News Platforms Research Articles

Incidence and characteristics of crocodilian incidents on humans in Brazil in the period 2000–2022

Brazil has the largest diversity of crocodilians in the world, with six species present in the country. Considered as opportunistic generalist predators, these animals occupy the top of the food chain in river ecosystems. Anthropic actions result in an impact both on habitats and on the behaviour of the crocodilians, in addition to facilitating the encounter between humans and crocodilian species. In this study, we evaluated the characteristics of alligator incidents on humans in Brazil during the years 2000–2022. We used online platforms for scientific articles and news, collecting information about the victims, the species involved, and the locality of occurrence. We found 86 records of incidents, of which 18 resulted in the victim's death. The Amazon biome encompass the highest number of incidents, and the black caiman Melanosuchus niger was the species involved most. Most incidents (n = 35) occurred with people who were fishing or on boats. Considering the size of the country's population, alligator incidents on humans in Brazil can be considered rare, but they should not be overlooked. The advancement of activities that degrade the environment, causing imbalances, can cause an increase in the likelihood of encounters and, consequently, incidents, which usually generates critical medical problems and negative consequences for the populations of these animals. Keywords: Alligator, attack, bite, Caiman, Melanosuchus

TRANSFORMATION OF HEALTH TERMINOLOGY THROUGH DERIVATIONAL AFFIXATION IN CNN ONLINE NEWS

Derivational affixation is a linguistic process that involves the creation of new words by adding prefixes, suffixes, or infixes to existing words. These affixes can modify the word's part of speech, alter its meaning, or both. The present study had the objective of identifying various types of derivational affixes and examining the morphological transformations they bring about in health-related terms within CNN's online news platform. Employing qualitative research methods informed by Katamba's theoretical framework (2005), the investigation utilized a dataset sourced from the news website https://edition.cnn.com/. The dataset encompassed 30 health-related news articles spanning topics such as COVID-19, mental health, food, beauty, sleep, and pregnancy. Based on data analysis from 30 health news, there were 13 words containing derivational prefixes and 64 words containing derivational suffixes. The words in derivational prefix did not change the part of speech but changed the meaning. In derivational suffixes, there are 7 types of changes that change word from verb to noun (23 words), adjective to noun (14 words), noun to noun (10 words), noun to adjective (7 words), adjective to adverb (5 words), verb to adjective (4 words), and the last noun to verb (1 word). From the findings, it can be concluded that the addition of affixes to words explains the function of sentence structure. Derivational suffixes are found the most because they have many interactions of forms, meanings, and functions. Keywords: derivational affix, health, prefix, suffix, news

Analyze News Effect on Trend Stock Price in Indonesia Based on Bidirectional-Long Short Term Memory

News platforms such as BBC, UN News, and CNN are news sites that are very global, both globally and nationally. With this site, someone can find information in other countries or their country. The news contained on the BBC website can be analyzed using sentiment analysis. Sentiment analysis is carried out to see whether the news tends to be positive, negative, or neutral so that researchers or institutions can find out how the response of the news is to other sectors such as stocks in Indonesia. With the IDX website as a list of company shares in Indonesia, sentiment analysis can be carried out on news on the BBC website that can affect the rise or fall of stock prices in Indonesia using a combination of Word2Vec and the Bidirectional- Long Short Term Memory (BiLSTM) method. The BiLSTM method is an algorithm that has a function to process text data to predict the value of stock price trends by utilizing Word2Vec for word embedding of news. In this study, the dataset used is international news on the BBC website and historical stock prices of several companies on the IDX website. This study utilizes both methods to be able to predict stock price trends. By using 15.674 data, this study shows that the BiLSTM method has an average accuracy rate of 80.03%.

