS is an ever-changing field as clinicians seek out better and faster solutions for patient care at the bedside. We at POCUS Journal continue to evolve as well. Our editorial board is growing to meet the demands of our high volume and high-quality manuscript submissions. We welcome Dr. Andre Kumar of Stanford University and Dr. Manpreet Malik of Emory University to the Internal Medicine section. We also welcome Dr. Andrea of the University of Southern California to the Pediatrics section. Natalie joins us from Queen’s University as the Social media Editor. If you haven’t seen her high-yield on social media I highly encourage you to visit POCUS Journal on X and Instagram for summaries of research articles and other content published in our journal. A journal our size also needs help with statistics, and we are excited that Nicholas has joined our team from the University of Toronto as Statistical Editor. We also have a new Editorial Director of Artificial Intelligence, Dr. Bredon Crawford. We are the first journal to feature an AI bot on our website, which is thanks to Dr. Crawford. Its name is “PJ” and you can find it on the bottom right of our website: www.pocusjournal.com. And finally, we are excited to have had Kathryn Matsushita join our team as , helping us preserve our standard of high quality publishing as the volume of submitted articles and size of our issues continues to grow. With the addition of these new members, I also share the bittersweet news that our Managing Editor Braeden Hill will be leaving POCUS Journal to pursue MD/PhD studies at The University of Toronto. started at POCUS Journal in 2020 as Social Media Editor and his contributions these past few years have been remarkable. We welcome Laura Guzman of Queen’s University into the role of Managing Editor. Every issue I oversee at POCUS Journal strikes me as better than the last, with fascinating cases and important research that answers key questions related to point of care ultrasound. This issue is no exception. Please find our author guidelines here: https://pocusjournal.com/author-guidelines/ Sincerely, Benjamin T. Galen, MD Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY Editor-In-Chief POCUS Journal

The effectiveness of breeding work on the improvement of the main economically important traits of traditional variety population Banannaya in Primorsky kray

Relevance. Although there is notable success in breeding vegetable crops to obtain heterotic F1 hybrids, traditional selection methods have been gaining in popularity as a means of improving the economically important traits of local traditional varieties in Russia today. These varieties suffered the reduction in their valuable starting parameters (yield, the uniformity of marketable produce and biochemical composition) over the many years of reproduction. The Department of Potato Breeding and Horticulture (FSBSI “FSC of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A. K. Chaiki”) have been working on the creation of new squash variety-populations with large fruits using the variety-population Banannaya 42, bred by V. Ya. Smolei at the Far Eastern experimental station of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Plant Breeding in the 1940s, as the starting material. We carried out a multi-year research on the selection of promising families belonging to this variety to increase yield, improve the uniformity of fruits and the main biochemical parameters. Results. The breeding work conducted on the families of variety-population 945 in 2011-2022 resulted in the improvement of some economically important traits (the uniformity of fruit shape, yield, and biochemical parameters) compared to the started form. The eleven years of research allowed us to achieve high uniformity of fruit shape in the selection of the ninth year (PIP 2) – 90.0-90.7 % (increased by 34.9-36.0 %). The yield increased from 28.4 t/ha to 38.2-45.3 t/ha or by 34.5-59.5 %. The following biochemical parameters were improved through selection: the content of dry mater from 8.5 to 12.9 % or by 51.8 % on average, the content of sugars from 6.1 to 9.1 or by 49.2 %, the content of carotene from 1.7 to 3.8 or by 123.5 %, and the content of vitamin C from 9.6 to 21.1 or by 119.8 %. We selected the families of the same type from variety-population 945 (variety-population Banata) with improved and uniform economically important traits for submission to the State variety testing. The yield was 38.2-45.3 t/ha, fruits were heart-shaped, skin was greyish green, pulp was orange, and the content of sugars was 9.0-13.2 %. Large-fruited variety population Banata was included in the State register of breeding achievements admitted to use in the Russian Federation in 2024.

