Ni Ion Concentration Research Articles

Production of acid-treated-biochar and its application to remediate low concentrations of Al(III) and Ni(II) ions in the water contaminated with red mud

Production of acid-treated-biochar and its application to remediate low concentrations of Al(III) and Ni(II) ions in the water contaminated with red mud

A Biocompatibility Study of Plasma Nanocoatings onto Cobalt Chromium L605 Alloy for Cardiovascular Stent Applications.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of trimethylsilane (TMS) plasma nanocoatings modified with NH3/O2 (2:1 molar ratio) plasma post-treatment onto cobalt chromium (CoCr) L605 alloy coupons and stents for cardiovascular stent applications. Biocompatibility of plasma nanocoatings was evaluated by coating adhesion, corrosion behavior, ion releasing, cytotoxicity, and cell proliferation. Surface chemistry and wettability were studied to understand effects of surface properties on biocompatibility. Results show that NH3/O2 post-treated TMS plasma nanocoatings are hydrophilic with water contact angle of 48.5° and have a typical surface composition of O (39.39 at.%), Si (31.92 at.%), C (24.12 at.%), and N (2.77 at.%). The plasma nanocoatings were conformal to substrate surface topography and had excellent adhesion to the alloy substrates, as assessed by tape test (ASTM D3359), and showed no cracking or peeling off L605 stent surfaces after dilation. The plasma nanocoatings also improve the corrosion resistance of CoCr L605 alloy by increasing corrosion potential and decreasing corrosion rates with no pitting corrosion and no mineral adsorption layer. Ion releasing test revealed that Co, Cr, and Ni ion concentrations were reduced by 64–79%, 67–69%, and 57–72%, respectively, in the plasma-nanocoated L605 samples as compared to uncoated L605 control samples. The plasma nanocoatings showed no sign of cytotoxicity from the test results according to ISO 10993-05 and 10993-12. Seven-day cell culture demonstrated that, in comparison with the uncoated L605 control surfaces, the plasma nanocoating surfaces showed 62 ± 7.3% decrease in porcine coronary artery smooth muscle cells (PCASMCs) density and had comparable density of porcine coronary artery endothelial cells (PCAECs). These results suggest that TMS plasma nanocoatings with NH3/O2 plasma post-treatment possess the desired biocompatibility for stent applications and support the hypothesis that nanocoated stents could be very effective for in-stent restenosis prevention.

Modification of Coal Fly Ash with Dithizone for Adsorption of Ni(II) Metal Ion

Adsorption of Ni(II) ion onto adsorbent of dithizone-immobilized coal fly ash (IFA) has been investigated in batch experiments. The activated coal fly ash (AFA) and its dithizone modification were characterized by FT-IR and XRD. Several parameters influencing the adsorption of Ni (II) ions on both adsorbents including effect of pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and initial concentration on the efficiency of the adsorption of Ni (II) ion were investigated. The optimum condition of Ni(II) adsorption was found at pH 4, adsorbent dosage of 0.02 g, contact time of 60 min and initial Ni (II) ion concentration of 80 mg L–1. The adsorption kinetics of Ni(II) ions on AFA is best described by a pseudo first-order kinetic model while that on IFA follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption isotherm of Ni(II) on both adsorbents follows the Langmuir model. Kinetics and adsorption isotherm studies suggest that the capacity and affinity of the IFA in adsorbing Ni(II) ions are significantly improved compared to those of AFA, suggesting the role of dithizone in the adsorption of Ni (II) by forming chelate complexation as proved by the results of sequential desorption.

Biosorption of Ni(II) ions from aqueous solutions using Melia azedarach biomass

ABSTRACT. Biosorption is a cost effective tool for removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions. In the present study, M. azedarach biomass has been used for the biosorption of Ni(II) ion from aqueous solution. The effect of pH, contact time, concentration and temperature were separately studied. The optimum pH was found to be 6.0. 92% biosorption of Ni(II) ion was founded, when 25 mg/L of initial Ni(II) ion concentrations was used at room temperatures in 60 min. It was also observed that percent biosorption of Ni(II) increases with increase in temperature. The equilibrium biosorption data were analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms both were best fitted to our data. The maximum biosorption capacity (qmax) of 9.345 mg/g for Ni(II) according to Langmuir model. The kinetics of Ni(II) ion revealed that present biosorption process proceeds according to pseudo second order kinetics. From Thermodynamic parameters including Gibbs free energy change (∆G), enthalpy change (DH) and entropy change (ΔS), it was concluded that biosorption of Ni(II) ion using M. azedarach biomass is feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature.
 