Regulating dependency: The political stakes of online platforms’ deals with French publishers

At a time when the news industry is struggling to cope with the dominance of the advertising market by large platforms, along with recent crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, commercial deals and regulatory initiatives are becoming increasingly common. While there is ample space for regulatory interventions seeking to level the playing field between news industry stakeholders and platforms, we are concerned these might further cement the dependency of the former on the latter through co-regulatory frameworks that epitomize the capture of vital infrastructures by platforms. This article examines the three-year negotiation of French news publishers with Google and Meta, which concluded with four framework agreements being signed. For our analysis, we first look at the historical trajectory of how these deals were made possible, using secondary sources such as leaks, press releases and the French Competition Authority’s rulings; we then discuss their details and implications. We trace Google’s attempt to capture news media in France and discuss the asymmetrical power it has exercised over the news industry, and how the subsequent deals with Meta were affected. Finally, our case study shows that these frameworks are not sufficient to tackle systemic imbalances – despite their good intentions – because they fail to challenge the concentration of power by a handful of oligopolistic private companies and, thus, effectively leave it up to them and the free market’s idiosyncrasies to decide how they are implemented.

The Impact of Social Media Use for News on Academic Performance in Underrepresented Undergraduate College Students.

Researchers have demonstrated that the relationship between social media use (SMU) and academic performance is mixed. This study extends those findings by examining how SMU for news predicts grade point average (GPA) for Hispanic, Black/African American, and White college students while controlling for gender. Students (N = 378) completed surveys where they reported how many times per week they used various social media platforms for news, whether or not they used those platforms to consume certain types of news, and demographic information. For Hispanic students, results indicated that using YouTube for entertainment news predicted lower GPAs, whereas using YouTube for news predicted higher GPAs. Black/African American students' use of Facebook for news predicted lower GPAs. SMU for news for White students did not predict GPA. Findings indicate that race/ethnicity should be considered when examining the relationship between SMU and academic performance and that minority students' GPAs are affected by their use of social media for news.

How Media Stories in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Discussed the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Modified Risk Tobacco Product Order for IQOS.

In 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration authorized the marketing of IQOS as a modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) with reduced exposure information (reduces exposure to harmful chemicals compared to cigarettes) but prohibited Philip Morris International from making reduced risk claims (reduces risk of disease compared to cigarettes). We aimed to assess how news media in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) discussed this authorization and whether articles discussed IQOS as a reduced exposure versus reduced risk product. News articles published between July 7, 2020 and January 7, 2021 were obtained by searching Tobacco Watcher (www.tobaccowatcher.org), a surveillance platform for tobacco-related news. Articles were eligible if they were published in an LMIC and mentioned the IQOS MRTP order. Non-English language articles were professionally translated. Articles were double coded to identify country of origin, reduced risk and reduced exposure language, discussions of potential impacts of the authorization on regulations in LMICs, and quotes from tobacco industry and public health stakeholders. We identified 50 eligible articles published in 20 LMICs. Twenty-six (52%) and 40 (80%) included reduced risk and reduced exposure language, respectively. Twenty-two (44%) discussed potential impacts of the MRTP order on regulations in LMICs. Thirty (60%) included quotes from tobacco industry representatives, 6 (12%) included quotes from public health or medical professionals, and 2 (4%) included both. News articles in LMICs frequently misreported the MRTP order by using reduced risk language. The authorization is potentially being used to shape perspectives on tobacco regulations in LMICs. Tobacco control experts need to more frequently share their perspectives with the news media. News articles from LMICs frequently misrepresented the IQOS MRTP order by using reduced risk language (reduces harm compared to cigarettes) rather than only using reduced exposure language (reduces exposure to harmful chemicals compared to cigarettes). Many articles referred to IQOS as a "better alternative" to cigarettes without specifically referencing reduced risk. Few articles included perspectives from public health or medical professionals, while most included tobacco industry quotes, suggesting that tobacco control experts need to more frequently engage with the news media. These findings also highlight how the U.S. FDA's actions can potentially shape perspectives on tobacco product regulations in LMICs.

A history of digital environmental journalism at the BBC and the Guardian

Environmental and climate journalism is complex, data-heavy, and amenable to visualisation. The environmental beat was therefore well placed to take advantage of the affordances of emerging digital platforms for news from the late 1990s. This article presents a history of digital environmental journalism at two international and digitally innovative media organisations (the BBC and the Guardian), taking an affordances approach. It argues that the beat can be understood as having four distinct but overlapping phases: an initial phase in which journalists availed of the limitless carrying capacity of digital media; a second phase which maximised the use of blogs and user comments; a third, experimental phase involving digital video and online campaigns; and a fourth, mature phase in which both organisations became more strategic in their digital offerings.

