How Media Stories in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Discussed the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Modified Risk Tobacco Product Order for IQOS.

Abstract

In 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration authorized the marketing of IQOS as a modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) with reduced exposure information (reduces exposure to harmful chemicals compared to cigarettes) but prohibited Philip Morris International from making reduced risk claims (reduces risk of disease compared to cigarettes). We aimed to assess how news media in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) discussed this authorization and whether articles discussed IQOS as a reduced exposure versus reduced risk product. News articles published between July 7, 2020 and January 7, 2021 were obtained by searching Tobacco Watcher (www.tobaccowatcher.org), a surveillance platform for tobacco-related news. Articles were eligible if they were published in an LMIC and mentioned the IQOS MRTP order. Non-English language articles were professionally translated. Articles were double coded to identify country of origin, reduced risk and reduced exposure language, discussions of potential impacts of the authorization on regulations in LMICs, and quotes from tobacco industry and public health stakeholders. We identified 50 eligible articles published in 20 LMICs. Twenty-six (52%) and 40 (80%) included reduced risk and reduced exposure language, respectively. Twenty-two (44%) discussed potential impacts of the MRTP order on regulations in LMICs. Thirty (60%) included quotes from tobacco industry representatives, 6 (12%) included quotes from public health or medical professionals, and 2 (4%) included both. News articles in LMICs frequently misreported the MRTP order by using reduced risk language. The authorization is potentially being used to shape perspectives on tobacco regulations in LMICs. Tobacco control experts need to more frequently share their perspectives with the news media. News articles from LMICs frequently misrepresented the IQOS MRTP order by using reduced risk language (reduces harm compared to cigarettes) rather than only using reduced exposure language (reduces exposure to harmful chemicals compared to cigarettes). Many articles referred to IQOS as a "better alternative" to cigarettes without specifically referencing reduced risk. Few articles included perspectives from public health or medical professionals, while most included tobacco industry quotes, suggesting that tobacco control experts need to more frequently engage with the news media. These findings also highlight how the U.S. FDA's actions can potentially shape perspectives on tobacco product regulations in LMICs.