 KEY WORDS: Ni(II) ions, Melia azedarach, Biosorption, Kinetics, Thermodynamics
 
 Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(3), 521-530. 
 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i3.3

Effect of SiO2/Al2O3 Ratio on the Crystallization and Heavy Metal Immobilization of Glass Ceramics Derived from Stainless Steel Slag

This study investigated the effects of the SiO2/Al2O3 mass ratio on the glass stability, crystallization and heavy metal immobilization of glass ceramics derived from stainless steel slag (SSS). When the SiO2/Al2O3 mass ratio decreased from 11.2 to 4.2, the glass stability and the depolymerization degree of the parent glass increased from 2.13 to 2.40 and subsequently decreased to 2.31. The predominant crystal phase of the resulting glass–ceramics changed from pyroxene and diopside to wollastonite, pyroxene, and diopside as the crystallization temperature of samples increased from 800°C to 860°C. The heavy metals, Cr and Mn, from SSS cured in the spinel of glass–ceramics, whereas the hazardous metal Ni was primarily found in pyroxene (CaNiSi2O6). In addition, the leached concentrations of hazardous metals, Ni, Mn, and Cr ions, in glass-ceramics were far below the national standard. The results showed that it is possible and safe to turn SSS into eco-friendly glass-ceramic.

Potential use of Friction Welding for Fabricating Semi-Biodegradable Bone Screws

Certain surgical interventions, such as fractures, may require implants that have a combination of external and internal parts made of inert and biodegradable biomaterials, respectively. This implant design can be fabricated using specific fabrication methods such as friction welding that are able to efficiently combine two biomaterials. This study reports the utilization of the direct friction welding technique for the fabrication of semi-biodegradable bone screws using two parent metals of low carbon steel and austenitic stainless steel 202. The welding parameters were optimized to obtain welded joints for bone screw fabrication. The mechanical properties of metals that have been welded were identified through tensile and three-point bending analyses. The corrosion test was then conducted on the welded metals through the measurement of corrosion rate, changes in pH value, morphology visualization, and element release, while the cytotoxicity effect was evaluated through a cell viability test. Screw implant materials with a diameter of up to 12.7 mm were successfully fabricated using a continuous friction drive welding machine at 4000 rpm and 24.5 MPa hydraulic pressure. The results of mechanical testing show that the tensile strength of weld joints decreased by 3.6% from low carbon steel and 20.4% from stainless steel. Fractures were observed at the welding interface after being subjected to flexural testing. The pH value of the Saline solution decreased from 7.13±0.06 to 6.73±0.06 after the welded metals were immersed for up to 8 weeks. Evaluation of the surface morphology in all welding zones at week eight samples obtained that almost all types of corrosion that occurred were uniform corrosion, except in the PZ zone where galvanic corrosion was formed. The concentrations of Cr and Ni ions (ppm level) were very low, namely 0.058 ppm for Cr and 0.199 ppm for Ni. The viability of human fibroblast cells was maintained at higher than 75% viability after the cell incubation at 1, 3, and 5 days with different parts of welded joints.