Serum hepatitis B virus pregenomic RNA profiles in patients with chronic hepatitis B on long-term antiviral therapy

Objective: To explore the clinical changes in levels of the new clinical marker serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) with long-term antiviral therapy. Methods: 100 CHB cases who were initially treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) at Peking University First Hospital were included. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), HBV DNA, hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg), and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) during the follow-up period were measured. The TaqMan-based real-time quantitative PCR method was used to detect serum HBV pgRNA levels. The independent sample t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare continuous variables between groups, while Pearson's χ (2) test and Fisher's exact test were used to compare categorical variables. Results: HBV pgRNA levels decreased significantly in patients who developed virological responses at 48 weeks (n = 54) during subsequent treatment compared to those who did not (n = 46). The HBV pgRNA level was lower in HBeAg-positive patients than in HBeAg-negative patients (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Patients with higher HBV DNA and HBeAg-positivity levels at baseline had a higher HBV pgRNA level following antiviral therapy. There was no statistically significant difference in HBV pgRNA levels in patients with different HBV pgRNA levels at baseline after antiviral therapy. There was no correlation between serum HBV pgRNA and HBsAg at baseline, but there was a correlation after long-term antiviral therapy, while there was a weak correlation between HBV pgRNA and HBsAg at the fifth and ninth years of antiviral therapy (r = 0.262, P = 0.031; r = 0.288, P = 0.008). Conclusion: HBV pgRNA levels were higher with higher HBV activity in CHB patients with long-term antiviral therapy.

DEVELOPING A DAYAK LEGEND STORYBOOK BASED ON TEXT DRIVEN APPROACH FOR TEACHING NARRATIVE TEXT (A Design and Development Research to Year-9 Students of SMP Negeri 1 Bengkayang in Academic Year 2022/2023)

The purpose of this research was to develop a Dayak Legend Storybook as supplementary materials for Ninth-year students. The basic thought underlying this study was to provide teachers and students with a Dayak legend story based on their background. The storybook was developed in five stages: analysis; design; development; implementation; and evaluation (ADDIE). The data was obtained through questionnaires, interviews, checklists, and field notes. Based on the findings, the storybook is worth utilizing due to its usefulness and the positive responses were given by the students, teacher, and validators to the contents. In conclusion, this study was successful in developing a qualified Dayak Legend Storybook as supplementary materials for Ninth year students.

ESPAÇO MAKER: design e educação para a sustentabilidade em escolas públicas

The article reports the development of a mobile workshop, “Espaço Maker”, so that students can. Valente The activity had the participation of the ninth year of the Pe. Simioni. The methodological procedure used is Design for Change and the results describe the structuring of the mobile laboratory and include the experience carried out at the school.

Research on the Design of Carbon-Neutralized Building in Rural China: A Case Study of “Impression of Yucun”

Energy conservation and emission reduction in rural buildings is essential to China’s response to climate change. Within the context of China’s ‘dual carbon’ initiative and the overarching goal of a ‘zero carbon countryside’, the first rural carbon-neutral building in China—‘Impression of Yucun’ was established in Anji County, Zhejiang Province. Accordingly, this study investigates building carbon-neutral design, calculating and analyzing the carbon emissions and offsets facilitated by carbon neutrality technology throughout the buildings’ life cycle. In addition, the comprehensive benefits of the buildings are evaluated from both technical and economic perspectives. The implementation pathway for rural carbon-neutral buildings is also explored. The results demonstrate that through the judicious application of carbon neutrality technology design, the inherent carbon emissions of the buildings amount to 120.91 t and the energy consumption during the operational phase of the building is 64,284.4 kWh/a, correlating to carbon emissions of 33.72 t. The case can theoretically reduce carbon emissions by 65.64 tCO2 annually by implementing carbon offset measures. Considering photovoltaic cell decay, the building can achieve a carbon-neutral state for the first time in the fifth year of operation, with a net carbon emission of −5.58 tCO2. Simultaneously, the investment in photovoltaic systems can be recouped between the seventh and ninth years of operation. This study can offer methodological reference and data support for designing and evaluating carbon-neutral buildings.

