1 New York Times, 12 Sept. 2001, p. A26, cited in Joanne Meyerowitz, 'History and September 11: an Introduction', Journal of American History 89: 2, September 2002, p. 413. The articles in this collection are also available as History and September 11th, ed. Joanne Meyerowitz, Philadelphia, 2003. 2 For insights into how the periodizations common to European history intersect with non-Western histories see, in addition to Adam McKeown's contribution below: Craig Clunas, 'Modernity Global and Local: Consumption and the Rise of the West', American Historical Review 104: 5, December 1999, pp. 1,497-1,511; Sebastian Conrad, 'What time is Japan? Problems of Comparative (Intercultural) Historiography', History and Theory 38: 1, February 1999, pp. 67-83; Thomas Keirstead, 'Inventing Medieval Japan: the History and Politics of National Identity', Medieval History Journal 1: 1, 1998: pp. 47-71; and the contributions to 'Forum: Periodization in World History', American Historical Review 101: 3, June 1996, pp. 748-82. These questions are further addressed by Geoff Eley's article on 'Periodizing the Global', in History Workshop Journal 63 above. 3 Nick Cullather, 'Damming Afghanistan: Modernization in a Buffer State', Journal of American History 89: 2, September 2002, pp. 512-37. 4 James C. Scott, Seeing like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition have Failed, New Haven, 1998. 5 Charles Baudelaire, 'The Painter of Modern Life', in his The Painter of Modern Life and other Essays, transl. and ed. Jonathan Mayne, New York, 1964, p. 13.