Photojournalism Research Articles

Reframing (inner) terror: A digital discourse-based approach to evidential repositioning of reader reactions towards visual reframing

The present article claims that the British public opinion’s repositioning towards inner terror after the 2017 Westminster attacks was (i) affected by the visual reframing of an original viral press photograph of the attacks targeting a Muslim passerby as an inner terrorist and (ii) linguistically expressed through the use of ‘look’ object-oriented visual markers of evidentiality in written digital discourse. To support this claim, British readers’ commentaries on a selection of online opinion articles reframing inner terror into terror through the use of reframed press photographs will be taken as the corpus of analysis. The ultimate aim of the article is to unveil the British readers’ reactions to the reframed photographs of the attacks as linguistically expressed through their use of ‘look’ object-oriented repositioning strategies of visual evidentiality in order to analyse the repositioning process.

Broken Bridges and Breathless Images: Circulating Wirephotos in Midcentury America

This article examines the association between Wirephotos – the brand name that became a generic term for news photographs sent by telegraph, telephone or radio, also sometimes described as radiophotos – and objectivity. It suggests that many wirephotos functioned by making visible not places or events, but the drama of communication, understood as the challenging process of articulating messages across space and time. The article also considers Edward Steichen’s use of Associated Press photographer Max Desfor’s wirephotos in the exhibition Korea – The Impact of War, at the Museum of Modern Art in New York in 1951. It thinks through Steichen’s use of the metaphor of ‘bridging’ to describe the work of press photography and asks what it can tell us about photographic circulation and communication, particularly in mid-twentieth-century USA. By playing on the repertoire of meanings associated with bridges, Desfor’s Flight of Refugees Across Wrecked Bridge in Korea can be read as reflecting on its own medium’s limitations. As it circulated and recirculated in different formats, Desfor’s bridge photograph dramatised communication’s difficulty, and the always-present potential of failure in press photography’s effort to bridge distance.

Visual Framing of Political Candidates: Case Study of the 2014 Turkish Presidential Election Campaign

In the context of political communication, political campaigns are the periods when political bias in the news media comes to light. This is reflected in news photos and other visual contents as well as newspaper texts. Visual framing, a newer area in framing theory and research, helps us understand how media frames visual images of political candidates. This paper analyzes the photographs of the presidential candidates in the 2014 Turkish presidential election campaign by using the visual framing analysis method. The data for this study comprises photographs from ten daily national newspapers belonging to different media groups representative of the Turkish press. The results reveal the intensity of visual framing bias related to political bias and polarization in the Turkish press.

الأطر المرئية للأحداث الإرهابية فى الصحف الإلکترونية المصرية

يهدف هذا البحث إلى تحليل و رصد التغطية المصورة للإرهاب وأحداثه بالصحف الإلکترونية المصرية من خلال تحليل مجموعة الصور الرقمية الثابتة التى نشرتها الصحف خلال فترة البحث ، و التعرف على الأطر التي استخدمتها تلک الصحف فى نشر الصور، وأسلوب عرضها و معالجتها لتلک الصور The study aims to analyze and monitor the photo coverage of terrorism and its events in the Egyptian electronic newspapers by analyzing the set of digital fixed photos published by newspapers during the research period, and to identify the visual frames that these newspapers used with photos. The study also analyzes the presentation and treatment of these photos. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which are: There is a disparity between the newspapers with regard to the interest in publishing photos, so, the Seventh Day newspaper was ranked first with 85.6%, followed by Akhbar Al-Youm newspaper with 21.4%, then Al-wafd newspaper in the last place a newspaper with 19.8%. With regard to photos locations accompanying the text, the locations varied with respect to the text in the newspapers. Photos placed below the text were ranked first with 43.3%, followed by pictures on the top of the text by 42.4%, then the photos in the middle of the text were ranked by 14.2%. There are many types of photos in newspapers sample; news photos came first, followed by photos of topics, then humanized photos then personal photos, finally, infograph photos come in a small percentage. The frames included in the photos varied in the electronic newspapers sample, and that a single photo may included more than one frame. We found that the security/legal frame was ranked first, followed by the technical frame, then the support frame in the third rank, followed by the loss frame in the fourth rank, then the frame of human interest, then came in the sixth rank the conspiracy frame, and finally the historical context frame in the seventh rank.