Adsorption of Ni (II) ions from wastewater on adsorbents derived from natural materials: Kinetic and Thermodynamic study

The excessive exposure of nickel ions to the environment can lead to severe damage of kidneys, lungs, dermatitis and cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to remove nickel ions from wastewater. So batch mode adsorption experiments of Ni (II) ions on different natural materials were carried out in the present study. The parameters studied includes initial Ni (II) ion concentration, contact time, dose of adsorbents, pH and temperature. All Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin adsorption isotherm models were found to be best fitted models as per the linear regression coefficient R2 values. The monolayer (maximum) adsorption capacities (qm) ranging from 4.608 to 13.514 mg/g for natural adsorbents under study. As qe(the) values are matched with qe(exp) showed that Lagergen pseudo -second order model fits the kinetics of adsorption of Ni (II) ions on these natural materials. Amount of Ni (II) ions adsorbed on adsorbents was found to be directly proportional with pH and temperature. According to thermodynamic analysis, adsorption of Ni (II) ions on adsorbents was favourable, spontaneous and endothermic physical adsorption. Out of the six adsorbents under study, Mango (Mangifera indica) leaf powder was found have greater adsorption capacity and Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) fruit shell powder had least adsorption capacity towards Ni (II) ions.

Microstructure, mechanical properties and biocompatibility of laser metal deposited Ti–23Nb coatings on a NiTi substrate

To simultaneously obtain superior superelasticity and biological properties, single- and multi-layer Ti–23Nb coatings were deposited on a cold-rolled NiTi substrate using laser metal deposition (LMD). The microstructure of the single-layer coating consisted of a cellular structure with a grid size of ∼300 μm in the eutectic layer, strip structures and prior β-(Ti, Nb) phases surrounded by the Ti2Ni(Nb) phase in the Ni diffusion zone. In contrast, the microstructure of the multi-layer coating consisted of α′, α′′, and prior β phases, which arise from the partition of Nb. Compared with the NiTi substrate, the Ni ion release concentration of the single-layer coating is reduced by 45% with similar nano-mechanical behavior, i.e. a nanohardness, H, of ∼4.0 GPa, a reduced Young's modulus, Er, of ∼65 GPa, an elastic strain to failure, H/Er, of ∼0.06, a yield stress, H3/Er2, of ∼0.016 GPa, and a superelastic strain recovery, ηsr, of ∼0.3. The reduction of Ni ion concentration for multi-layer coating after 35 days is even better at up to 62%, but at the cost of a degradation in the mechanical properties. The LMD coatings have a high dislocation density, and their creep is controlled by dislocation movement.

Nickel ions release from orthodontic wires into the oral cavity during orthodontic treatment

The medical literature speaks about the influence of the oral cavity environment on the orthodontic archwires containing nickel (Ni) in their structure, causing corrosion of the archwires with the release of nickel ions into the patient’s oral fluids leading to its ingestion. If the nickel content in the body exceeds certain proportions, it is considered hazardous and can cause negative effects on the patient’s body.Aim. To assess whether the clinical application of round thermoactive nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires will risk increasing the concentration of (Ni) ions in the patient’s oral fluids within first two months of the orthodontic treatment.Materials and methods. The Research was conducted on 17 patients, aged 14 to 27 years, fixed metallic orthodontic appliances were used for treatment. Using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, oral fluid Samples were analyzed to determine the preliminary рН. Oral fluid samples were gathered from all participants of the study groups during different periods of time, observation was as follows: Before installation of fixed appliances, immediately after fixing the braces and tying up the thermoactive NiTi archwires, in 7 days, one month and two months after fixation.Results. There were no statistically significant differences in concentration of (Ni) ions in first two months of treatment. However, in (25 %) of samples taken from patients in 1-2 months after the beginning of treatment a small increase in concentration of Ni ions (by 7,5 %) was observed.Conclusions. It is improbable that a thermoactive NiTi archwire has a significant additional Ni load for patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.

Potential to remove heavy metals and cyanide from gold mining wastewater using biochar

Gold processing results in the generation of tailings wastewater which contain cyanide (CN−) and heavy metals ions such as chromium (Cr3+), iron (Fe2+), zinc (Zn2+), nickel (Ni3+), lead (Pb2+), manganese (Mn2+) and copper (Cu2+). On the other hand, low cost-based bio adsorbents have received a lot of interest as a source of bio-based wastewater treatment for removal of wastewater contaminants. This study looks at the potential to remove contaminants from gold processing tailing dams using saw dust-based bio char. The bio char was produced through slow pyrolysis at 500 °C for 2 h. The bio char was then ground to particle sizes in the range of 0.5–2.0 mm before use as the bio adsorption media. The tailings wastewater was then passed through wastewater at various bio char loadings ranging from 10 to 50 mg/L at a pH of 7.0 for a period of 2–14 h. The wastewater was characterised using the APHA standard methods before and after bio adsorption. The CN, Cr, Fe, Zn, Ni, Pb, Mn and Cu ions concentration significantly reduced after the bio adsorption process with efficiency decreases as high as 75%, 78%, 74%, 87%, 82%, 70%, 85% and 90% respectively. Bio adsorbents can be successfully used to remove contaminants in gold tailings dam wastewater.

