Nifedipine Controlled Release Tablets Research Articles

Comparative Bioequivalence and Food Effect of Two Formulations of 30-mg Nifedipine Controlled-Release Tablets in Healthy Chinese Adults.

Nifedipine is a potent antihypertensive medication classified as a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. The objective of this trial was to assess the bioequivalence of a 30-mg nifedipine controlled-release tablet and a reference drug in a cohort of healthy Chinese individuals. Two independent open-label, randomized, single-dose, crossover studies were conducted, 1 under fasting conditions (N = 44, with 1 participant dropping out midway) and the other under fed conditions (N = 44, with 4 participants dropping out midway). Plasma concentrations of nifedipine were determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were calculated using noncompartmental analysis with Phoenix WinNonlin 8.0 software. In both fasting and fed studies, reasonable bioequivalence was observed for the PK parameters of both the test product and the reference drug. A good safety profile was demonstrated for both the test product and reference drug, with no serious adverse events reported, and both were similarly well tolerated. An important observation with food coadministration was that systemic exposure to nifedipine (based on area under the curve, AUC0-∞ ) was reduced by approximately 12%. The bioequivalence of the test product and reference drug under fasting/fed conditions in healthy subjects in China was demonstrated by the study results.

[Economic evaluation of Annao Pills combined with antihypertensive drugs in treatment of primary hypertension: a study based on decision tree model].

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the economics of Annao Pills combined with antihypertensive drugs in the treatment of primary hypertension in the Chinese medical setting. TreeAge pro 2018 was used for cost-effect analysis and sensitivity analysis of the two treatment regimens. The intervention time of the simulation model was 2 weeks. The cost parameters were derived from Yaozhi.com, and the effect parameters were based on Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial(RCT) involving Annao Pills. The experimental group was treated with Annao Pills combined with anti-hypertensive drugs(nifedipine controlled-release tablets + losartan potassium tablets), and the control group was treated with anti-hypertensive drugs(nifedipine controlled-release tablets + losartan potassium tablets). The basic analysis showed that the incremental cost-effect ratio(ICER) of the two groups was 2 678.67 yuan, which was less than 7.26% of the per capita disposable income in 2022. That is, compared with anti-hypertensive drugs alone, Annao Pills combined with antihypertensive drugs cost 2 678.67 yuan more for each additional patient with primary hypertension. The results of sensitivity analysis verified the robustness of the basic analysis results. The probability sensitivity results showed that when the patient's personal willingness to pay the price was higher than 2 650 yuan, the probability of the regimen in the experimental group was higher, which was consistent with the results of the basic analysis. In conclusion, when the price was higher than 2 650 yuan, Annao Pills combined with anti-hypertensive drugs was more economical than anti-hypertensive drugs alone in terms of improving the response rate of the patients with primary hypertension.

Effects of intravenous nicardipine followed by oral labetalol in combination with nifedipine controlled-release tablet on severe peripartum hypertension

Effects of intravenous nicardipine followed by oral labetalol in combination with nifedipine controlled-release tablet on severe peripartum hypertension

Tongue Edema Caused by Taking Nifedipine Controlled-Release Tablets.

Tongue Edema Caused by Taking Nifedipine Controlled-Release Tablets.

Therapeutic improvements of nifedipine controlled-release tablets combined with sacubitril valsartan on patients with diabetic nephropathy complicated with hypertension

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of nifedipine controlled-release tablets combined with sacubitril valsartan in diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients with hypertension. One hundred and twelve DN patients with hypertension were enrolled. They were randomly divided into the control group (treated with nifedipine controlled-release tablets combined with valsartan) and the observation group (treated with nifedipine controlled-release tablets combined with sacubitril valsartan). Renal function, endothelial function and inflammatory response were examined. After three-months treatment, the levels of clinical indexes (glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure), renal function indicators (urinary albumin excretion rate, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and cystatin C), endothelial function indicators (microalbumin, angiotensin II, thrombomodulin and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein) and inflammatory response factors (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α) in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group. Nifedipine controlled-release tablets combined with sacubitril valsartan could effectively alleviate the progression of DN combined with hypertension.