Social informedness and investor sentiment in the GameStop short squeeze.

We examine investor behavior on social media platforms related to the GameStop (GME) short squeeze in early 2021. Individual investors stimulated the stock market via Reddit social posts in the presence of institutional investors who bet against GME's success as short sellers. We analyzed r/WallStreetBets subreddit posts related to GME's trading patterns. We performed text-based sentiment analysis and compared the social informedness of posting users for GME trading on two social media platforms. The short squeeze occurred due to coordinated trading by individual investors, who discussed trading strategies on the platforms and drove collective social informedness-based trading behavior. Our findings suggest that the valence and number of submissions influenced GME's intraday transaction volumes and precursors for irrational trading behavior patterns to have emerged. We provide a theoretical interpretation of what occurred and call for tighter monitoring of social news platforms. We also encourage effort to create an in-depth understanding of the observed patterns and the linkages between them and the larger equity markets.

Everyday non-partisan fake news: Sharing behavior, platform specificity, and detection.

Concern over the impact of fake news on major socio-political events is growing. The use of deliberate misinformation is thought to have played a role in the outcome of the UK EU referendum, the 2016 US presidential election, and in the effectiveness of COVID-19 public health messaging. As a result, recent research has tended to focus on hyper-partisan (e.g., US politics; Democrat/Republican), person specific (e.g., Hillary Clinton/Donald Trump) content that incorporates emotive and hyperbolic language. However, in this study, we focus on an alternative form of fake news, across a variety of topics (e.g., Crime, Immigration, and Health), that avoids these characteristics, and which may therefore be more pervasive and difficult to detect. In a three-part study, we examined participants sharing intentions for fake news (including platform preference; Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and WhatsApp), their ability to explicitly detect fake news, and whether individual differences on psychological measures of critical thinking ability, rational thinking, and emotional stability predict sharing behavior and detection ability. The results show that even our well-informed sample (political science students) were not immune to the effects of fake news, some issues (e.g., health and crime) were more likely to be shared than others (e.g., immigration), and on specific platforms (e.g., Twitter, Facebook). In addition, we show that individual differences in emotional stability appears to be a key factor in sharing behavior, while rational thinking aptitude was key to fake news detection. Taken together, this study provides novel data that can be used to support targeted fake news interventions, suggesting possible news topic, sharing behavior, and platform specific insights. Such interventions, and implications for government policy, education, and social media companies are discussed.

The Role of Digital Journalism in Framing the Issue of Child Marriage in Jordan

There is a dearth of academic studies focusing on the role of mass communication in combating issues related to child marriage. The present study examines the role of the Alrai news website in framing the news about early marriages in Jordan in terms of providing information that contributes to raising awareness of this issue and identifying the motives that prompted the Jordanian legislation to allow marriage for those under 18 years of age. The study examines whether child marriage causes an increase in the rate of psychological and physical abuse of girls while tracking the causes of the prevalence of child marriage in Jordan. It also monitors the role of news platforms in covering the contributions of human rights activists in providing solutions and suggestions to limit the spread of this issue and empower girls to overcome the consequences of marriage at an early age. A descriptive approach using quantitative content analysis was adopted to examine the press’s role in framing the issue of child marriage in 2019, 2020, and 2021. The results of the frame analysis for Al-Rai news website showed that victims of child marriage are exposed to physical and psychological violence, deprivation of education, early divorce, unplanned pregnancy, restricting girls’ freedom of choice, employment, and economic empowerment. This shows the position of the Al-Rai newspaper website towards the issue of child marriage, focusing on the multiplicity of negative effects of this type of marriage and reducing the focus on the negative effects of it. Moreover, the reasons for the enactment of the Jordanian legislation stating the legal age for marriage to be 15 years were found to be obscure.

