The article deals with development of the shipbuilding industry of Ukraine in the postwar period (1946–1965). The author determined that in the postwar period the reconstruction of the entire industrial structure was accomplished, the most important works at releasing the shipbuilding plants from their uncharacteristic functions were carried out, the specialization profile in building of watercrafts of different types was worked out, the watercraft typing, unification of master ship engines and supplementary mechanical devices, standardization and normalization of materials and equipment were developed. All that allowed each enterprise to make a speciality of multiple building of one or two types of ships. The problem of technical reconstruction of production also became of great importance in the postwar years. Increasing requirements for the ship technical characteristics caused radical changes in shipbuilding technology. The pace of reconstruction and development of the Ukrainian shipbuilding industry was largely determined by the replenishment of enterprises in the industry by qualified specialists. The author concludes that in the postwar period shipbuilding turned into a highly developed industry and became the most important part of the shipbuilding complex of the USSR. Ukrainian engineering and work force made a decisive contribution to the formation of the Soviet postwar fleet.