PS-C20-3: MOBILE MEDICAL APP CAN BE MORE EFFECTIVE IN LONG-TERM MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTENSION PATIENTS

Objective: The application of mobile medical application, APP, to manage patients with hypertension makes the contact between doctors and patients more convenient, saves the economic cost and time cost of patients, and also makes it easier for doctors to manage patients and improve their compliance. This study investigated the effect of APP on long-term management of hypertension patients. Design and method: This trial was a randomized, single-blind, parallel, controlled study. A total of 302 patients with hypertension were included in this study and observed for one year. All the enrolled patients received antihypertensive treatment of nifedipine controlled release tablets with or without telmisartan in outpatient or ward. The APP of the experimental group could be used to push health education information, remind patients to measure their own blood pressure and take medication, and consult doctors online. Blood pressure, improvement of hypertensive target organ injury, and sodium intake were assessed in both groups after one year treatment. Results: There were no significant differences in blood pressure, urinary microalbumin and 24-hour urinary sodium levels between the two groups at baseline. APP information push was more helpful to the control of blood pressure, systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly, after treatment, systolic blood pressure of experimental group vs control group 133 ± 6mmHg vs 141 ± 11mmHg, P < 0.05; Diastolic pressure 83 ± 7mmHg vs 89 ± 9mmHg, P < 0.05. APP information push was more helpful to improve target organ injury (decrease of microalbuminuria), and microalbuminuria after treatment was 31 ± 12 mg/L vs 47 ± 14 mg/L, P < 0.05. APP information push helped control sodium intake, and the urine sodium level at 24 hours after treatment was 123 ± 31 mmol/24 h vs 148 ± 28 mmol/24 h, P < 0.05. Conclusions: Using mobile medical APP for patient management can help control patients’ blood pressure level, improve the degree of renal damage caused by hypertension, and help control sodium intake. APP can be used as an auxiliary means for long-term management of hypertension patients, which can improve the quality of blood pressure management of patients more effectively, conveniently and economically.

Analysis of Efficacy of Valsartan Combined with Nifedipine Controlled-release Tablets in the Treatment of Hypertension in Community

Analysis of Efficacy of Valsartan Combined with Nifedipine Controlled-release Tablets in the Treatment of Hypertension in Community

Analysis of the improvement of serological indexes in patients with diabetic nephropathy and hypertension using Valsartan combined with Nifedipine controlled-release regimen.

Objective:To investigate the effect of valsartan combined with nifedipine controlled-release Tablets on diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients with hypertension.Methods:The clinical records of 80 DN patients with hypertension registered in our hospital from April 2020 to April 2021 were collected. The records showed that 38 patients were treated with oral nifedipine controlled-release tablets (control group) and 42 - with oral valsartan combined with nifedipine controlled-release tablets (observation group). The improvement of serological indexes after treatment was compared and analyzed between the two groups.Results:After treatment, the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, bone oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), thrombin regulatory protein (TM) and Microalbumin (mALB) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), while the level of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) was higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). After the treatment, the levels of homocysteine (Hcy), Cystatin C (CysC) and transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of adiponectin (APN), aldosterone (ALD) and gastric growth promoting factor (ghrelin) in the observation group after the treatment were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusions:A combination of valsartan and nifedipine controlled-release tablets in DN patients with hypertension can effectively control blood glucose and blood pressure, improve the serological indexes such as COMP, TM, mAlb, Ang-1, Hcy, CysC, TGF-β1, APN, ALD and ghrelin, and potentially reduce and delay renal function damage.