Physical fitness of primary school children differs depending on their timing of school enrollment

Previous research has shown that children who were enrolled to school according to the legal key date (i.e., keyage children, between eight and nine years in third grade) exhibited a linear physical fitness development in the ninth year of life. In contrast, children who were enrolled with a delay (i.e., older-than-keyage children [OTK], between nine and ten years in third grade) exhibited a lower physical fitness compared to what would be expected for their age. In these studies, cross-sectional age differences within third grade and timing of school enrollment were confounded. The present study investigated the longitudinal development of keyage and OTK children from third to fifth grade. This design also afforded a comparison of the two groups at the same average chronological age, that is a dissociation of the effects of timing of school enrollment and age. We tested six physical fitness components: cardiorespiratory endurance, coordination, speed, power of lower and upper limbs, and static balance. 1502 children (i.e., 1206 keyage and 296 OTK children) from 35 schools were tested in third, fourth, and fifth grade. Except for cardiorespiratory endurance, both groups developed from third to fourth and from fourth to fifth grade and keyage children outperformed OTK children at the average ages of 9.5 or 10.5 years. For cardiorespiratory endurance, there was no significant gain from fourth to fifth grade and keyage and OTK children did not differ significantly at 10.5 years of age. One reason for a delayed school enrollment could be that a child is (or is perceived as) biologically younger than their chronological age at the school entry examination, implying a negative correlation between chronological and biological age for OTK children. Indeed, a simple reflection of chronological age brought the developmental rate of the chronologically youngest OTK children in line with the developmental rate observed for keyage children, but did not eliminate all differences. The mapping of chronological and biological age of OTK children and other possible reasons for lower physical fitness of OTK children remain a task for future research.

10 Years of Building Good Teachers for Community Development: Local Conservation for Sustainable Development

Loei Rajabhat University&amp;rsquo;s Kru Rak Thin Project aims to produce and develop a new generation of teachers who are committed to reducing inequality and increasing educational opportunities for the needy and underprivileged. This project is a collaboration between the Equitable Education Fund (EEF) and Loei Rajabhat University. The project selects disadvantaged students from rural areas who have a passion for teaching and provides them with the opportunity to pursue a high-quality bachelor&amp;rsquo;s degree. After graduation, these students return to their local communities to work as teachers. The Kru Rak Thin Project has selected 33 students from rural areas covering eight provinces, namely Buriram, Nakhon Ratchasima, Roi Et, Chaiyaphum, Mukdahan, Sakon Nakhon, Udon Thani, and Loei. The project began producing students in the academic year 2020, with the goal of creating competent and dedicated teachers for the community and fostering sustainable development. Loei Rajabhat University plans to continuously support and develop the selected students from the production stage until their recruitment as government teachers in local schools over a ten-year period. The university has designed the Kru Rak Thin Student Development Project (Enrichment Program) to meet the Teacher Professional Standards of 2019, the characteristics of Kru Rak Thin, and the identity of graduates of the Faculty of Education, Loei Rajabhat University. The project focuses on developing teachers who are passionate about their local communities and who possess the necessary qualities to build a sustainable settlement. The project follows a ten-year plan for the development of these teachers. In the first year, the emphasis is on teacher cultivation, while the second year focuses on being well-versed in teaching. The third year aims to develop innovative teaching methods, and the fourth year is dedicated to contributing to society. The fifth year focuses on becoming an assistant teacher, while the sixth year emphasizes knowledge acquisition and hard work. In the seventh year, the focus is on self-development and work development, while the eighth year is dedicated to teaching like a professional. The ninth year emphasizes community development, and the tenth year focuses on sustainable settlement development.

Study on the effects of stand density management of Chinese fir plantation in Northern China.

