Nigerian Undergraduates Research Articles

Southwestern Nigerian University Undergraduates’ Acceptance of YouTube as a web-based Instructional Tool

The study assessed the Southwestern Nigerian undergraduates’ acceptance of YouTube as a web-based instructional tool using Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) Model. It determined the level of awareness of YouTube as a web-based instructional tool by the undergraduates. It measured the undergraduates’ effort and performance expectancy of YouTube and the conditions that facilitate its acceptance at the universities. The study employed the descriptive survey research design. The population consisted all registered undergraduates in Southwestern Nigeria. 800 students were selected from Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Ile-Ife, Osun State, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Oyo State and Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State using disproportionate stratified sampling. The three universities were purposively selected based on their webometric ranking in terms of ICT usage. Findings from the study indicated that 57.80% of the undergraduates are moderately aware of YouTube as an instructional tool. The effort expectancy (×̅=3.00, sd=0.60) as well as the performance expectancy (×̅=3.00, sd=0.62) show that the undergraduates accept YouTube. The conditions identified by the undergraduates that can militate the acceptance of YouTube in the region included low bandwidth (79.70%), low hard disk space (65.60%), epileptic electricity supply (68.60%) and high cost of required devices (68.40%). The study therefore concluded that Southwestern Nigerian undergraduates are prone to accepting YouTube as a web-based instructional tool. 
 The study assessed the Southwestern Nigerian undergraduates’ acceptance of YouTube as a web-based instructional tool using Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) Model. It determined the level of awareness of YouTube as a web-based instructional tool by the undergraduates. It measured the undergraduates’ effort and performance expectancy of YouTube and the conditions that facilitate its acceptance at the universities. The study employed the descriptive survey research design. The population consisted all registered undergraduates in Southwestern Nigeria. 800 students were selected from Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Ile-Ife, Osun State, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Oyo State and Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State using disproportionate stratified sampling. The three universities were purposively selected based on their webometric ranking in terms of ICT usage. Findings from the study indicated that 57.80% of the undergraduates are moderately aware of YouTube as an instructional tool. The effort expectancy (×̅=3.00, sd=0.60) as well as the performance expectancy (×̅=3.00, sd=0.62) show that the undergraduates accept YouTube. The conditions identified by the undergraduates that can militate the acceptance of YouTube in the region included low bandwidth (79.70%), low hard disk space (65.60%), epileptic electricity supply (68.60%) and high cost of required devices (68.40%). The study therefore concluded that Southwestern Nigerian undergraduates are prone to accepting YouTube as a web-based instructional tool.

Psychological Trauma Among Nigerian Undergraduates: The Role of Exposure to Crime and Fear of Crime

Studies on psychological health of undergraduate students across the world, including Nigeria shows prevalence of psychological trauma among the students. This study examined the correlation between undergraduate students’ exposure to violent crime and psychological trauma, and their fear of crime and psychological trauma. The participants were 505 undergraduates consisting of 226 (45.1%) males, 266 (55.1%) females and 11 (2.2%) who did not indicate their gender. The participants whose ages range from 18 to 32 years, with a mean age of 23. 47years and standard deviation of 2.31 were sampled through systematic random sampling from eight departments randomly drawn from the fourteen faculties in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. The instruments used for data generation were: Measure for Exposure to Violence developed by Engelbrecht (2009); Impact of Event Scale (IES-R) developed by Harowitz, Wilner and Alvarez (1997) and fear of Crime Measure developed by Von-Klemperer (2009). The survey study employed a correlational design and used Pearson Product Momen Correlation Statistics for analysis of data. Two research questions were answered and two hypotheses tested at P<0.05 level of significance. The two hypotheses were confirmed. The result of the study showed a significant positive relationship between undergraduate students’ exposure to violence crime and psychological trauma, and between fear of crime and psychological trauma. The researchers made recommendations which include among others, generating employment as a measure for curbing violent crime, beefing up security and developing intervention programmes that will victims to cope with fear and psychological trauma. Keywords: Exposure, violent crime, fear, crime, psychological trauma. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/10-24-10 Publication date: August 31st 2019

Entrepreneurial Intention of Undergraduates in Nigeria: The Role of Subjective Norm

This study aims to measure the entrepreneurial intention of Nigerian undergraduates with interest in the predictive capacity of subjective norm. By using the theory of planned behavior, a self-developed questionnaire-based survey was employed. Three hundred and forty-two undergraduates participated in the study. They were selected from six universities across the three geo-political zones in the Northern part of Nigerian, using multi-stage stratified random sampling technique. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation along with Hierarchical Multiple Linear Regression have been used for data analysis purpose. The study finds that all the three antecedents of intention, as mentioned in the theory of planned behavior (attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control) are significant predictors of entrepreneurial intention. The important finding throws light that only about 20% of the variance could have been explained by the used model. Therefore, the study argues that other factors like entrepreneurship education, improved business scenario etc. may be the other possible factors of predicting the intention. Further, the results uniquely showed that subjective norm is the second most significant predictor in explaining the entrepreneurship intention of Nigerian undergraduate after entrepreneurial attitude. This may be attributed to the collectivist culture of Northern Nigeria from where the samples have been collected. Practical implications of the study have been discussed.

