New Type Of Conflict Research Articles

The phenomenon of value conflict in the mass media space

The author examines in detail the phenomenon of value conflict in the mass media space. With the advent of mass media, political conflict has acquired a new scale and role, developing on several planes: in reality, in the media, in social media and in the minds of the audience. Modern society is oversaturated with information, which leads to the question of the effective use of media resources and their uneven distribution. In the context of the information society, new types of conflicts arise related to the relationship of factual and necessary information, which emphasizes the importance of studying the mediatization of political conflicts and their impact on public relations. The media space is an environment where political conflicts are formed and resolved, thereby defining many aspects of social life and interaction. The article focuses on the role of values in the political process, reveals the influence of the media on the formation of attitudes and behavior in conflict conditions. The object of the study is a political conflict in the media space. The subject of the study is the mediatization of political relations in the context of the value characteristics of society. The purpose of the study is to determine the role and place of media in the processes of managing political and value conflict in modern society. The research uses activity-based, axiological and systematic approaches that allow us to penetrate into the essence of the phenomenon of the mass media space and trace the transformation of values in it that are the subject of conflict relations. The theoretical and practical significance of the study lies in the fact that it substantiates the need to revise classical approaches to the consideration of such categories as: information war, political and value conflict in the media space. As part of the conflict agenda, the media can chronicle events, mediate and make forecasts. They influence the formation of attitudes and behaviors of social groups in conflict conditions, have the potential to form stereotypes of constructive (or not) behavior. The study of the mediatization of political conflict in a value-based way allows us to identify the features and patterns of formation of models of "conflict behavior" in the information field (participating and observing parties), the choice of motives, strategies and opportunities in the conflict, goals and ideas about the development of the conflict.

Майбутнє міжнародного права: інтеграція сучасних технологій, гібридні підходи та створення нових нормативних рамок для глобального співтовариства

Annotation. In today's world, the impact of technology on international relations and the legal system is rapidly increasing, which is due, in particular, to the development of information technology. Globalisation has covered the economic, political and cultural spheres of society, which has led to the relevance of this work. This article examines the future of international law in the context of integration of modern technologies, hybrid approaches and creation of a new regulatory framework for the global community. The article examines the methods used, such as modelling conflict situations with the help of artificial intelligence, applying cyber measures to ensure cybersecurity, integrating blockchain technologies to increase the reliability and transparency of international agreements, and analysing big data to predict trends in international legal issues. The role of technology in expanding opportunities for international cooperation and improving conflict resolution mechanisms will be discussed. Particular attention will be paid to hybrid approaches that combine traditional methods with innovative tools, contributing to the creation of more effective and flexible normative mechanisms. It will also examine the challenges and opportunities associated with the use of these technologies in contemporary conflicts, trade, human rights and other areas of international law. These new types of conflicts combine both military and non-military methods, including cyberattacks, disinformation, hacking, hybrid propaganda and economic pressure. The analysis highlights the prospects for the development of a new normative framework that takes into account modern technologies and hybrid approaches, contributing to a more just, secure and stable international system. This article will contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between technological innovation and the future of international law, providing an important contribution to the development of this important field. The analysis concludes that modern technology can serve as an engine for creating a more efficient, flexible and equitable normative framework in global international relations.

The Kyiv “Incident”: A War of Statutes

The paper focuses on the reconstruction and analysis of the so-called Kyiv “incident” (1908) that marked a new type of conflict in the theatre life and developed a new disposition in the theatrical community. What constituted the incident was a collective refusal of the actors to proceed with the play until the theatre reporter and critic Petr Yartsev (1870–1930) would not leave the premises of the Solovtsov theatre. This “incident” roused the theatrical community, becoming the subject of intense discussions in the All-Russia press during the 1908–1910. It was covered in dozens of short notices and disputes; however, it was never analyzed from the standpoint of the change in statuses and dispositions: the researchers mainly pointed out at the “progressive” aesthetic ideas of the Moscow critic and backward province. This, probably unintentionally, again trapped the discussion within the limitations of the “Russian world.” Sometimes, though, Petr Yartsev, the theatre journalist who provoked the conflict, was even considered conservative in his artistic taste (while, in reality, someone’s aesthetic taste is not relevant until it becomes a factor of a proven impact or a marked of a covert collision). Nevertheless, the witnesses and participants of the “incident” left enough testimonies to analyze it as a marker of new tendencies in the theatre culture, in particular, as a marker of development of new relations between theatre and theatre journalism, especially taking into account that during the period, similar incidents occurred not only in Kyiv. Hence, this phenomenon became widespread and revealed the new type of conflict. A. Kugel, an editor of the Saint Petersburg journal Theatre and Art (Teatr i iskusstvo), played a significant role in development of this new disposition. Having turned from the local event into the All-Russia war of statuses, the Kyiv “incident” announced the era of the new type of conflicts (metropolis vs province, art vs the press). The court judgement in favor of the press became a precedent that defined the new rules and boundaries in the relations between theatre and the press.