НОВИНАРНА ФОТОГРАФІЯ У СУЧАСНІЙ ЖУРНАЛІСТИЦІ: ВИДИ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ

The article is about the fact that in modern mass-media photos more and more often become not only a visual background to informative, analytical or journalistic text, but as headlines attract attention of audience. Such kind of approach increases quality requirements of illustrative material in modern periodicals because popularity of texts which are published in newspapers and magazines depends on that. Some separate photos might become a kind of visual factage which does not need any verbal explanation. A lot of attention is paid to the role, purpose and features of photos for news as a genre of modern photojournalism. A short review of sources of research issues is made in the article. The author has considered the main definitions and features of news photography as one of the main informative genres of modern pictural journalism. It is accented on the fact that modern photojournalists have to orientate not only in genres of photojournalism but also to be able to use them in everyday practice. Here you can find views of photojournalism theorists on the condition of news photography. In the article are given recommendations of photojournalists practitioners and workers of information agencies on the main requirements of producing photos in this genre. In the article process of producing news photos and their use in modern periodical publications are considered. The author emphasizes on the quality of such pictures and their place in visual accompaniment of informative text. In the summary are given recommendations on preparation of photojournalists who are going to work in the genre of news photography.

A tények megjelenítése a fotográfia médiuma segítségével – megrendezett és manipulált képek

"In the history of photography, we come across many staged and manipulated photographs. Most of these are press photos that would be intended to show as accurately as possible the recording of an event, for those who could not be there and only learn about everything that happened based on the image. The most important requirement of press ethics forums for press photos is to be as objective as possible in presenting the event. The photographer may not use any intentional image modification or manipulation to take the image. After it became clear that many of the images, we were dealing with are staged or manipulated photos, despite a lot of controversies, the reputation of the images was slightly tarnished, making the image incidental to questions about the documentary value. The photograph has become a symbol, the symbols have their own truth, believes Hans-Michael Koetzle. These cases prove that even in the case of many iconic works or photographs, the image becomes so symbolic that it adds to the background, background history and behind-the-scenes of the making of the images. They are unable to deduct anything in retrospect from the value of the work. I consider it important to examine the changes brought about by the digital revolution, both in the field of photography and in the way a press photographer works. The fundamental difference between analogue and digital images stems from the fact that although it is possible to manipulate analogue photos, we rarely encounter this, while in the case of digital images, image manipulation is the default."

Imágenes del Otro en la prensa vasca digital. El caso de la cobertura mediática de los Barómetros realizados por Ikuspegi en 2017 y 2018 sobre percepciones ante la inmigración

El presente artículo analiza el papel de la fotografía de prensa como vehículo para construir la alteridad, es decir, la figura del Otro. Nos centraremos en las informaciones relacionadas con los Barómetros de 2017 y 2018 de Ikuspegi – Observatorio Vasco de Inmigración para comprobar, utilizando la técnica del análisis textual y basándonos en la teoría del framing, cómo algunos de los estereotipos presentes en la sociedad respecto a la población inmigrante se reproducen visualmente en las imágenes de la prensa vasca digital.

A pilot study examining the impact of collaborative mind mapping strategy in a flipped classroom: learning achievement, self-efficacy, motivation, and students’ acceptance

Appropriate collaborative learning support is necessary for group learning in a flipped classroom setting, especially in the out-of-class learning phase. This study involved a collaborative mind mapping strategy to engage learners in group activities in the flipped classroom setting. A pilot experiment was conducted to examine the effect of such a strategy on students’ learning achievement, self-efficacy, motivation, and acceptance of mind mapping in a news photography course. Specifically, this study compared the effects of two mind mapping strategies (collaborative vs. individual) combined with instructional methods (flipped classroom vs. conventional) on students’ learning outcomes. A 2 × 2 mixed-factorial experiment design was used, with the mind mapping strategies as the within-subjects factors and the instructional methods as the between-subjects factors. Ninety-two sophomores enrolled in this course were randomly assigned to either flipped classroom or conventional lecturing. Both method groups used collaborative and individual mind mapping. Results revealed that the combination of a collaborative mind mapping strategy and a flipped classroom significantly improved students’ learning achievement and self-efficacy. In addition, flipped classroom students had a more positive attitude toward accepting and using collaborative mind mapping than those in the individual mind mapping condition. These implications provided instructional designers guidance to apply collaborative mind mapping into a flipped classroom and suggested that designers should focus on improving students’ motivation by integrating other strategies.