Determinants of entrepreneurial intention among undergraduates in a Muslim community

PurposeAs part of the strategy to curb the rising unemployment among Nigerian undergraduates, entrepreneurship subjects were made compulsory in the curriculum of all the higher educational institutions (HEIs) in Nigeria. The idea is to trigger strong desire for enterprise creation rather than remaining job seekers among the undergraduates upon graduation. Accordingly, this paper aims to determine predictors to entrepreneurial intentions among university students in Muslim community of Northern Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachTheory of planned behaviour was extended to include compatibility and educational support. The model was empirically tested and was analysed using the partial least square structural equation modelling technique on a sample of 312 higher institution students in Zamfara State.FindingsThe finding shows that entrepreneurial intention is taken as a function of educational support, compatibility and perceived behavioural control. The extended model has predictive relevance, and it explained 36 per cent of variance in entrepreneurial intention.Originality/valueThe inclusion of compatibility has a unique effect on this study; no study has tested the effects of compatibility in entrepreneurial intention. In addition, no study has been conducted in a core Muslim state in Northern Nigeria, where most of the economic policies are Islamic-driven and unemployment rate is relatively high. In addition, no study has been conducted in the context of necessity entrepreneurship using TPB.

Influence of Moderating Variables on Nigerian Undergraduates’ Emotional Intelligence and Attitude towards Examination

Influence of Moderating Variables on Nigerian Undergraduates’ Emotional Intelligence and Attitude towards Examination

Reciprocal altruism: It’s relationship to locus of control and dispositional optimism among Nigerian undergraduates

The study examined locus of control and dispositional optimism influences on reciprocal altruism among Nigerian university undergraduate students. Participants consisted of 253 undergraduate students in their second year of study (males = 151 (60%), females = 102 (40%); mean age = 21.2, SD = 9.10). They completed the Dispositional Optimism Test-Revised (Scheier, Carver, & Bridges, 1994), the Altruistic Personality Scale (Rushton, Chrisjohn & Fekken, 1981), and the Locus of Control Scale (Rotter, 1966). Multiple regression analysis indicated that internal locus of control positively predicted reciprocal altruism; while dispositional optimism did not. Future research should examine other dimensions of optimism such as adaptive utility, comparative and strategic dispositional optimism involved that may provide more insight into the understanding of reciprocal altruism in Nigeria.

Social Trait Rating of Halitosis Sufferers: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the social trait rating of halitosis sufferers by others who are Nigerian undergraduates. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted among main (Ugbowo) campus residential undergraduates of University of Benin, Nigeria. The questionnaire that assessed health status, quality of life, intelligence, caring, trustworthiness, attractiveness, sexiness, aggressiveness, happiness, pleasantry, motivation, spirituality, satisfaction with life, and social life activity of halitosis sufferers was the data collection tool. Results: A total of 245 individuals aged between 17 and 35 years comprising 100 males and 145 females were studied. The worst affected traits were attractiveness and sexiness followed by pleasantry, motivation, satisfaction with life, social life activity, and happiness. The least affected traits were intelligent and trustworthiness. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the low rating of halitosis sufferers on pleasantry, motivation, satisfaction with life, and happiness made them less attractive and sexy and cumulated in diminished social life.

Internet Addiction, Problematic Smartphone Use and Psychological Health of Nigerian University Undergraduates