ТЕОРЕТИКО-ПРАВОВІ АСПЕКТИ КОНСТИТУЦІЙНИХ НОРМ У СИСТЕМІ ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ

Annotation. In today's world, the impact of technology on international relations and the legal system is rapidly increasing, which is due, in particular, to the development of information technology. Globalisation has covered the economic, political and cultural spheres of society, which has led to the relevance of this work. This article examines the future of international law in the context of integration of modern technologies, hybrid approaches and creation of a new regulatory framework for the global community. The article examines the methods used, such as modelling conflict situations with the help of artificial intelligence, applying cyber measures to ensure cybersecurity, integrating blockchain technologies to increase the reliability and transparency of international agreements, and analysing big data to predict trends in international legal issues. The role of technology in expanding opportunities for international cooperation and improving conflict resolution mechanisms will be discussed. Particular attention will be paid to hybrid approaches that combine traditional methods with innovative tools, contributing to the creation of more effective and flexible normative mechanisms. It will also examine the challenges and opportunities associated with the use of these technologies in contemporary conflicts, trade, human rights and other areas of international law. These new types of conflicts combine both military and non-military methods, including cyberattacks, disinformation, hacking, hybrid propaganda and economic pressure. The analysis highlights the prospects for the development of a new normative framework that takes into account modern technologies and hybrid approaches, contributing to a more just, secure and stable international system. This article will contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between technological innovation and the future of international law, providing an important contribution to the development of this important field. The analysis concludes that modern technology can serve as an engine for creating a more efficient, flexible and equitable normative framework in global international relations.

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The article examines the views of domestic and foreign scientists on the peculiarities of the development of the modern world political process, the development of the global information space and technologies, the specifics of the social, economic and political conditions of the development of the modern world community that influenced the nature and peculiarities of the conduct of modern wars; analyzed the attempt to transition to force principles in relations between states, which was the beginning of the crisis of the European security system; formulated a vision of the concept of hybrid war through the prism of Ukrainian-Russian relations, as a kind of reference point in conflicts of a new type, state-legal mechanisms for ensuring the national security of Ukraine, justified the understanding of the essence of hybrid war as a new form of global confrontation in international relations, where hybrid war has become a new as a means of conducting an armed struggle at the beginning of the 21st century ? as the desire of one country to impose its political will on another through a complex of measures of a political, economic, informational and actually military nature ? without declaring war in accordance with the norms of international law; the main components of a hybrid war are characterized, with the help of which simultaneous influence on the opponent is carried out in various directions, where the determining components are informational, ideological, psychological, economic, political, diplomatic, military, technological, resource, energy; approaches are systematized understanding of the confrontation between Ukraine and the Russian Federation after 1991, namely the establishment of specific mass psychological attitudes, which at the time of transition of the conflict to the phase of large-scale armed aggression, were used to weaken Ukrainian statehood. An analysis was carried out to determine the location of the hybrid war as a prerequisite for the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. So, hybrid war is a new type of conflict that will be constantly encountered in the world in the last decades practice, therefore the world community must learn to adequately respond to such challenges and learn to effectively confront these threats.

CONFLICT AND ITS OVERCOMING

The article is devoted to various aspects of the analysis of the conflict and ways of dialogue on its resolution in the conditions of mass availability of information. The author considers it possible to assess the situation that has arisen as a “new Middle Ages”, which is caused by an overabundance of information, and not its lack, and raises the question of a new type of conflict, different from the former “ideological” or “philosophical”. The focus is on such problems as: the search for grounds in the field of theoretical law that could connect the parties to the “anthropological” conflict, belonging to different geographical and cultural spaces; identification of spatial and temporal coordinates of the limits of the influence of cultures and civilizations, regardless of political and economic relations. The importance of the contextual discussion between the parties of the anthropological or civilizational dispute about the place of a person on the axis of the opposition of the “whole” and “many parts”, taking into account the influence of the geopolitics of emotion, is emphasized.