Blame the Internet, Not Online News Aggregators

“Facebook is not compatible with democracy,” declared Representative David Cicilline (D-R.I.) on Twitter. One might think that the Congressman was announcing the results of an investigation into the 2016 election when making that claim. Not so—the Congressman’s tweet was a reaction to Facebook’s decision to halt the sharing of news on its platform in Australia. According to Representative Cicilline, Facebook’s decision to forego carrying news links on its website to avoid paying a new tax to publishers was the equivalent of “bring[ing] an entire country to its knees.” Really?
 Australia’s link tax is one of many recent policy proposals that places online news aggregators such as Facebook in their crosshairs. In the quest to take on “Big Tech,” legislators and regulators have armed themselves with privacy law, antitrust law, copyright law, and, in a few states, even the Constitution. Moves to reduce the influence of technology platforms on the news require us to take a step back and consider whether we have accurately identified the causes of the challenges faced by the news media. Absent a clear-eyed understanding of the forces at play, any so-called solutions will surely miss the mark.
 This essay argues that is exactly what is happening. The real problem for news publishers is the internet itself, not online news aggregation. If anything, online news aggregation is a force that works in favor of news publishers by driving traffic to them that they can monetize through advertising, subscriptions, or both. Once that is understood, it becomes clear that current policy proposals that intend to force online aggregators to pay publishers to link to their content fail to grasp the economic relationship between news aggregators and news platforms and are ultimately counterproductive.

Understanding the Effects of Personalized Recommender Systems on Political News Perceptions: A Comparison of Content-Based, Collaborative, and Editorial Choice-Based News Recommender System

ABSTRACT With the increasing implementation of algorithms across various news platforms, understanding news consumers’ subjective perceptions of algorithmic-based news recommender systems has become critical. A between-subjects experiment (News Recommender System type: content-based filtering vs. collaborative filtering vs. human editorial choice-based recommender system) with 161 participants revealed that participants tended to trust the collaborative filtering system and perceive news recommended by the system to be more credible and less biased compared to editorial choices-based or content-based recommender systems – due to the triggering of the homophily heuristic – even though the three systems recommended the same set of news. Implications were discussed.

Changes in Keywords Related to Housing Stress Before and After COVID-19 Using Big Data Analysis - Focusing on newspaper articles during 2018~2022 -

The purpose of this study was to explore keyword changes related to housing stress before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 using big data analysis methodology. Newspaper articles for 4 years before and after COVID-19 were collected in relation to housing stress from Naver News platform, and 27,898 keywords were extracted. The collected data was refined using R4.2.2 program and analyzed using vocabulary usage frequency analysis, Odd ratio analysis, Phi analysis, Semantic Network Analysis, and Topic Modeling. Major findings are as follows. 1) After COVID-19, the frequency of occurrence of the keyword ‘residential environment’ was the highest, and ‘housing complex’ was the most important keyword in the semantic network results. 2) The keyword ‘bathroom’ was very highly appeared after COVID-19, reflecting the increased interest in hygiene, health, and safety. 3) As remote education, telecommuting, and care within a dwelling have expanded due to COVID-19, the need for more space and flexible housing planning to accommodate them has been highlighted. 4) While COVID-19 has made daily life more difficult for the vulnerable, it has been confirmed that single-parent households were particularly stressed about housing. 5) The housing stress of young people continued to be at a high level before and after COVID-19. 6) It was confirmed that the increase in housing cost was the main factor causing housing stress.

P080 Print and online news representations of osteoporosis and its treatment in the UK: a framing analysis