Aim: This study examined Internet Addiction (IA) and Problematic Smartphone Use (PSU) as predictors of severities of anxiety, depression and psychological distress among university undergraduates in Nigeria.&#x0D; Study Design: Exploratory /Descriptive survey design.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Redeemer’s University Nigeria, between April and August 2018.&#x0D; Methodology: A total of 854 university undergraduates made up of 342 males and 512 females, mean age 20.5 years, were purposively selected from four universities in Osun state, southwestern Nigeria. Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Smartphone Addiction Scale – Short Version (SAS-SV), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) were used for data collection. &#x0D; Results: Observed prevalence of studied variables among respondents are: Internet Addiction (IA) 48.6%, Problematic Smartphone Use (PSU) (47.4%), anxiety disorder (50.6%), depression (49.8%) and psychological distress (47.6%). IA independently and significantly predicted severities of anxiety disorder (R² = .01, p = .025), depression (R² = .057, p = .000) and psychological distress (R² = .105, p = .000). PSU independently and significantly predicted severities of depression (R² = .073, p = .000) and psychological distress (R² = .094, p = .000). However PSU failed to significantly predict severity of anxiety disorder (R² = .00, p = .650) among the participants.&#x0D; Conclusion: High prevalence of IA, PSU, anxiety disorder, depression and psychological distress exist among the participants. IA is a significant independent predictor of anxiety, depression and psychological distress. PSU is a significant independent predictor of depression and psychological distress but is not a significant predictor anxiety disorder among Nigerian undergraduates.

Alcohol use disorders and its association with family factors among undergraduates of obafemi awolowo university, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Background: Alcohol is a socially acceptable substance that plays a key traditional role in the African setting. Family factors such as dysfunctional family background may increase the risk of alcohol use disorder (AUD) among university students.Objective: This study assessed the prevalence of AUD and its association with family factors among undergraduates of a Nigerian university.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional survey involved 360 consenting undergraduates recruited from Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. Demographic variables were obtained with a questionnaire, whereas AUD was measured with AUD Identification Test. Family factors assessed were family structure, family socioeconomic status, family functioning, parenting styles and perceived social support (PSS).Results: The mean age of respondents was 21.12 years (standard deviation = 2.37) and 223 (61.9%) were males. The prevalence of AUD was 16.7%. Factors significantly associated with AUD were demographic variables – being male (P < 0.001) and traditional religion (P = 0.024) and family factors – low socioeconomic class (P = 0.023), dysfunctional family (P < 0.001) and father use of alcohol (P = 0.001). Respondents with AUD reported significantly lower mean score on all the PSS subscales: family (P = 0.001), friend (P < 0.001) and significant other (P < 0.001) and authoritative parenting style of father (P < 0.001) and mother (P < 0.001). Predictors of AUD were male sex, father use of alcohol, father authoritative parenting style and high PSS from friends.Conclusion: AUD is prevalent among Nigerian undergraduates with male sex and some family factors associated with it. The results of this study have significant implications for both primary and secondary prevention efforts.

Knowledge and Attitude of Nigerian Undergraduates toward Voluntary HIV Counseling and Testing: A Case Study

Knowledge and Attitude of Nigerian Undergraduates toward Voluntary HIV Counseling and Testing: A Case Study

Influence of Eating Patterns on Weight Status and Academic Performance of a Nigerian Undergraduate Population

Background: Unhealthy diets have been linked to undesired weight gain and poor cognitive development in adulthood. However, the link between eating pattern, weight status and academic performance have received much less attention in the young adult population. Objective: This study seeks to understand the influence of eating patterns on weight status and academic performance. Method: A structured self-administered questionnaire was completed by a representative sample of 399 undergraduates. The questionnaire explored socio-demographic characteristics, dietary diversity, food frequency pattern and meal pattern of respondents. The resulting data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: The mean age (SD) of the respondents was 21.8 (±2.52) years and were mostly (35.3%) in their 3rd year of study. Most (58.6%) of the students had good dietary diversity and were mostly females (53.0%). The prevalence of unhealthy food frequency pattern (FFP) was high (80.7%) among respondents, especially among males (53.1%). There were no statistically significant relationships between FFP, weight status and academic performance (p>0.05). The majority (62.7%) had an unhealthy meal pattern, and this was higher in males (55.6%). There were no statistically significant relationships between the meal pattern, weight status and academic performance (p>0.05). However, a higher proportion of respondents with healthy eating patterns had good academic performances. Conclusion: Unhealthy eating patterns were common among undergraduates, especially among males. There was no statistically significant relationship between eating patterns, weight status and academic performance. It is recommended that policies that will promote healthy eating patterns among students be implemented in the university environment.

Entrepreneurial curriculum in African universities: A panacea to graduates’ unemployment if?