Prosecuting the Post-Digital Hyper-War

The ubiquity and pervasiveness of digital technologies in modern societies portend a new type of conflict, a hyper-war of conflicting narratives, concepts and ideas. This multi-dimensional physical, virtual and cognitive battlespace is challenging the Westphalian model of multi-domain but mono-dimensional physical battle: it is moving conflict beyond the digital augmentation of Industrial Age platforms, into a new post-digital era. In this think piece, Martin Crilly reflects on how UK Defence will require imagination, ingenuity and inspiring leaders to successfully navigate this transition. ◼

The Dimensions of Military Engineer Support in the Hybrid War

Abstract Hybrid warfare as a new form of politico-military aggression, brings to the fore a complex of conventional and unconventional civil and military actions and operations designed to attack all components of the aggressed state. An appropriate response to the challenges posed by this new type of conflict involves a comprehensive approach, integrating both civilian and military instruments. However, military structures retain a particularly important role in achieving the objectives of the campaign, they possess those capabilities relevant to stabilizing the security environment as well as post-conflict reconstruction. The military engineer support, an important component of any joint military operation, contributes, beyond the fulfillment of missions / tasks in the field, mobility, countermobility, survivability or general support of the assembled military force, to the return to normalcy of the affected society of a conflict. Viewed from this perspective, it can be said that the military engineer support acquires a multidimensional character, which mainly refers to the security, economic, social and educational dimensions.

Human–machine trans roles conflict in the organization: How sensitive are customers to intelligent robots replacing the human workforce?

AbstractIn organizations facing digital transformation, intelligent technologies are starting to replace the human workforce. At present, managers delegate tasks to an artificial agent and rarely consider the customer reception of such decisions. This arouses tensions between the main stakeholders of the organization. This paper shows that the rash adaptation of the digital workforce may be perceived as an irresponsible innovation that brings negative consequences for companies. If a task is regarded by customers as dedicated to humans, and managers delegate it to machines, a new type of conflict – human‐machine trans roles conflict (HMTRC), appears. This paper intends to show that customers are sensitive to HMTRC. This research uses quantitative methods and consists of three stages. First, people were asked to indicate which tasks in an organization should be performed by (a) humans and (b) machines. According to these results, two leaflets for customers were designed (low vs. high HMTRC). In the second stage, standard procedures were used to construct a scale measuring customer reactions to HMTRC on three dimensions: cognitive, emotional and behavioural. Ultimately, the scale and two leaflets were used to check how customers react to different intensities of HMTRC. The research results show that customers are aware when HMTRC occurs and perceive it negatively (cognitive response). Moreover, it evokes negative emotions (emotional response) and prompts customers to take action against the company in which this conflict takes place (behavioural response). The practical contribution of this research is the three‐dimensional scale. It may predict customers' reactions to task delegation with different intensities of HMTRC and help build a technologically sustainable organization.

Europenian union’s concept of peace and peacebuilding

This article describes the importance of the peacekeeping missions and the role of the European Union in maintaining international peace and security. International peace and security has become a difficult task for the whole world to achieve. The entire world is now in a period of transition that has changed the contemporary international system approach. These new types of conflicts require a comprehensive approach from international organizations. The European Union is playing an important role in the international system, by promoting the security policies which have the aim to consolidate the international peace, promote democratic values and the rule of law. The complexity of the conflicts in the immediate vicinity of the EU, made the European Union to consolidate its efforts in the field of peace and security in order to be ready to respond to the new types of risks. Furthermore, the comprehensive approach utilized by EU in peacekeeping operations has demonstrated that only by a collective approach and unity of effort within the international organizations can bring durable peace and stability in the conflict zones

Technology platform competition between the United States and China: Decoupling and sanctions against Huawei