Abstract Background/Aims Osteoporosis is a common condition which weakens bones, meaning bones can break easily. Breaking a bone may be a painful experience with significant physical, psychological, and social impact. Experts have recently proposed the “osteoporosis crisis” meaning those at risk are not being identified and for those who are, treatment uptake remains low. It is unclear what is driving the crisis. One influence may be news media, as news can impact on health beliefs and behaviours. This study aimed to investigate how osteoporosis and its treatment are represented in UK print and online news. Methods First, to explore the amount of newspaper coverage of osteoporosis compared to other long-term conditions (LTCs), a ProQuest search of twelve highly circulated newspapers between the 1st of October 2019 and the 30th of September 2020 was conducted, using the keyword “osteoporosis” and keywords relating to eight other LTCs. Next, the search on articles relating to osteoporosis was extended by using the search function on each newspaper’s website. The articles containing the keyword “osteoporosis” were subject to an inductive framing analysis. Analysis involved identifying dominant frames and components within them including problem definition, causal attribution, moral evaluation, and treatment recommendation. Results From the ProQuest comparison search, fewer articles were published containing the keyword “osteoporosis” (n = 148) compared to any of the other LTCs (“rheumatoid arthritis” (n = 194) to “cancer” (n = 9,644)). A total of 218 articles from ProQuest and online news platforms were identified for the framing analysis. Three dominant frames were present: Biomedical (n = 53 articles), Lifestyle (n = 47 articles) and Human-Interest (n = 118 articles). Osteoporosis was presented as a problem of menopause and ageing across all frames. The cause was attributed to either an imbalance in bone turnover (biomedical), poor diet and inactivity (lifestyle) and often disordered eating and menopause (human-interest). Moral evaluations of osteoporosis included descriptions of osteoporosis as a serious condition (biomedical), women were often described as vulnerable (lifestyle), and people with the condition were described as disabled, elderly and suffering (human-interest). Treatment recommendations highlighted pharmacological treatment (biomedical), or prevention through lifestyle choices (lifestyle). Human-interest stories included celebrity perspectives which were characterised by wealthy, glamorous and royal individuals and events, and lay stories which presented shocking or unusual cases and described those with the condition as victims and sufferers. Conclusion This study found that osteoporosis receives little media attention compared to other LTCs. There was little overlap between biomedical, and lifestyle components which reinforce osteoporosis as either a serious condition requiring medical intervention or as a self-inflicted condition controllable through individual actions. Human-interest stories highlighted pain and suffering of those afflicted. Results will inform focus groups exploring audience perceptions of media about osteoporosis and contribute to recommendations for reporting osteoporosis in the media. Disclosure R. Turner: None. C. Jinks: Grants/research support; CJ is part funded by the NIHR Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) West Midlands. S. Holohan: None. Z. Paskins: Grants/research support; ZP is funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) (Clinician Scientist Award (CS-2018-18-ST2- 010)/NIHR Academy).

Morphosemantic Study Of Compound Words In The New York Times Articles

The New York Times is USA’s most popular digital news platform which can be accessed easier by people around the world. Due to many new words that can be combined to become compound words, it is interesting to see the compound words that are applied on the New York Times website. This study looked at the different the types and meanings of compound words used in the New York Times articles. The study describes the types of compound words with the theory proposed by Katamba (1993). Then, to analyze the meanings of compound words, the theory by Palmer (1991) was used. To achieve the objectives, descriptive qualitative methods were used in the study. The data were taken from the New York Times website. In collecting data, the documentation method with note-taking techniques was applied. From 58 data collected, the results showed that compound nouns become the most common types of compound words used in the articles with 33 compound words, followed by compound verbs with 13 compound words, and compound adjectives with 12 compound words. Referring to the meaning of compound words, there are 34 compound words with opaque meanings and 24 compound words with transparent meanings.

Enhancing social capital and reciprocity through community news media during COVID-19: a study of video volunteers

PurposeThis article attempts to highlight the defining role that community media engagements play during times of the pandemic. It is argued that the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic forced community news media houses to reinvent their news reporting practices to cover issues pertaining to the marginalized and underprivileged sections of the society. It explores the role of community media in engaging and empowering the citizens during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachCentral to our study is the analysis of the news model of “Video Volunteers” (henceforth VV), an independent community-based online news platform based in India. To understand the level of citizen participation and engagement in the making and dissemination of news during the pandemic, the authors conducted 13 interviews with different stakeholders of VV, including founders and news audiences.FindingsIt seeks to reveal that when the mainstream media have failed to represent the issues of a local community, it is the independent media platforms like VV which function as a veritable source of information and sharing of knowledge. Most importantly, this paper emphasizes that the communicative model of independent community-based online platforms has been most successful in the coverage of the pandemic and the level of engagement with the citizenry.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the aspects of reciprocity and collaborative journalism in community news media and its potential impacts on news creation and dissemination.

Narrative Graph: Telling Evolving Stories Based on Event-centric Temporal Knowledge Graph.