Background: University education is a prerequisite for the production of highly competent experts which, in turn, contributes to economic growth and national development at large. For these to be achieved, the right entrepreneurial (content) curriculum and qualified teachers must be in place to perform this varied function. Aim: Within the framework of human capital and cognitive theories - an eclectic approach - this article examines the nexus between entrepreneurial curriculum in Africa and graduates employability with specific reference to Nigerian universities. To interrogate the issues raised, this article employed descriptive survey design and content analysis. Setting: This study was carried out using qualitative desktop method in deriving data for answering the question. Over 50 literature were consulted and analysed in order to establish the nexus between entrepreneurial curriculum and graduate employability in Africa. Methods: This research employed the descriptive survey method and content analysis with the researchers setting out to illustrate the association that exists between the dependent and independent variables. Results: This article argues that the extent to which entrepreneurship education curriculum inculcates entrepreneurial skills among Nigerian undergraduates, is very poor. Also, the quality of resource persons employed to teach entrepreneurship education in the Nigerian universities appears not to possess the requisite knowledge to impart entrepreneurial spirit in students. Conclusion: It concludes that the university authorities should ensure a ‘fit’ in the recruitment of entrepreneurial education lecturers as well as an adequate provision of teaching and learning aids.

Access and Use of Reference Sources and Services for Health Information among Nigerian Undergraduates: The Case of Samuel Adegboyega University, Ogwa Edo State

Access and Use of Reference Sources and Services for Health Information among Nigerian Undergraduates: The Case of Samuel Adegboyega University, Ogwa Edo State

Parenting Style and Religiosity as Predictors of Antisocial Behavior Among Nigerian Undergraduates

The relationship between parenting style, religiosity and antisocial behavior (ASB) was investigated in this study. Participants were 228 (120 males and 108 females) undergraduates. Participants’ age ranged from 16 to 20 years (M = 18.9 years). They responded to the ASB scale, Parental authority questionnaire and centrality of religiosity scale. The study utilized a cross-sectional design and hierarchical regression was used for data analysis. Results showed that the model of the three dimensions of parenting styles (i.e., authoritarian, authoritative and permissive) predicted ASB and accounted for additional 11.2% variance in ASB over and above the control variables. However, only authoritarian (β = 0.13, p = 0.043) and permissive (β = 0.32, p < 0.001) statistically significantly predicted ASB. Religiosity accounted for 5.8% additional variance in ASB significantly predicting ASB (β = 0.25, p < 0.001). Implications for social work among youths and counseling were discussed.

Sleep Hygiene Index: Psychometric Characteristics and Usefulness as a Screening Tool in a Sample of Nigerian Undergraduate Students.

The objectives of this study were to investigate the psychometric properties of the Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI) and determine its capacity to screen for poor sleep quality in a nonclinical sample of Nigerian university students. A total of 348 students appropriately completed the SHI, the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). The internal consistency (Cronbach alpha) of the SHI was .64 and its construct validity was modestly satisfactory. It had a significant negative correlation with the MEQ (r = -.170, P < .001) and positive correlations with global PSQI (r = .289, P < .001) and ESS (r = .219, P < .001) scores. Prior to the factor analysis, our sample was randomly divided into two. In one half of the sample (sample 1), exploratory factor analysis of the SHI items yielded a three-factor model. Confirmatory factor analysis on the other half (sample 2) corroborated this model with satisfactory indices of fitness (c2 = 67.805; df = 55; c2/df = 1.233; P = .115; goodness of fit index = .943; Tucker-Lewis index = .958; incremental fit index = .972; comparative fit index = .970; root mean square error of approximation = .037). A cutoff total score of 16 on the SHI had the best sensitivity (77.0%) and specificity (47.5%) to identify students who were categorized as experiencing poor sleep quality, according to the PSQI (area under the curve = 0.65, 95% confidence interval = 0.59-0.71). The SHI exhibited satisfactory psychometric properties as a self-rated assessment instrument in the evaluation of sleep hygiene and as a screening instrument for poor sleep quality among Nigerian undergraduate students.

Prevalence and pattern of musculoskeletal pain among undergraduates from a Nigerian University

Musculoskeletal pain (MSP) is a common cause of severe long-term pain and physical disability affecting millions of people around the world. This study investigated the prevalence and pattern of MSP among Nigerian undergraduates.A cross-sectional survey of undergraduates from three purposively selected halls of residence of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria was conducted over a period of 10 weeks using a standardized Nordic questionnaire and a pre-tested questionnaire. Data obtained were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Of the 600 questionnaires administered 532 (88.67%) were fully completed and found admissible for analysis. The mean age of the respondents was 23.4±2.34 years (range 17-34)]. Lifetime and point prevalence of MSP was 54.5% and 51.7% respectively. Lifetime occurrence of MSP was highest in the low back (55.1%) followed by the neck (53.8%). Duration of pain resulting from MSP was 1-7 days and it prevented normal daily activities in 20.7% of respondents. There was a significant association between lifetime prevalence of MSP and each of age group (p = 0.001), sex (p = 0.046), lecture duration (0.001), and extracurricular activity (p = 0.001). Self-medication (55.6%) was the most common health practice for MSP.Musculoskeletal pain is a common disorder among Nigerian undergraduates. The low back and the neck were the most affected. MSP was perceived to be caused by prolonged poor postures assumed during lectures, and it predisposes to limitation of daily activities. Preventive strategies to reduce MSP among Nigerian undergraduates are necessary.Keywords: Musculoskeletal pain, university undergraduates, prevalence, pattern, Nigeria