Clinical Efficacy of Valsartan Combined with Nifedipine Controlled Release Tablets in the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy with Hypertension

Clinical Efficacy of Valsartan Combined with Nifedipine Controlled Release Tablets in the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy with Hypertension

A new perspective in understanding the dissolution behavior of nifedipine controlled release tablets by NIR spectroscopy with aquaphotomics

The in vitro dissolution profile is a key parameter which reflects the quality of sustained-release tablets. Most studies were used to determine the dissolution of tablets utilizing dissolution curves. This study aimed to investigate the role of water during nifedipine controlled release tablets dissolution process in order to provide a new way to understand the dissolution behavior. Dissolution liquid was added to the drug-containing layer slowly, and near infrared spectra were acquired according to the set time. NIR spectroscopy with aquaphotomics were introduced to determine different water patterns. The results showed that, the structural change of water was consistent with the dissolution process. During hydration stage, it was mainly Sr combined with the semi-permeable membrane to form a channel. Then S0, S1, S2 and S3 combined with the drug layer and the push layer. Finally, it was relied on the swelling of the push layer to push the drug layer out at the release process. This study not only deepens the understanding of the dissolution process, but also opens a new perspective in molecular interaction analysis in aqueous system by understanding the roles of water.

Analysis of Adherence to Antihypertensive Drugs in Chinese Patients with Hypertension: A Retrospective Analysis Using the China Health Insurance Association Database.

ObjectiveTo analyze the adherence to antihypertensive drugs in Chinese patients with hypertension and the factors associated with the drug adherence.MethodsThe data for this analysis were obtained from the 2014 China Health Insurance Association (CHIRA) database. The study included 64,576 patients aged ≥18 years who were prescribed one of the seven antihypertensive drugs included in the study in their first prescription in 2014 and were observed for ≥180 days. The medicine possession ratio (MPR) was calculated and taken as the measure of treatment adherence. MPR values <0.3, 0.3 to <0.5, 0.5 to <0.8, and ≥0.8 were considered treatment adherence very low, low, intermediate, and high, respectively. Descriptive statistics were used to present baseline data and treatment adherence rate. Multiple regression models were used to determine independent factors which can affect the treatment adherence rate. P-value <0.05 was considered significant.ResultsAmong the study antihypertensive drugs, amlodipine (33.98%), metoprolol (25.04%), and nifedipine (17.15%) were the frequently prescribed drugs. Nifedipine controlled release tablet had the highest MPR (0.61), followed by valsartan (0.53), valsartan/amlodipine fixed-dose combination (0.50), indapamide (0.40), and amlodipine (0.39), whereas benazepril (0.27) and metoprolol (0.19) had the lowest MPR. Higher reimbursement ratio, regular tertiary hospitals visits, lower age, and lower daily medical cost positively affected treatment adherence, whereas longer duration of illness and higher daily average cost affected treatment adherence negatively.ConclusionOur study assessed that prescribing more cost-effective, long-acting antihypertensive drugs, and raising the reimbursement ratio were associated with a better treatment adherence in Chinese patients with hypertension.

[Effect of " Huoxue Sanfeng acupuncture" auxiliary therapy on morning blood pressure and blood pressure load in elderly patients with stroke complicated with hypertension].

To observe the effects of "Huoxue Sanfeng acupuncture" auxiliary therapy on neurological function, blood pressure load and morning blood pressure in elderly patients with stroke complicated with hypertension, on the basis of "Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture" combined with nifedipine. Seventy patients with stroke complicated with hypertension were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 35 cases in each group. "Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture" and conventional nifedipine controlled release tablets were given in the control group. Regarding regaining consciousness with acupuncture, the main acupoint is Shuigou (GV 26), combined with Neiguan (PC 6) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6), retaining needle for 20 min, additionally, the quick needling technique was applied to Shangjiquan (Extra), Chize (LU 5) and Weizhong (BL 40) of the affected side, nifedipine controlled release tablets were orally administered 30 mg once a day for a total of 6 weeks. The "Huoxue Sanfeng acupuncture" was added on the basis treatment in the observation group, the acupuncture was applied at Renying (ST 9) as the main acupoint, combined with Quchi (LI 11), Hegu (LI 4), Zusanli (ST 36) and Taichong (LR 3). The strict manipulation quantitative acupuncture was used and the needle was retained for 20 min. Both acupuncture methods were performed once a day, 5 times a week, and continued treatment at intervals of 2 days, 10 times for one course, and a total of 3 courses were needed. The morning blood pressure and 24 h blood pressure load were measured before and after treatment. The National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) score and the Barthel index (BI) classification were observed before and after treatment. The systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly lower than those before treatment in the two groups (all P<0.01), and the systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (both P<0.01). There was no significant difference between the difference of systolic blood pressure before and after treatment in the two groups (P>0.05), and the difference of the diastolic blood pressure before and after treatment in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). The systolic and diastolic pressures load in the two groups were lower than those before treatment (all P<0.01), and the systolic and diastolic pressures load in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (both P<0.05), the difference of systolic and diastolic pressure load before and after treatment in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (both P<0.05). After treatment, the NIHSS scores in the two groups were lower than those before treatment (both P<0.01). The NIHSS scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The difference of NIHSS scores before and after treatment in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). After treatment, the BI grading was better than that before treatment in the two groups (both P<0.05), and the BI grading in the observation group was superior to that in the control group (P<0.05). On the basis of "Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture" combined with nifedipine controlled release tablets in the treatment of elderly patients with stroke complicated with hypertension, "Huoxue Sanfeng acupuncture" can further improve the function of nerve and limbs, effectively reduce the morning blood pressure level of elderly patients, especially diastolic blood pressure, and significantly improve systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure load.