Decoupling, defined as the deliberate and state-directed severing of economic ties between the world’s two largest economies (the USA and China), is one of the most studied phenomena of contemporary international relations. The growing confrontation between the political systems and military machines of the United States and China extends into the economic sphere and increasingly affects the field of high technology. A number of experts consider the conflict of the modern superpowers for the leading position in the field of the new technologies as a manifestation of techno-nationalism, a new type of mercantilism that plays a key role in industrial policy and world trade of the leading economies of the planet. The article is focused on the new generation of interstate conflict, in which the technological giants act as proxy institutions of U. S. and Chinese state power. The distinctive feature of this new type of conflict is its overtly nonviolent nature. It manifests itself in the use by both sides of tools borrowed from economic sanctions and trade wars of the past. The China — US rivalry in the development and implementation of the latest technologies is a non-military reincarnation of the thermonuclear arms race of the Cold War era. Nowadays the most economically powerful states of the planet, led by the USA, choose instruments of economic coercion to protect the existing status quo in the global system. Such measures allow them to adapt elements of the arms race and power rivalry of past eras to modern conditions.

Intelligence-exalting strategic cultures: a case study of the Russian approach

ABSTRACT Since the 1920s, Soviet intelligence and counterintelligence followed a concept of an ‘unending covert war’ against the hostile international environment and cultivated a sophisticated operational theory aimed at winning that new type of conflict. Equipped with these advanced intellectual achievements, Soviet special services secured their status as the Kremlin’s principal strategic tool, exalted over the military. By drawing on new discoveries from the former Soviet archives and a thorough rereading of secondary sources, this article discusses this phenomenon and its implications in both Soviet and post- Soviet times, and distils theoretical lessons for Strategic Culture theory.

A-national rules in the paradigm of private international law: the conflict of law and non-law

The process of active application of the norms of non-state regulation, which began with cross-border trade in the Middle Ages (lex mercatoria), has now spread to almost all types of cross-border relations, although with varying degrees of penetration and recognition of the relevant norms. Non-legal matter, rapidly scalable in terms of network companies to sizes fragmented exceeding legal “veils”, leads to paradigm shifts in terms of law and law enforcement, and aggravating new type of conflict: the conflict of law and non-law of cross-border relations, especially in the context of cyberspace. The norm of non-state regulation in the paradigm of private international law is one of the modern concepts that integrate norms of behavior that are not derived from States and determine the direction of development of private international law, which requires its actual understanding in connection with the evolution of the order of creation, forms of objectification, and practice. The article examines various scientific views on the nature of the norms of non-state regulation and their place in the modern paradigm of private international law, as well as new regulatory regimes that lie outside the traditional state-oriented models, analyzes their conflict with the law, and develops a methodology for their integration into regulatory mechanisms.

ИСКУССТВЕННЫЙ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТ В МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЯХ: РОЛЬ И НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ

The article covers certain aspects of artificial intelligence in international relations. The study aims at identifying the role and key dimensions of AI research and application in international relations. The results of the study reveal paradigmatic differences in the approaches to the research of AI in international relations. Research dimensions include international security and the new types of conflicts, technological competition and sustainable development, ethics and human rights. As far as the application of AI in foreign policy is concerned, the expert discourse was analyzed and three utilitarian functions of AI were identified: 1) AI as a diplomatic tool; 2) AI as a topic for negotiations; 3) AI as a factor of the changes in the international environment. Thus, AI is one of the key technologies for the next decade with the potential to become a core factor in the redistribution of power in the international system. As part of international relations digitalization, AI influences the actors’ perceptions of the changing system. At this point, most research papers deal with AI within the framework of cybersecurity. This article aligns various approaches and presents a comprehensive perspective of AI in international relations.

The phenomenon of conflicts around art in the context of the contemporary public sphere