Visualization of disability in news photographs: an analytical framework

This article proposes a framework for analyzing visual discourses of disability in press photographs: the Visual Discourses of Disability (ViDD) framework. The development of this framework is based on an analysis of 670 news photographs of disability published in a Malaysian English-language mainstream newspaper. Within the ViDD, the authors propose the notion of perspectivization of disability: how elements in a photo are configured to frame the perspective of disability. These configurations can be placed on a cline, from perspectivizing to personizing. In addition, the cumulative attitudinal meanings in a news image can be placed on another cline, from enabling to disabling. The ViDD framework combines both clines to understand and explain how news photographs construe disability. This framework can serve as a tool for making informed choices in selecting and publishing images of people with a disability, and of disability.

Construction of Indonesian Muslim Identity in Photo News in National Newspaper in Medan City

The presence of news photos that appear in print media plays a role in providing strong and accurate information that can contribute creativity and ideas, able to communicate messages through information channels to a mass audience. The research method used in this study is qualitatively descriptive with Roland Barthes's semiotic approach. The results of this study suggest that the news of ramadan and homecoming photos that take place once a year is able to create the meaning of social construction of Indonesian Muslim identity simultaneously a full month brings a positive message through the delivery of messages of kindness at routine activities carried out by Muslims in Indonesia. The marking of denotations, connotations and myths of its nature is everywhere the news of ramadan and homecoming events has become a part of the daily life culture of Indonesian Muslims so that through the structure of meaning that is included in the news photos peritiwa Ramadhan and Mudik has become guidelines and guidance for people in obtaining information on the meaning of the sign of the information needed and desired after publicity became the headline of the National Newspaper in Medan, among others, The Analisa Newspaper and Waspada Newspaper.

Qualidade e Hábitos de Sono de Taxistas

Introdução: o sono é um mecanismo fisiológico controlado pelo ciclo circadiano que tem como relógio biológico o fotoperiodismo. No entanto, quando sofre interferências pela necessidade humana de estender longas jornadas de trabalho como as de taxistas, há o encurtamento e piora na qualidade do sono. Objetivo: O objetivo deste presente trabalho era estratificar o perfil sociodemográfico dos taxistas e correlacionar com a qualidade de sono. Método: foi realizada a aplicação de questionário com os dados sociodemográficos e PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). Resultados: dos 78 entrevistados, em sua maioria masculina consumiam a substância estimulante café, o que reduz o sono, no entanto não apresentou significância na redução de sua qualidade. Discussão: não foi encontrada qualquer variável com resultado estatístico significativo comparando perfil sociodemográfico, hábitos e piora na qualidade do sono. Conclusão: não houve correlação entre variável perfil sociodemográfico e a má qualidade do sono de taxistas.

Warning sign: Building a sensitive content filter for historical news photography

The John C. Wyatt Lexington Herald-Leader Photographs Collection contains historical photographic images documenting 20th-century Lexington, Kentucky. The collection is housed at the University of Kentucky Libraries Special Collections Research Center. To provide access to the collection, a digital library was designed and built using the Omeka open source web publishing platform. The digital library contains both published and unpublished news photography, including some content considered potentially sensitive, such as crime scene documentation and automobile accidents. This paper describes the collection, discusses the roles of sensitive content filters for online access, and the creation, from the technical and user experience viewpoints, of a custom sensitive content filter at the University of Kentucky Libraries Special Collection Research Center.

Implementasi Etika Foto Jurnalistik Berita Hukum dan Kriminal pada Media Jambiupdate.co

This research is motivated by the problem of photojournalism that is not in accordance with the rules contained in the Journalistic Code of Ethics. The aim of this research is to find out how the Code of Ethics is applied to the Legal and Criminal News Photo in Jambiupdate.co itself. The research method used is qualitative with data analysis using Charles Sanders Peirce semiotics. The results of the study show that in general there are journalists who are not in accordance with the Code of Ethics. Likewise with the Journalistic Code of Ethics which regulates the ethics of journalists and the media in broadcasting photos in a news story. Jambiupdate.co online media, like other online media, will certainly try to apply the Photojournalism Code of Ethics in every news story, but the implementation is certainly not as easy as expected, because it is the principle of news speed which sometimes does not pay attention to the Code of Ethics itself and the lack of communication between journalists in the field. with the editorial team. In addition, violations of the photojournalism code of ethics are negligence or forgetting to blur photos that contain sadistic elements and the victim or perpetrator is a woman and a minor who is protected by the photojournalism code of ethics law.