Comparison of the curative effect of metoprolol combined with valsartan and nifedipine controlled release tablets in the treatment of primary hypertension complicated with coronary heart disease

Objective To compare the clinical effect of metoprolol combined with valsartan and nifedipine controlled release tablets in the treatment of primary hypertension complicated with coronary heart disease(CHD). Methods 200 primary hypertension patients with CHD were selected, and they were randomly divided into observation group and control group according to the digital table, 100 cases in each group.The observation group was treated with metoprolol combined with valsartan, the control group was treated with nifedipine controlled release tablets.The clinical effect of the two groups was compared. Results Before treatment, the diastolic and systolic blood pressure of the control group were (106.8±12.3)mmHg and (173.4±22.8)mmHg, respectively, which of the observation group were (104.3±11.4)mmHg, (177.6±24.2)mmHg, respectively, the differences were not statistically significant between the two groups(t=1.265, 0.337, all P>0.05). The diastolic and systolic blood pressure after treatmentin of the observation group were (131.6±17.4)mmHg, (85.3±7.1)mmHg, respectively, and the total effective rate of the observation group was 93.0%(93/100), the improvement rate of angina symptoms of the observation group was 86.0%(86/100), which were significantly better than those of the control group[(131.6±17.4)mmHg, (85.3±7.1) mmHg, 68.0%(68/100), 63.0%(63/100)], the differences were statistically significant (t=5.229, 6.122, χ2=9.148, 7.224, all P<0.05). Conclusion The combination of metoprolol and valsartan has better effect in the treatment of primary hypertension complicated with CHD compared with nifedipine controlled release tablets. Key words: Hypertension; Coronary heart disease; Metholol; Valsartan; Nifedipine controlled release tablets

White coat effect in hypertensive patients: the role of hospital environment or physician presence

This study was to evaluate the role of hospital environment or physician presence for white coat effect (WCE) in hypertensive patients. At first, 54 hypertensive outpatients diagnosed on office blood pressure (OBP) were included for 2-week placebo run in. During the second week of the run in period, home BP was measured using electronic BP monitors for 5–7 days. Finally, 26 sustained hypertensive patients with home systolic BP/diastolic BP over 135/85 (but <180/110) mm Hg were enrolled for 8-week treatment of nifedipine controlled–release tablet. In the visit day, BP was measured by patient-self (OBP-p) or by doctor (OBP-d) according to order determined with randomization method. The self-BP measurement was performed in a reception room of hospital. The differences between home BP and OBP-d or OBP-p were calculated as WCE calculated on doctor-measurement (WCE-d) or WCE calculated on patient-measurement (WCE-p), respectively. The home and OBP were measured with the same BP device for each patient during the study period. In the total 54 outpatients received placebo, the WCE-d was similar to the WCE-p (for systolic BP 6.6 ± 14.4 vs. 6.8 ± 15.8 mm Hg, NS; for diastolic BP 3.3 ± 8.8 vs. 2.9 ± 9.2 mm Hg, NS). Meanwhile, the 26 sustained hypertensive patients had similar systolic WCE-d and WCE-p (4.8 ± 10.3 vs. 5.0 ± 12.2 mm Hg, NS) at placebo stage. Similarly, these values were comparable (3.0 ± 14.0 vs. 2.2 ± 14.4 mm Hg, NS) in treatment stage. Hospital environment plays a main role for the WCE in hypertensive patients.

