Niagara Falls Research Articles

3D Printed Customized Facemask for Maxillary Protraction in the Early Treatment of a Class III Malocclusion: Proof-of-Concept Clinical Case.

In order to improve fit and comfort, a maxillary protraction facemask customized to the patient’s anatomy was produced by means of 3D face scanning, digital design and additive manufacturing. An 8-year-old patient in need of early treatment for the Class III malocclusion received a rapid palatal expander and a Petit-type facemask, whose components were digitally designed on a 3D scan of the patient’s face. For face scanning, the iPad Pro 2018 tablet (Apple, Cupertino, CA, USA) with the Bellus3D DentalPro application (Bellus3D, Campbell, CA, USA) was used. Facemask components were modelled with 3D Blender software. The rests were 3D printed in BioMed Clear biocompatible resin (Formlabs, Somerville, MA, USA), and the bar in stainless steel. For greater comfort, the internal surface of the rests was lined with a polymer gel pad (Silipos, Niagara Falls, NY, USA). The manufacturing procedure of the customized facemask is patented. The patient wore the facemask at night for a period of 9 months. The patient’s experience was evaluated with a questionnaire at 1 week, 3, 6, and 10 months of treatment. The customized facemask was well accepted by the patient and obtained the expected treatment outcome. Furthermore, 3D face scanning, 3D modelling and 3D printing allow for the manufacturing of customized facemasks with improved fit and comfort, favoring patient compliance and treatment success.

Lover's Leap Legends: From Sappho of Lesbos to Wah-Wah-Tee of Waco

Lover's Leap tales in the American Midwest exist in areas with the appropriate geographical features (tall cliffs or waterfalls) and local communities to populate the story's cast of characters. Leland Payton and Crystal Payton have been photographing the Ozark Mountain region for at least 50 years, documenting a range of Lover's Leaps, along with their other interests, within the local natural environment. The research for this book grew out of their larger interest in the connections between regional history and the environment as a way for them to contextualize patterns they had found within the collected stories and ephemera. The authors wanted their book to demonstrate not only the dissemination of the tales from their original Romantic European origins, but also how these stories could be used to discuss American geography.The book is divided into chapters, predominantly organized by geographical region. The narrative starts along the Mississippi. This region provides many locations ideal for the emergence of a Lover's Leap tale, and the regional commentaries provided by Mark Twain offer a balance of detail and cynicism that Payton and Payton embrace. The authors frequently return to stories collected along the Mississippi while contrasting them with those associated with the American South, Midwest, West, and New England—focusing especially on places, such as Niagara Falls, where the local tourism provides vibrant elaborations on the theme. While most of the characters within the Lover's Leap stories are Native American, the authors are quick to clarify that they are not trying to make a statement about Native American cultures.Payton and Payton's research materials came from three sources: the photographs they took themselves of the geographic phenomena; the ephemera, photographs, and souvenirs gathered over many years of exploring flea markets and auctions; and the written texts—published and archival—that retell and disseminate local stories. The authors acknowledge that the majority of their sources (both narrative and pictorial) were produced in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by white men, and that the tales themselves match stories from Western Europe more so than any Native American source. However, their choice to reproduce the original authors’ texts without conducting additional ethnographic research or independent analysis remains problematic. The racial and gender-based stereotyped language that was prevalent when these texts were written needs to be contextualized. Payton and Payton do not choose to situate the terminology they perpetuate within its historical context, nor do they provide acknowledgment that the language used has had derogatory meanings throughout history. The book would also benefit greatly from the application of some theories of story transmission developed by folklorists and from a stronger acknowledgment of how the original texts essentialize the cultures described.The final chapter, “An Edgy Mythos,” connects some of the recurring tropes and motifs found in the variants to the relevant geographical features. Payton and Payton finally apply their own analysis to support their argument alluded to earlier, that the Lover's Leap stories convey cultural knowledge about the interaction between white settlers and their environment, framed as a description of a spurious local Native American culture. The result is still the oversimplification of Indigenous people and their motives, but with additional context to allow the reader to develop their own conclusions. This final chapter demonstrates the level of analysis the authors could have achieved with more investigation of individual themes rather than the desire to reproduce the vast volume of available sources.The strength of this book arises from the photographs (original and reproduced), ephemera, and other visuals provided on nearly every page. Payton and Payton are experienced photographers and material-culture collectors, and the care they put into the curation of their collection is evident. However, the sheer volume of the visuals sometimes diminishes the argument that the images are intended to support because the captions do not always parallel the written text. The book would have benefitted from a more thorough analysis of this visual record, perhaps with more detailed connections, support, and context—and fewer repetitive textual examples.The volume itself is beautifully formatted, and the collection of photographs and ephemera deserves further study. Payton and Payton intentionally and explicitly avoid cultural theory in order to keep their text accessible to those readers without an academic background. However, their open disdain for “those who ‘theory’ for a living” (p. 109) results in apathy toward some of the scholarly work—both great and humble—that could have helped shape this extensive but somewhat disconnected assortment of ephemera and nineteenth-century newspaper articles into a solid exploration of local history and folklore.