Mitigating Social Engineering Menace in Nigerian Universities

Advances in technology continues to facilitate data processing activities; and plays a critical role to serve users’ social needs. The advent of smartphones has further eased the adoption and caused a spike in the usage of these technologies as well as the deployment of Internet-based applications. Our study examines known social engineering attack techniques on users by focusing on comparison as used by intruders. Data is collected from some selected Nigerian undergraduates. Result of the conducted survey suggests that phishing method hits a higher success rate than other techniques; while other factors such as gender, also had an impact on the success rate of each technique used.

Influence of Access to HIV/AIDS Information on the Knowledge of Federal University Undergraduates in Nigeria

Abstract Information and knowledge are the foremost tools in fighting the scourge of HIV/AIDS. Previous studies have focused more on HIV/AIDS and Nigerian undergraduates’ attitudes, beliefs and protective practices than how information factors influence their knowledge of the pandemic. This study, therefore, investigated the influence of access to HIV/AIDS information on its knowledge among undergraduates of federal universities in Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design, with a combination of the purposive, proportionate and stratified random sampling technique used to select 1,679 undergraduates from five universities across five geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Questionnaire was the instrument used for collecting data, which were analyzed using Pearson’s product moment correlation and multiple regression. The most accessible sources of HIV/AIDS information among undergraduates were television (94.5 %), radio (93.0 %) and the Internet/ICT centers (90.5 %). The types of HIV/AIDS information frequently assessed were information on how to refuse sex (Mean=3.15), how to be faithful to one partner (Mean=3.12), sharing of sharp objects (Mean=3.12), blood transfusion (Mean=3.11), unprotected sexual intercourse (Mean=3.10) and how to use condoms correctly (Mean=3.09). Access to HIV/AIDS information (r=0.15) resulted in positive significant relationships with HIV/AIDS knowledge, thus access to HIV/AIDS information has a positive influence on the promotion of knowledge of HIV/AIDS among undergraduates. The level of study was also a predictor of HIV/AIDS knowledge, which was not the case for factors of age, discipline, gender, marital status, tribe and religion. The AIDS service organizations and program developers should come up with strategies that would strengthen and improve the content, accuracy and ease of understanding of HIV/AIDS information that students have access to in order to facilitate its use.

A cross sectional study on internet addiction, locus of control and psychological distress in a sample of Nigerian undergraduates

A cross sectional study on internet addiction, locus of control and psychological distress in a sample of Nigerian undergraduates

The impact of acne and facial post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation on quality of life and self-esteem of newly admitted Nigerian undergraduates.

BackgroundAcne and facial post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation are relatively common clinical conditions among adolescents and young adults, and inflict psychosocial injuries on sufferers.ObjectiveTo document the psychosocial and self-esteem implications of acne and facial hyperpigmentation on newly admitted undergraduates.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 undergraduates. Demographics and clinical characteristics were obtained and acne was graded using the US Food and Drug Administration 5-category global system of acne classification. Participants completed the Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI) and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES), and data were analyzed using SPSS 20.ResultsMean age of acne onset was 16.24 ± 3.32 years. There were 168 (84.0%) cases categorized as almost clear, 24 (12.0%) as mild acne, 4 (2.0%) as moderate acne and 4 (2.0%) as severe acne. Acne with facial hyperpigmentation, compared to acne without hyperpigmentation, was associated with significant level of anxiety in 30 participants (26.5% vs 10.3%, p=0.004) and emotional distress in 40 (35.4% vs 10.3%, p<0.001). Acne severity correlated with total CADI score but not with total RSES score. Quality of life (QoL) was significantly reduced among acne patients with facial hyperpigmentation (1.77±1.62, vs 1.07±1.02, p<0.001) compared to those without hyperpigmentation. Acne and facial hyperpigmentation was associated with social life interference, avoidance of public facilities, poor body image and self-esteem and perception of worse disease. There was no association between gender and QoL but acne was related to a reduction of self-worth. Low self-esteem was present in 1.5%, and severe acne was associated with an occasional feeling of uselessness in the male gender.ConclusionAcne with facial hyperpigmentation induces poorer QoL and self-esteem is impaired only in severe acne. Beyond the medical treatment of acne, dermatologists should routinely assess the QoL and give attention to treatment of facial post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation among people of color.