Comparison of antihypertensive effects and treatment compliance of extended release nifedipine tablets and nifedipine controlled release tablets

Objective To study the antihypertensive effects and treatment compliance of extended release nifedipine tablets and nifedipine controlled release tablets. Methods 120 cases of patients with hypertension from April 2012 to April 2013, with informed consent of patients and in accordance with the medical ethics standard, were divided into the group I and group II of 60 cases in each group according to the random number table method, the group I was given extended release nifedipine tablets for treatment while the group II was given nifedipine controlled release tablets for therapy, antihypertensive effect, treatment compliance and adverse reaction of two groups were compared. Results The total efficiency of group II was 93.3%,which was higher than 80.0% of the group I,there was statistically significant differences between the two groups(χ2= 12.019,P = 0.019); The adverse reaction rate of group II was 8.3%,which was significantly lower than 18.3% of the group I,there was statistically significant differences between the two groups(χ2= 11.271,P= 0.021);The treatment compliance of group II was 96.7%,which of the group I was 95.0%,there was no significant differences between the two groups(χ2= 5.419,P= 0.067). Conclusion Nifedipine controlled release tablets has a better antihypertensive effect, with less adverse reaction when compared with nifedipine controlled release tablets. Key words: Extended Release Nifedipine Tablets; Nifedipine Controlled Release Tablets; Antihypertensive effect; Compliance

Effect of Calcium Channel Blockers Plus Low-Dosage Aspirin on Hypertensive Pregnancy Outcomes

INTRODUCTION: This study investigated whether calcium channel blocker plus low-dosage aspirin therapy can reduce the incidence of hypertensive pregnancy complications and improved neonatal outcomes. METHODS: Sixty-eight patients from March 2011 to June 2013 were selected to join this trial according to the chronic hypertension criteria set by the Preface Bulletin of American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. They were broken down into an interventional group and a control group according to the severity and associated risks. The control group did not take any medicine, whereas the interventional group took either Norvasc (amlodipine besylate tablets) or Adalat (nifedipine controlled-release tablets) plus low-dosage aspirin and vitamin C. Both groups' baseline and outcome statistic data were reviewed retrospectively and compared. RESULTS: Although 39.4% patients of the interventional group developed superimposed preeclampsia, only 15.6% of the control group developed this complication; none of either group developed into more severe complications such as placental abruption, eclampsia, or HELLP (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelet count). A total of 15.1% of the interventional group had small-for-gestational-age neonates, whereas only 6.25% of the control group did. The neonatal weights of two groups did not show a statistically difference (P=.071) with 2,500 g as the benchmark. CONCLUSIONS: Calcium channel blockers plus low-dosage aspirin did not reduce the incidence of superimposed preeclampsia but help prevent it from developing into more severe complications. It did not improve small-for-gestational-age performance but improved the rate of birth weight greater than 2,500 g. The ladder management based on severity and associated risks level proved to be justified.

The ‘physical-mental’ treatment of cardiovascular disease co-morbid with mental disorders

A 47-year-old woman complained of sudden chest tightness, shortness of breath, palpitations and a severe headache. Her highest blood pressure had reached 200/120 mmHg before and was diagnosed as hypertension. One month ago, the results of her cranial CT scan showed multiple lacunar cerebral infarctions. She then complained of insomnia, extreme fatigue, poor appetite, loss of interest in everything and paid more attention to her blood pressure and measured blood pressure over five times per day at home. The patient went to visit a psychologist who drew the conclusion of depression. She took sertraline (50 mg once a day) and followed up with the psychologist in the following 2 weeks. During the last month, she has taken 30-mg nifedipine controlled-release tablets once a day and the blood pressure was well-controlled. More attention should be paid to the mental status of patients with cardiovascular disease. There are many screening tools to assess depression in cardiovascular disease patients. The ‘physical-mental’ treatment of cardiovascular disease cannot be conducted at one time and follow-ups are necessary.