"You": A Girl amidst Images and Sounds of Adult Violence in Joyce Carol Oates’s Rape: A Love Story

Teena Maguire and her child, Bethie, are brutally attacked and beaten by a mob of violent young men in a park at night. While the mother is gang raped and nearly killed, the daughter is both the witness and the victim of physical and psychological violence. Through its innovative second-person narration, Joyce Carol Oates’s novella Rape: A Love Story (2004) contributes to her sustained interest in family relationships, violence, crime and justice. However, rather than focusing on the victim of the rape, Oates writes a coming-of-age story that explores the daughter’s trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder and fight for survival, a struggle that coincides with the girl’s critical passage from childhood to adulthood. During the months after the assault, Bethie’s innocence is also repeatedly violated by the aggressors’ intrusion into her life and the hostility of the community in the town of Niagara Falls and its social institutions, such as police, school, media, healthcare and the judicial system. Unable to cling to girlhood or to find maternal protection, her forced witnessing of her mother’s gang rape compels Bethie to mature too early while experiencing her first love for a man.

100 years of sea lampreys above Niagara Falls: A reflection on what happened and what we learned

In the one hundred years since sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) were discovered in Lake Erie, the species completed its invasion throughout the Great Lakes basin, contributed to the downfall of the commercial fishing industry, and served as a catalyst for the development of the collaborative fishery management regime that exists today. The sea lamprey invasion simultaneously caused wide-spread devastation while giving rise to a collective realization that the health of the Great Lakes would require ongoing cooperation among governments, scientists, and users of the resource. Since its inception, the effort to control sea lampreys in the Great Lakes has been defined by a “shoot for the moon” mentality. The desperation of communities directly harmed by the sea lamprey invasion, coupled with the determination and unyielding commitment to science by those tasked with addressing the problem, led to the formation of the only reported successful aquatic vertebrate invasive species control program at an ecosystem scale.

Waterfall low-frequency vibrations and infrasound: implications for avian migration and hazard detection.

Many researchers have suggested that birds may use natural infrasound sources for navigation and hazard avoidance. However, there is a need to define the sound levels and frequencies to characterize potential infrasound sources. This paper summarizes new measurements from Niagara Falls which define a stable, powerful infrasound source that could be detected by birds on a regional scale of over 400km. Measurements made in the vicinity of Niagara Falls show that exceptional infrasonic pressure levels can occur in the regions of large waterfalls (> 100Pa at a range of about 500m). This paper reviews investigator assessments of avian use of infrasound. A review of the results of Cornell researchers on pigeon hearing provides a basis for estimating avian detection ranges of waterfalls. It is possible that migrating birds use sounds from waterfalls as beacons- a component of their "navigation toolbox" as well as infrasound for hazard avoidance.