As the main channel for people to obtain information and express their opinions, online media generate a huge amount of unstructured news documents every day and make it difficult for people to perceive major societal events and grasp the evolution of events. Previous studies on storyline generation are generally based on document clustering without considering event arguments and relations between events. Event-centric knowledge graph has been used to facilitate the construction of news documents to form structured event representation. Although some studies have attempted to construct timelines based on event-centric knowledge graphs, it is difficult for timelines to depict the complex structures of event evolution. In this paper, we try to represent news documents as an event-centric knowledge graph, and compress the whole knowledge graph into salient complex events in temporal order to generate storylines named narrative graph. We first collect news documents from news platforms, construct an event ontology, and build an event-centric knowledge graph with temporal relations. Graph neural network is used to detect events, while BERT fine-tuning is leveraged to identify temporal relations between events. Then, a novel generation framework of narrative graph with constraints of coherence and coverage is proposed. In addition, a case study is implemented to demonstrate how to utilize narrative graph to analyze real-world event. The experiment results show that our approach significantly outperforms the baseline approaches.

The Perceptions of Iraqi Internally Displaced Persons of Social Media Use during War and Conflict

The expansion of social media platforms’ uses through mobile devices to obtain news and information in wars and conflicts is pertinent among refugees and even internally displaced persons (IDPs). A few studies have examined how different social media platforms have enabled users to send and get their news and information about their situation. Explained by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Uses and Gratifications theory, this study examines the impressions of how and why Iraqi IDP respondents use social media platforms, their perceptions, and their adoption of social media platforms in the times of war and conflict especially during the ISIS operations, for communication, information seeking, social interaction and its perceived usefulness regarding continuous usage behavioral intention. A sample of 288 Iraqi IDPs in four large camps in Iraq participated in this research. The findings revealed that most IDP respondents use and adopt various media platforms (traditional and new) for news and information. They, not surprisingly, mostly used their mobile devices to send and get such news and information. Such devices and platforms were very important in enabling them to get in touch with their loved ones, friends and relatives and communicate and socialize with others. These devices, once connected to the Internet, were also important as a tool in seeking information e.g., knowing what assistance is being provided. Keywords: Social media sites, Refugee crisis, internally displaced persons, mobile devices, Iraq war and conflict.

News snacking and political learning: changing opportunity structures of digital platform news use and political knowledge

ABSTRACT The increasing prevalence of news snacking – that is, the brief, intermittent attendance to news in mainly digital and mobile media contexts – has been discussed as a problematic behavior potentially leading to a less informed public. Empirical research, however, that investigates the relationship between news snacking and political knowledge is sparse. Against the background of changed opportunity structures in increasingly digital and mobile media environments, this study investigates how news snacking relates to the breadth and depth of political knowledge in society. Based on an online survey of the German population (N = 558), we examine how snacking news affects political event and background knowledge gains using different digital news platforms. Results show that users who exhibit high levels of news snacking learn substantially less from news use across different types of digital platforms.

Does News Platform Matter? Comparing Online Journalistic Role Performance to Newspaper, Radio, and Television

The shifting role of journalism in a digital age has affected long-standing journalistic norms across media platforms. This has reinvigorated discussion on how work in online newsrooms compares to other platforms that differ in media affordances and forms. Still, more studies are needed on whether those differences translate into distinct practices, especially when examining cross-national studies. Based on the second wave of the Journalistic Role Performance (JRP) project, this article reports the findings of a content analysis of 148,474 stories produced by 365 media organizations from 37 countries, comparing the performance of journalistic roles in online newsrooms to three other types of media—TV, radio, and print. The paper analyzes if journalistic roles present themselves differently across platforms, and if these differences are constant or they vary across countries. Results show that there are measurable differences in role performance in online journalism compared to other platforms. Platform had a significant impact, particularly in terms of service and infotainment orientation, while the implementation of roles oriented toward public service was more similar. Additionally, country differences in the relationship between role performance and platforms mainly emerged for roles that enable political influence on news coverage, with differences in the relationship between online vs. traditional platforms appearing to be distinct features of the specific political system.