Removal of Toxic Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions in Integrated Clay Adsorption and Electroflotation

Most galvanic process industries treat their effluents by chemical precipitation methods. Such a method produces an amount of galvanic sludge that is often disposed of inappropriately to the environment, causing major environmental damage. These rejects present high concentrations of toxic metallic ions, such as copper (Cu(II)), lead (Pb(II)), nickel (Ni(II)), and cadmium (Cd(II)). Several alternatives have been proposed to contribute in a cheaper and efficient way to treat these effluents. This study aimed to describe the results obtained in the removal of the concentrations of Cu(II), Ni(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) ions, present in an aqueous solution, by the use of a hybrid system combining the adsorption and electroflotation processes simultaneously. The adsorbent materials used were two Brazilian soil clays classified as sodium clay (SC) and ferric clay (FC). For the electroflotation process, aluminum, iron, and stainless-steel electrodes were used. The obtained data showed good efficiency in the removal of the four metallic ion concentrations. The best results presented a reduction in the concentration of Cu(II), Ni(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) ions of 50.11%, 36.71%, 21.59%, and 23.43%, respectively, when it was used the hybrid system formed by the ferrous clay as adsorbent and the aluminum electrode for the electroflotation process.

Batch and continuous packed bed column studies on biosorption of nickel (II) by sugarcane bagasse

Biosorption of Ni (II) ions from aqueous solution in both batch and fixed column mode of operation was investigated in this study. Batch experiment parameters, initial pH (2–7), contact time (10 min to 240 min), sugarcane bagasse mass (0.25 g–3 g) and initial Ni (II) ion concentrations (20–100 ppm) on biosorption of Ni (II) were studied. Langmuir, Temkin and Freundlich isotherm models and pseudo first order and second order kinetic models were used to evaluate isotherm and kinetic parameters. The fixed bed column experiment was conducted with an initial Ni (II) ion concentration of 100 ppm at a bed depth of 10 cm and 5 cm using sugarcane bagasse pellets. Breakthrough time was found to be 1500 and 600 min for chosen bed height. The results from the study were aimed to contribute in understanding Ni (II) biosorption process, mechanism and parameters influencing biosorption in batch and packed bed column. These studies have demonstrated sugarcane bagasse as a potential biosorbent for Ni (II) biosorption.

A Critical Appraisal of the Use and Properties of Nickel-Titanium Dental Alloys.

Nickel–titanium (NiTi) archwires are used in dentistry for orthodontic treatment. NiTi alloys have favourable mechanical characteristics, such as superelasticity and shape memory, and are also known as a corrosion-resistant alloy. In specific cases, an archwire could be attacked by certain types of corrosion or wear degradation, which can cause the leaching of metal ions and a hypersensitive response due to increased concentrations of Ni in the human body. A systematic search of the literature retrieved 102 relevant studies. The review paper focuses on three main fields: (i) electrochemical properties of NiTi wires and the effect of different environments on the properties of NiTi wires (fluoride and low pH); (ii) tribocorrosion, a combination of chemical and mechanical wear of the material, and (iii) the biocompatibility of NiTi alloy and its subsequent effect on the human body. The review showed that corrosion properties are affected by microstructure, pH of saliva and the presence of fluorides. A high variation in published results should be, therefore, interpreted with care. The release of nickel ions was assessed using the same unit, showing that the vast majority of metal ions were released in the first few days of exposure, then a stable, steady state was reached. In tribocorrosion studies, the increased concentrations of Ni ions were reported.