Collapse at the Confluence: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Binghamton City School District

This project analyzes student exam scores in the Binghamton City School District (BCSD) in comparison to New York State averages and to the school districts in Troy, Schenectady, Utica, and Niagara Falls. By collecting data from twenty-one different school years, provided by New York State on the New York State Education Data Site (NYSED), we illustrate a clear decline from the state mean in Binghamton’s academic performance that remains in line with the pattern of academic performance in the other four, previously mentioned, school districts. To look at why this is occurring, we collected population data from the U.S. Census Bureau; gathered budgeting and education data from NYSED and the United States Department of Education; and conducted interviews with district leaders to understand factors that influence student achievement. Our analysis reveals a rate of population mobility and a pattern of per-pupil expenditure - within the Binghamton community - that is disproportionately higher when compared to averages at the state level and with some of its peers. Our study indicates that ELA exam scores rise with the increase of expenditures, while math scores do not, and that total expenditures are more impactful than instructional. Research also points to poverty and parent engagement as influential factors on exam scores but is unable to make any definitive correlation. Despite what our interviews suggested would be the case, results do not support population mobility as a determining factor in exam outcomes. Our results suggest that policies that allocate expenditures more effectively, that keep parents involved, and that revise current testing standards when considered in conjunction with our literature review, are the most necessary state education reform for education. Results alone, however, are unable to point to any definitive causes behind BCSD’s underperformance or provide solutions.

OxyChem will close Niagara Falls facility

Occidental Petroleum’s OxyChem unit says it will close its plant in Niagara Falls, New York, a move that will affect 130 full-time employees and 20 full-time contractors. The plant’s main products are chlorine, caustic soda, hydrochloric acid, and sodium hypochlorite. OxyChem says it tried over the last several years to make the facility viable. In the end, the firm says, it made the shutdown decision due to “unfavorable regional market conditions as well as unreasonable and continually escalating rail transportation costs.” The facility is the last operating part of a chemical complex that was built over a century ago and at various times produced plastics and chlorinated benzene and phenol. The complex was also the source of hazardous waste dumped in the nearby Love Canal—mainly while operated by Hooker Chemical, which Occidental purchased in 1968. OxyChem says an affiliated company, Glenn Springs Holdings, will oversee the Niagara Falls property after

Preface

Preface to the Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Symposium on Combinatorial Search held in Niagara Falls, Canada, July 2012.

The Storied Landscape of Iroquoia: History, Conquest, and Memory in the Native Northeast

The Storied Landscape of Iroquoia: History, Conquest, and Memory in the Native Northeast

Correction to: Freshwater fish functional and taxonomic diversity above and below Niagara Falls

Correction to: Freshwater fish functional and taxonomic diversity above and below Niagara Falls

Shaker Vision: Seeing Beauty in Early America. By Joseph Manca

Shaker Vision: Seeing Beauty in Early America. By Joseph Manca

James Andrews’s “Fashionable Tour”: A Philadelphia Quaker Travels, not without Mishap, Up the Hudson River to Niagara Falls and Back in the Summer of 1821