Visualizing climate change: an exploratory study of the effectiveness of artistic information visualizations

Artists creatively use scientific data in artistic information visualizations (AIVs) to address climate change. Yet, it is unclear how effective they are in making viewers consider climate change as important. To assess their reception, this research studies and compares AIVs in relation to four additional visual forms, which are common in the communication of climate change (information visualizations, news photos, digital art visuals and cartoons). Qualitative research consisting of a short survey, q-sort and semi-structured interviews was employed. Some AIVs were judged clearer and more agreed with than other AIVs, suggesting that a less abstract AIV style might be more suitable. In comparison to the other visual forms, the artistic information visualizations were the least effective in making viewers consider climate change as important. It appears that artists’ free choice of data focus and artistic styles faces limits when depicting a complex topic such as climate change. A need for clarity or accompanying descriptions to the visualizations, at least when targeted at the general public without art training, might be necessary. The study did not show distrust in art’s involvement in the climate change discourse.

Behavior notwithstanding: Person perception and news photographs of the two leading candidates in the 2016 presidential election

Applying person perception theory, this research uses quantitative content analysis to analyze 1,183 newspaper photographs of the two leading candidates from the 2016 presidential election. Study findings show that there were statistically significant differences in the photographic presentations of Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump in the 2016 election, with Clinton pictured more favorably than Trump.

Instagram as a Platform to Capitalize on the Photo-Journalists’ or Freelancers’ Work

Instagram as a Platform to Capitalize on the Photo-Journalists’ or Freelancers’ Work

Photojournalism and the Moss Side Riots of 1981: Narrowly Selective Transparency

Abstract In the summer of 1981 a series of riots broke out across England. Here we look at the contemporary photojournalism of the Moss Side, Manchester, riots in the local newspaper, the Manchester Evening News, in order to better understand the riots and media representation of riots more generally. We begin by exploring the contradictory nature of photography (and news photography in particular) – what Susan Sontag refers to as photography’s narrowly selective transparency. We then outline a brief history of the riots, before turning to examine photographs in the Manchester Evening News at the time. We analyse the images both collectively and individually on the basis of what has been selected to be shown and why, and what has been excluded. This perspective allows us then to see in the photographs themselves what was intended to be excluded, primarily the causes of the riots – poverty, racism and oppressive policing; and the humanity of those who took part.

The Effects of Digital Media Images on Political Participation Online: Results of an Eye‐Tracking Experiment Integrating Individual Perceptions of “Photo News Factors”

Research in communication and political science has underlined the relevance of participation offline and online for the performance and stability of democratic societies, and shown that media has a substantial impact on people's willingness to participate in political discourses. However, the impact of visual message features, prevalent in contemporary online environments, on political participation online remains unclear and needs further research. This article examines two research questions: How and under what conditions do digital news media images trigger political online participation? Which roles do specific image features (“photo news factors” such as negativity, emotionality, visual attraction, or saliency) play in this respect? Based on an experimental study integrating eyetracking measurement, our empirical analysis reveals that individuals are more willing to politically participate online, if they perceive news media images with specific “photo news factors”: press photography individuals acknowledge as surprising, emotional, attractive, newsworthy, that is geographically proximal, controversial, relevant, or salient. We also find that the sensory perception of news media images can cause a positive and significant impact. If the media image is regarded as being newsworthy or as negative by individual recipients, they are more likely to then engage in online participation.

In search of visual expertise: examining skilled vision in the work of news photo professionals

Photojournalism professionals play a key role in producing and choosing the visual coverage that we see in the daily news media. This article focuses on photo editors and other photojournalism professionals behind the news images, and explores how they see and look at pictures professionally in order to decide what is newsworthy. The actual work practices of photojournalism professionals were scrutinized by using methods of newsroom observation and interviews at three media organizations. The theoretical framework applies ethnographic studies of vision in professional practices that consider vision as a socially situated activity and education of attention. The findings suggest that the education of the professional eye of photojournalism practitioners involves informal and everyday work practices that include characteristics of an apprenticeship. Finally, four areas where the professional knowledge accumulates were found: (1) constant following of news; (2) the use of reference images; (3) the use of specific software; and (4) social interaction among the professionals. In conclusion, it is argued that photojournalism professionals’ visual expertise is poorly understood. The shared vision is constitutive for the social organization of the profession while it concurrently narrows the visual coverage published in the media.

INTERNET RESOURCES: Photojournalism on the Web: A guide for practicing and student photo journalists

L'article presente une liste de ressources de l'internet selectionnees a l'usage des photojournalistes professionnels et etudiants : sites generalistes, journaux et magazines electroniques, sites d'ethique, sites de photographes connus, sites d'associations, ressources historiques dont les collections relatives au 11 septembre 2001.