The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism by which thinning alters stand structure and affects forest productivity by characterizing changes in stand quantitative maturity age, stand diameter distribution, structural heterogeneity, and forest productivity of Chinese fir plantations at different thinning times and intensities. Our findings provide insights into how the density of stands could be modified to enhance the yield and timber quality of Chinese fir plantations. The significance of differences in individual tree volume, stand volume, and timber merchantable volume was determined using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Duncan tests. The stand quantitative maturity age was obtained using the Richards equation. The quantitative relationship between stand structure and productivity was determined using a generalized linear mixed model. We found that (1) the quantitative maturity age of Chinese fir plantations increased with thinning intensity, and the quantitative maturity age was much greater under commercial thinning than under pre-commercial thinning. (2) Individual tree volume and the proportion of medium-sized and large-sized timber merchantable volume increased with stand thinning intensity. Thinning promoted increases in stand diameter. pre-commercially thinned stands were dominated by medium-diameter trees when the quantitative maturity age was reached, whereas commercially thinned stands were dominated by large-diameter trees. The living trees volume will decrease immediately after thinning, and then it will gradually increase with the age of the stand. When the stand volume included both living trees volume and thinned volume, thinned stands increased stand volume compared with unthinned stands. In pre-commercial thinning stands, the greater the intensity of thinning, the greater the increase in stand volume, and the opposite was true for commercial thinning. (3) Thinning also reduced heterogeneity in stand structure, which was lower after commercial thinning than after pre-commercial thinning. The productivity of pre-commercially thinned stands increased with thinning intensity, whereas that of commercially thinned stands decreased with thinning intensity. (4) The structural heterogeneity of pre-commercially and commercially thinned stands was negatively and positively correlated with forest productivity, respectively. In the Chinese fir plantations in the hilly terrain of the northern Chinese fir production area, when pre-commercial thinning was performed in the ninth year to a residual density of 1750 trees per hectare, the stand quantitative maturity age was reached in year 30, medium-sized timber accounted for 75.2% of all trees, and the stand volume was 667.9 m3 per hectare. This thinning strategy is favorable for producing medium-sized Chinese fir timber. When commercial thinning was performed in year 23, the optimal residual density was 400 trees per hectare. When the stand quantitative maturity age was reached in year 31, large-sized timber accounted for 76.6% of all trees, and the stand volume was 574.5 m3 per hectare. This thinning strategy is favorable for producing large-sized Chinese fir timber.

Influence of storage period on the quality indicators of Astragalus falcatus Lam. seed

Seed storage is the final stage of the technological process of its production, the purpose of which is to ensure the preservation of seed quality from its collection to use. At the same time, the loss of seeds in the process of storage of sowing conditions can cause significant losses both to the direct subjects of seed production of medicinal crops and to producers of medicinal raw materials. At the same time, questions regarding the storage terms of the seeds of sickle-leaved astragalus (Astragalus falcatus Lam.) and the rates of their loss of sowing conditions during storage remain insufficiently defined. The aim of our research was to establish the objective terms of storage of astragalus seeds with maximum preservation of their sowing qualities. The research was conducted for nine years. It was found that the surface gloss is a stable feature for the seeds of astragalus, which was not lost during storage, while the color of the seeds is a relatively unstable feature. During the first two years, no noticeable changes in the color of the seeds were noted. During storage for more than 9 years, the seeds gradually acquired a uniform reddish-brown color from greenish-yellow. The rate of loss of sowing conditions of the seeds of astragalus was determined. Freshly collected seeds were characterized by the maximum germination and hard seed rate, respectively — 84 and 14%. At the same time, the germination energy was 72%. The highest rate of germination energy of few seeds of the second year of storage is 78%. At the same time, the content of hard seeds decreased to 10%, germination decreased to 83%. Therefore, the effect of hard seed on the germination energy indicator is clearly observed, which was 7% lower immediately after harvesting and finishing the seeds compared to the seeds after a year of storage. During four years of storage, the seed germination rate decreased by only 21%, which indicates its gradual loss. The general regularity of the decrease in germination energy is also gradual. Starting from the fifth year of storage, the seeds of the studied sample began to rapidly lose their sowing qualities. Its similarity to the ninth year of storage was only 3%. It was found that the hard seed indicator was completely lost after five years of storage. It was determined that the economic durability of the seeds of the sickle-leaved astragalus is at least four years, and the biological durability lasts for nine years.

Production of oil palm under phosphorus, potassium and magnesium fertilization

Oil palm production is strategic in the Amazon with high productive potential, but information on its fertilization is still relatively scarce for the region. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium fertilizations on oil palm production in different years in the state of Pará, Brazil. The study was conducted in Tailândia, Northeastern of Pará, Eastern Amazon, Brazil. A randomized block design was used in a 4 x 2 x 3 x 2 factorial scheme, with four levels of phosphorus, two sources of phosphorus, three levels of potassium and two levels of magnesium. Oil palm production responded positively to the increase in phosphorus levels, and until the eighth year of age of the plants, there was greater production when triple superphosphate was applied. From the ninth year onwards, fertilization with phosphine provided a production equal to the supply of phosphorus with triple superphosphate. The application of potassium chloride increased the number, weight and production of the bunches from the sixth year. The supply of magnesium sulfate increased the average weight of the bunches. Thus, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium fertilizations become essential to increase oil palm production in the Northeast of Pará.