James Andrews’s “Fashionable Tour”: A Philadelphia Quaker Travels, not without Mishap, Up the Hudson River to Niagara Falls and Back in the Summer of 1821 Dee E. Andrews (bio) and Celeste L. Andrews (bio) Near the end of July 1821, James Andrews, a 25-year old unmarried Philadelphia Quaker, set out to Manhattan to visit his older brother Josiah who had recently moved to the city.1 From Manhattan, Andrews ventured up the Hudson River and across the Mohawk River Valley and western New York to Niagara Falls, a round-trip journey of nearly 1,200 miles, to view what was already recognized as one of the new nation’s great natural wonders. Along the way, he started a diary, initially in the form of a letter to his mother, that quickly turned into a travel journal.2 In the same summer, Gideon Minor Davison, a Saratoga printer, traveled much the same route and beyond to Montréal, Québec, and back by way of Boston, and produced the first of a series of travel guides called The Fashionable Tour from his trip. Davison knew a good thing when he saw it. A primitive version of a Fodors guide, The Fashionable Tour combined local highlights, patriotic anecdotes, and, most importantly, practical advice on transport and accommodations. As its title implies, Davison’s guide presented travel as something status-building and relatively easily accomplished: a fundamental component of the new American business of tourism.3 [End Page 1] The 1820s also marked the beginning of Americans’ explicitly aesthetic and spiritual connection with nature, pioneered by the Hudson River school of landscape art under the commanding influence of British-born Thomas Cole. Cole began his career at the Academy of Fine Arts in Philadelphia and ultimately settled in Catskill, New York. Inspired by the Romantic movement and the as-yet unspoiled vistas of the Hudson River Valley, he produced some of the most influential works of any landscape artist and shaped Americans’ perceptions of what the natural world should look like. Cole’s work was driven by the fear that Americans’ long march to improvement would destroy the natural landscape, including the rivers and ancient forests of upstate New York. And he was right: the Erie Canal and urban development were rapidly transforming many of New York’s natural scenes into industrial sites.4 In short, James Andrews came of age at a time when what we today would call environmental tourism and an ethos of naturalism were increasingly familiar to Philadelphians: an appreciation of what Davison, Cole, and Andrews himself, called “the sublime.” Andrews was by no means the first Quaker to make this journey. In October and November 1805, Robert Sutcliff, from York, England, had also gone out of his way to trek from Merion, Pennsylvania to Niagara and back. Along the way Sutcliff attended Nine Partners Quarterly Meeting and visited Nine Partners School, met and stayed with Friends and members of his own family who had emigrated to America, and conducted business. Sutcliff was not disinterested in his surroundings. He writes in detail about the people he meets, remarks on modes of travel, and, as a member of the Romantic generation himself, expresses sympathy for enslaved peoples and Indians and frequently comments on the as yet unchanged natural world of the New York and Pennsylvania interiors. His book includes engravings based on his drawings of Friends meeting houses as well as Niagara Falls.5 Andrews’s trip was different. Apart from visiting his brother in Manhattan, he appears to have met no other Quakers along the way and conducted no business or mission and stayed exclusively at public accommodations. The journal includes a surprisingly enthusiastic rendering, given Andrews’s Quakerism, of Continental Army commander Anthony Wayne’s triumph at Stony Point. But this too was from a family, rather than a religious, connection. General Wayne, like Andrews, came from [End Page 2] Click for larger view View full resolution From the Andrews Family Private Collection, courtesy of the Children of James Andrews, Jr. and Elisabett Bardsley Andrews. [End Page 3] Chester County roots. Andrews would marry Hannah Lloyd, a granddaughter of Hugh Lloyd, a Free Quaker, who had...

Contemporary Oneida Beadwork: Revitalized Identity Through an “Adopted” Art Form

A relatively new type of raised beadwork has “become a way of life” for the Oneida people of Wisconsin. “Beading extravaganzas” are important social events, and beadwork adorns ritual objects such as graduation stoles. This examination of contemporary Oneida beadwork functions as an intriguing update to Ruth Phillip’s 1990 TSA paper, “Moccasins into Slippers: Traditions and Transformations in Nineteenth-Century Woodlands Indian Textiles.” Phillips documented how indigenous forms “morphed” into objects made for sale to non-natives at sites such as Niagara Falls. While even tourist art was part of native cultural identity, its greatest significance was as a source of income in a changing cultural landscape.

Description of the American Community of John Steinbeck’s Adventure in Novel Travels with Charley in Search of America 1960s

This article aims at describing the social life of the American people in several places that made the adventures of John Steinbeck as the author of the novel Travels with Charley in Search of America around the 1960s. American people’s lives are a part of world civilizations that literary readers need to know. This adventure was preceded by an author’s trip in New York City, then to California, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Maine, New Jersey, Saint Lawrence, Quebec, Niagara Falls, Ohio, Chicago, Illinois, Michigan, North Dakota, the Rocky Mountains, Washington, the West Coast, Oregon, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, New Orleans, Salinas, and again ended in New York. In processing research data, the writer uses one of the methods of literary research, namely the Dynamic Structural Approach which emphasizes the study of the intrinsic elements of literary work and the involvement of the author in his work. The intrinsic elements emphasized in this study are the physical and social settings. The research data were obtained from the results of a literature study which were then explained descriptively. The writer found a number of descriptions of the social life of the American people in the 1960s, namely the life of the city, the situation of the inland people, and ethnic discrimination. The people of the city are busy taking care of their profession and competing for careers, inland people living naturally without competing ambitions, and black African Americans have not enjoyed the progress achieved by the Americans. The description of American society related to the fictional story is divided by region, namely east, north, middle, west, and south. The social condition in the eastern region is dominated by beaches and mountains, and is engaged in business, commerce, industry, and agriculture. The comfortable landscape in the northern region spends the people time as breeders and farmers. The natural condition in the middle region of American is very suitable for agriculture, plantations, and animal husbandry. Many people in the western American region facing the Pacific Ocean become fishermen. The natural conditions from the plains and valleys to the hills make the southern region suitable for plantation land.