Comparison of the effect of nifedipine controlled-release tablet and nifedipine sustained-release tablet in the treatment of hypertension

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of nifedipine sustained-release formulation(SR)and nifedipine controlled-release(GITS)in the treatment of essential hypertension.Methods 160 patients with essential hypertension were randomly divided into two groups.The SR group was treated with SR 20 mg twice a day;GITS group was treated with GITS 30 mg once a day.All patients were given ambulatory blood pressure monitoring(ABPM)and observed the 24-hour average blood pressure,heart rate,changes in the trough/peak(T/P)values,and adverse reactions before and after treatment in two groups.Results The T/P value of systolic blood pressure(SBP)and diastolic(DBP)in the GITS group was 68.5％,74.6％,respectively,which were higher than those of SR group(57.2％,61.1％)(x2=6.32,7.05,all P＜0.05);GITS group was significantly lower than the SR group in heart rate(t=4.17,P＜0.05);Adverse reactions between two groups had no significant difference(x2=0.16,P＞0.05).Conclusion SR and GITS can effectively lower blood pressure,but GITS is more efficient,stable,safe,small impact on the heart rate. Key words: Nifedipine; Formulations; Hypertension; Efficacy

Assessment on Antihypertensive Effect and Safety of Nifedipine Controlled-Release Tablet Administered at 80 mg/day in Practical Clinic

In this study, the effect of nifedipine controlled-release tablets at a dose of 80 mg/day (NCR80) on blood pressure (BP) and safety was investigated. In essential hypertension (n = 50, >140/90 mm Hg) despite a combined therapy with antihypertensive agents, NCR80 was administered instead of the previous antihypertensive agents and changes in BP and pulse rate (PR), side effects, and changes in laboratory test values were examined for 24 months. Thirty-three patients switched to NCR80 as the initial dose from the previous antihypertensive agents (Initial), while 17 patients started treatment at NCR40 and increased to NCR80 after 1–3 months (Up-titration). In the Initial group, BP decreased significantly and this significant reduction continued for 24 months, but not in the case of PR. In the Up-titration group, BP decreased significantly during the treatment with NCR40, and further reduced in 1–2 month(s) after NCR80. This significant reduction continued for 12 months, but not in the case of PR. The mean change in BP after increasing NCR40 to NCR80 was −16/–6 mm Hg at 6 months. When patients who received NCR80 were stratified into three grades according to the baseline systolic blood pressure level (SBP) (≥180, 160–179, and 140–159 mm Hg), the mean change in BP at 1 month was −55, −27, and −16 mm Hg, respectively. None of the 50 patients treated with NCR80 experienced any side effects and no abnormal change was observed in their laboratory test values. These findings suggested that NCR80 demonstrated the ability to control BP appropriately depending on the severity with favorable safety.

Development and evaluation of nifedipine controlled release tablets prepared using mucoadhesive swellable polymer

Nifedipine is embedded in Gelcarin GP-379 to develop a prolonged release matrix. The effect of polymers levels (15, 20, 30 and 50% w/w), diluent type (lactose Fast Flo, DiTab, and Avicel PH-101), and drug levels (13, 20 and 30% w/w) on in vitro release rate of the drug were investigated. The formulation containing 13% nifedipine, 20% Gelcarin GP-379, and lactose Fast Flo controlled the dissolution rate of nifedipine and released approximately 51% drug at 8 h of testing dissolution. The use of different types of diluents, different drug levels, and different rotational speeds during dissolution testing did affect the drug release rate from the swellable matrices. The dissolution data were analyzed according to Higuchi model, zero order, first order, and Peppas kinetic model. Drug release was found to follow the anomalous diffusion model for swellable matrix.