Biosorption of Ni (II) from aqueous solutions and real industrial wastewater using modified A. barbadensis Miller leaves residue powder in a lab scale continuous fixed bed column

In the present studies, adsorption behavior of modified A. barbadensis Miller leaves (MABL) residue powder, an agricultural and herbal waste was investigated to remove Ni (II) ions from aqueous solutions in a fixed-bed adsorber continuous column. Experiments at various operating conditions of bed heights (4 cm, 6 cm, 10 cm), influent Ni(II) ion concentrations (20, 40, and 60 mg/l) and flow rates (10, 20, and 30 ml/min) were performed in order to study and optimize the performance of the fixed bed adsorber column. In this study, the maximum capacity of MABL powder was found to be 16.28 at 6 cm bed depth, influent Ni (II) concentration of 20 mg/l and flow rate of 10 ml/min. Commonly used empirical models for fixed bed adsorption kinetics, namely Adams–Bohart model, Thomas model and Yoon and Nelson kinetic models were tested to approximate and predict the behavior of the column. Based on the statistical analysis of fitting of data to these models, the Yoon-Nelson model was found to approximate the behavior of the column in these studies with R2 values in the range of 0.97–0.99. Finally, desorption studies indicated that Ni (II) loaded and regenerated biosorbent could be used even after three consecutive sorption cycles. MABL was also used to remove Ni(II) from a real wastewater in fixed bed column. The results are promising and shall serve to design the MABL based fixed bed adsorbers in order to obtain cleaner and sustainable treatment of industrial wasters containing Ni(II) ions.

Comparative MCDM Analysis for AMD Treatment Method Selection

Robule Lake, located in Eastern Serbia, near the city of Bor, is being influenced by waste materials from mining activities. For the purification of water from Robule Lake, contaminated with various metal ions (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cd, Ni, etc.), acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment methods such as: passive treatment method, sequential neutralization, ion exchange, adsorption process based on low cost adsorbents, adsorption process based on natural zeolits, electrodialysis, filtration with nanofiltration membranes, and reverse osmosis, were evaluated by the following MCDM methods: TOPSIS, VIKOR, MOOSRA, WASPAS, and CoCoSo. Criteria used for the evaluation were: efficiency in the metal ions removal and the quality of the purified water, necessity of pre-treatment and / or post-treatment of treated water, possibility of using the generated waste, capital costs, operating and maintenance costs, needed area, and sensitivity of the method. The results of the MCDM analysis showed that sequential neutralization was the most appropriate method for this wastewater, while passive treatment system and ion exchange were ranked as second and third, respectively. After the selection of AMD treatment method, neutralization tests with lime were carried out with the water sample from Robule Lake. The results of sequential neutralization testing showed that concentration of Fe ions could be lowered to 1 mg/L at pH 4. The values of Cu, Zn, and Ni ions concentration obtained at pH 7 were 0.04, 0.65, and 0.21 mg/L, respectively, while the values of Mn and Cd ions concentration of 0.01 and 0.0001 mg/L, were obtained at pH 10.

Electrorefining Process of the Non-Commercial Copper Anodes

The electrorefining process of the non-commercial Cu anodes was tested on the enlarged laboratory equipment over 72 h. Cu anodes with Ni content of 5 or 10 wt.% and total content of Pb, Sn, and Sb of about 1.5 wt.% were used for the tests. The real waste solution of sulfuric acid character was a working electrolyte of different temperatures (T1 = 63 ± 2 °C and T2 = 73 ± 2 °C). The current density of 250 A/m2 was the same as in the commercial process. Tests were confirmed that those anodes can be used in the commercial copper electrorefining process based on the fact that the elements from anodes were dissolved, the total anode passivation did not occur, and copper is deposited onto cathodes. The masses of cathode deposits confirmed that the Cu ions from the electrolyte were also deposited onto cathodes. The concentration of Cu, As, and Sb ions in the electrolyte was decreased. At the same time, the concentration of Ni ions was increased by a maximum of up to 129.27 wt.%. The major crystalline phases in the obtained anode slime, detected by the X-ray diffraction analyses, were PbSO4, Cu3As, SbAsO4, Cu2O, As2O3, PbO, SnO, and Sb2O3.