Freshwater fish functional and taxonomic diversity above and below Niagara Falls

The Niagara River, which connects two Great Lakes (Erie and Ontario) and forms a border between Canada and the United States, has experienced decades of abiotic and biotic disturbance as well as long-term restoration efforts. Given the iconic riverscape and importance as a binational fisheries resource, a biodiversity assessment of the mainstem Niagara River fish assemblage is overdue. Here, fish assemblage and habitat data from a standardized boat electrofishing program of the Niagara River were combined with species trait data related to substrate associations, diet preferences, reproductive strategies, and body size to quantify biodiversity patterns among river sections (sites above and below Niagara Falls), seasons (spring, summer, fall), and years (2015–2017). Sixty-five species were captured representing a variety of trait combinations. Significant differences in functional dispersion and divergence (i.e., functional diversity) were observed between river sections, seasons, and (or) years. The fish community captured in the lower river in spring 2015 had both the highest average functional dispersion (2.08 ± 0.32 SD) and divergence (0.88 ± 0.04 SD) compared to the other seasonal sampling efforts, but relatively few fishes were captured (n = 686). Although non-native fishes represented a small portion of the catch over the 3 years (8.6% of catch), the seasonal presence (spring and fall) of mostly introduced large-bodied salmonids expanded functional trait space in the lower river during these periods. The importance of rare species on functional diversity metrics suggests further insight on local species detection probabilities is needed to understand if differences in functional diversity reflect ecological patterns or are driven by sampling design.

Electrochemical Loads: Served by Niagara Falls Hydropower [History

In 1895, the Niagara Falls Power Company installed an early largescale polyphase generating station at Niagara Falls, New York. Later named Adams Plant No. 1, power was first produced in 1895. Ten years later, a total of six ac-generating stations were in operation on both sides of the U.S.?Canadian border. The rapid development of power generation at Niagara Falls was in no small part a result of the burgeoning electrochemical industry.

My Life with Hawthorne

My Life with Hawthorne

10th international workshop on the CCN family of genes, Niagara Falls, Canada, October 21-24, 2019.

10th international workshop on the CCN family of genes, Niagara Falls, Canada, October 21-24, 2019.

Report on the 10th international workshop on the CCN family of genes October 21-24, 2019, Niagara Falls, Canada.

Report on the 10th international workshop on the CCN family of genes October 21-24, 2019, Niagara Falls, Canada.

Packaging Niagara:The Langenheim Brothers and the Transatlantic Circulation of Early Photography

A few years after opening their celebrated photography studio in their new home in Philadelphia, German immigrants William and Frederick Langenheim produced eight almost identical daguerreotype panoramas of Niagara Falls. Keeping one set for themselves, they sent the others to multiple heads of state. The brothers’ identities as American photographers and experiences as German immigrants, this article demonstrates, shaped their specific photographic vision of the impressive cataracts as well as its circulation abroad. By calling attention to the German dimensions of this project, this article underscores their panorama as an important articulation of German-American identity formation. The article thus highlights the intercultural nature of the Langenheim brothers’ photographic practice, and the fact that the medium itself was rooted in international networks and trade in the mid-nineteenth century. Through a close examination of their advertising campaigns, their relationship with optician Peter Wilhelm Friedrich von Voigtländer and their extraordinary 1845 panorama, this article allows us to better understand how ideas of culture were negotiated through the making and distribution of early photography.