One year of the full-scale war in Ukraine and kidney replacement therapy: Where do we stand now? A brief report of the Ukrainian Renal Disaster Relief Committee of the Ukrainian Association of Nephrologists and Kidney Transplant Specialists

The war in Ukraine is now entering its ninth year, and a year has passed since the russian army invaded Ukraine on a large scale. A few months ago, the Ukrainian Renal Disaster Relief Committee of the Ukrainian Association of Nephrologists and Kidney Transplant Specialists was established and began its work to provide immediate support to kidney patients during the war. In this brief report, we present the first data collected on the number of patients receiving kidney replacement therapy, the possibility of enrolling new patients, and the availability of an autonomous electricity and water supply in all regions of Ukraine accessible for communication. In addition, we provide a brief analysis of the dynamics of the regional distribution of patients treated with kidney replacement therapy in the war year.

Susan S. Smyth (1965-2022).

Susan S. Smyth (1965-2022).

Dynamics of SOC density and driving factors during the restoration of artificial grassland and abandoned farmland in Mu Us Desert, China

Establishment of artificial grassland and abandoned farmland are effective measures to increase soil carbon sequestration and mitigate global warming; however, the difference between the two methods in terms of carbon sequestration efficiency and mechanisms at various times and at different soil depths remain unclear. This study investigates the soil organic carbon density (SOCD), soil physicochemical properties, microbial biomass, as well as the above- and belowground biomass of artificial grassland and abandoned farmland restored for one, three, four, seven, and nine years in Mu Us Desert, China. The results show that establishment of both land types could significantly increase soil carbon storage. The SOCD changed following a single-peak curve in the artificial grassland and steadily increased with restoration age in the abandoned farmland. The SOCD of the artificial grassland reached 1.7–2.4 times that of the abandoned farmland, but there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the two by the ninth year. The SOCD did not increase significantly in the early stages of restoration (1–3 years and 1–4 years for artificial grassland and abandoned farmland, respectively), which was delayed as the soil layer deepened. Compared to the abandoned farmland, the influence of plants on SOCD through microbial pathways was greater in the artificial grassland, however, the role of soil texture in abandoned farmland was more pronounced. Along with soil depth, the influence of plant factors on the SOCD decreased (40.37–18.19%), but the combined effects of the soil texture and microbial biomass determined the SOCD dynamics. Our results suggest that the combination of appropriate artificial interventions in abandoned farmland can not only quickly restore vegetation communities but also enhance the plant-soil interactions, improve soil texture and microbial functions, increase carbon capture and storage capabilities, and form more sustainable grassland ecosystems.

The Establishment of Sharia-Based Class D General Hospital in Purwantoro Wonogiri

Purwantoro is a very strategic area, located in the middle of its surrounding subdistricts, and is a transit point to get to the surrounding sub-districts. In Wonogiri, there are nine general hospitals, but none are located in Purwantoro. The ratio of hospital beds per 1,000 population in Wonogiri is still 0.96. Indonesia is a country with the largest Muslim population (87.2%). The Muslim population of Wonogiri Regency reached 1,108,696 (97.65%), and specifically in Purwantoro, 99.06% are Muslims. So that awareness and need for sharia-based health services increased. This research is a feasibility study. Primary and secondary data obtained are collected and processed, then analyzed by the situation, demand, and needs, as well as financial analysis. Investment evaluation using the Investible Surplus Method (ISM). Situation analysis, both external and internal aspects, supports this project. Demand and needs analysis also have been fulfilled, but necessary to pay attention to the needs of male nurses. The total cost of the entire project excluding land purchases is Rp 42.231.739.375,00 through two-step constructions with an ISR of 16,81% in the ninth year. The establishment of a sharia-based class D general hospital in Purwantoro Wonogiri is feasible to be established with a capacity of 60 beds at an area of 4.252 m2, an investment value of Rp. 42.231.739.375,00 through two-step constructions with ISR of 16,81 % for nine years.