Extraction of nickel using a green emulsion liquid membrane – Process intensification, parameter optimization and artificial neural network modeling

This study investigates extraction of nickel from aqueous solution using a green emulsion liquid membrane (GELM). Waste cooking oil and Cyanex 301 showed excellent potential for extraction of nickel as diluent and extractant respectively. Process intensification was achieved through parameter screening and optimization using Plackett Barman design (PBD). Screening of the nine process parameters viz. surfactant concentration (1 - 3, v/v,%), carrier concentration (2-6, v/v,%), agitation speed (200-600, rpm), agitation time (5-15 min), pH of the feed solution (3-7), treat ratio (10-20), internal stripping agent concentration (0.25 – 0.75 M), initial Ni ion concentration (100-500 mg/L) and volume of organic to aqueous phase ratio (1-2), were conducted. Under optimal conditions, the maximum nickel that selectively transferred into the internal phase was 98.7%. The best operating optimum conditions identified were: surfactant concentration – 2.66 (v/v,%), carrier concentration – 5.2 (v/v,%), pH of the feed solution – 4.2, treat ratio – 10.0, initial Ni ion concentration – 100 mg/L. The stripping efficiency and reusability of GELM was also studied for nickel extraction. Artificial neural network (ANN) was employed to model the GELM process and the results were compared.

Thermal annealing effect on the corrosion resistance of AlCuNiTiZr high entropy alloy films in sulfuric acid solution

In this study, corrosion-resistant AlCuNiTiZr high-entropy alloy (HEA) films were deposited by direct current magnetron sputtering. The films were found to be amorphous. Corrosion resistance of the films in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution were investigated and compared with 316L stainless steel. The minimum corrosion current density of the HEA films was about one order of magnitude lower than that of 316L stainless steel. The inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectra showed that the concentrations of Cu, Ni, Ti and Zr ions in the corrosion solution were as low as 10−7 mol / L, while the concentration of Al ions was 7.5×10−6 mol / L. It is revealed that two passivation layers were formed on the surface from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and equivalent electrical circuit, and the passivation layers resulted in protective effect on the AlCuNiTiZr HEA films in the sulfuric acid solution.

Synthesis, characterization and analytical applications of Ni(II) ion-imprinted polymer prepared by N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acrylamide

In the present study, a novel Ni(II) ion-imprinted polymer (Ni(II)-IIP) was successfully synthesized by copolymerization of N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acrylamide as a functional monomer, 2,2′-Azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) as an initiator and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a cross-linker in the attendance of nickel nitrate as a template ion. The nickel ions in the Ni(II)-IIP were eliminated by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) leaching. The functional monomer, complex and the obtained polymer particles were characterized by 1H NMR, FT-IR, CHNS, FESEM and the concentration of Ni(II) ions in the solution were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS). The effects of pH, flow rate, temperature, sample concentration, sorbent particle size, desorption eluent conditions, selectivity and reusability on the extraction of Ni(II) ions were surveyed. The results of the study revealed that most favorable pH value for quantitative enrichment was 7 and maximum adsorption capacities of Ni(II) ions on the IIP was 38 mg/g. In addition, the relative standard deviation (RSD) for six separately experiments with a nickel concentration of 20.0 μg/L was 2.72% and limit of detection was found to be 0.7 μg/L.

Electronic structure and optical properties of spinel structure Zn1-xNixAl2O4 nanopowders synthesized by sol–gel method

Zn1-xNixAl2O4 (x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, and 0.10) nanoparticles with spinel structure were synthesized by sol–gel technique and the band structure of various defects in the ZnAl2O4 structure was calculated using the first-principles method. The average grain size and lattice parameters vary with doping concentration. Ni ions are successfully substituted for the lattice site of Zn2+ into the ZnAl2O4 matrix, Ni ions mainly occupy the tetrahedral sites, and the substitution of Ni introduced new energy levels. The photoluminescence spectral intensity of doped samples decreases, resulting in luminescence quenching. The bandgap decreases with the increase of Ni ion concentration, presenting a redshift.