The article examines a new type of conflict in the form of public protests against contemporary art that appeared at the end of the 20th — beginning of the 21st century. Typical signs of contemporary conflicts are highlighted: the discourse of the offense is central, the protests are usually organized and collective, accusations are brought against art institutions, and collec-tive affective reactions and symbolic violence often become forms of conflict interaction. In the article, protests against contemporary art are examined through the prism of the analysis of the public as an actor in the conflict, transformations of the public sphere and relations in it as an autonomous field of art (the “art world”) and the fields of influence of other social forces. Relations between the art world and the public go beyond the framework of the educational paradigm, which was dominated by asymmetry and passive influence of consumers on the dynamics of the artistic field. The activization of a part of the public, for which the consumption of contemporary art is not a cultural norm, indicates that the origins of the conflict cannot be explained by the rules of artistic communication that has developed in modern society. Contemporary art spaces are turning into noticeable and important places for the manifestation of social tension and political struggle. Art in the public sphere is becoming the space of vulnerability (J. Butler). It is substantiated that one of the factors in the activation of public conflicts was a change in the structure of the side of the conflict which we call the “public” as opposed to the “audience of art”. In the framework of the concept of the public sphere as an agonistic space (Ch. Mouffe), the need for a review of the value orientations of art institutions and strategies for their interaction with the public is constituted.

Társadalmi beágyazottságból eredő konfliktusok egészségügyi szervezetekben

Tanulmányukban a szerzők az egészségügyi intézmények hálózati kapcsolatait vizsgálták. Interjúsorozat segítségével kutatták, hogy egy magyarországi egyetem egészségügyi szervezeti egységei milyen hálózatokban vesznek részt és e hálózatokban való részvétel hogyan befolyásolja működésüket. Több területre kiterjedő vizsgálatukból jelenleg a felmerülő konfliktusokat elemzik. Kutatásukban rávilágítanak arra, hogy egyetemi klinikák esetében a konfliktusok nem vezethetők le a hálózati együttműködésekből, hanem egy tágabb kontextusban kell vizsgálni őket. Kutatásuk eredményei alapján a hálózati komplexitás az egészségügyi intézményeknél a konfliktusok három típusát eredményezi: szervezetirányításhoz kapcsolódó konfliktusok, szervezeti folyamatokban felmerülő konfliktusok és személyes konfliktusok. Ezek a típusok összhangban állnak a szakirodalmi következtetésekkel, de érdekes eredmény, hogy a szervezetirányítási és a folyamatokhoz kapcsolódó konfliktusokat elsősorban az egészségügyi intézmény szakmai egységeinek vezetői említették, míg a gazdasági felső vezetők, illetve a támogató egységek vezetői mindhárom kategóriában felmerülő konfliktusok jellegzetességeit észlelték. Meglepő továbbá, hogy új, a szakirodalomban eddig nem azonosított konfliktustípusokat (stratégiai, felelősségi és karrierkonfliktusok) sikerült feltárni.

War and economy: legal and illegal practices of income generation

The article emphasizes that the armed conflict has become a part of modern Ukraine and caused changes in all spheres of public life. This updated the scientific discourse about the nature of today's wars and their characteristics. The article emphasizes that at the present stage, the war between powerful powers is unlikely, given the potential for the use of nuclear weapons. However, the conflicts of low intensity periodically arise and continue in various parts of the world. Not only do they become constituent elements of public life, but reform the economy both at global and local level.The components of modern capitalist system are the industries that serve military needs. The income of defense corporations show high demand for their products. It is used not only by the countries that are involved in an armed confrontation, but also by other states that can be at war any moment. Locally armed confrontation is destructive for the economy of the country, focused on functioning in peacetime. Being involved into a protracted conflict entails changes in all the aspects of social life. Economic system adapts and generates new practices. Some paradoxical situations arise, so that there some opportunities to "earn" on the conflict, and therefore people who are interested in its preservation.The armed conflict in Ukraine is often called a hybrid war. Besides, in scientific discourse there are other names – the conflict in the «grey zone», «grey war», unlimited conflict, a non-conventional war as «War on behalf of». The war in Donbass is a new type of conflict. Taking into consideration its duration, it has led to the emergence of various kinds of economic practices – both legal (for example, the increase in military orders, scope services for permanently migrating displaced people, etc.), and illegal (for example, smuggling of goods across the line of demarcation). They have become a part of everyday life not only in the frontline areas of Donbass, but also of the entire country.

Globalization: Territorial Heterogeneity and New Types of Conflicts

Globalization: Territorial Heterogeneity and New Types of Conflicts

The Law of the Network Society and the Problem of Hybridity Management

The network society, which is relevant to the social landscape of the 21st century, determines the building of a new architecture of law. The current legal map of the world is extremely heterogeneous and often does not coincide with the political map of the world. It is full of a variety of normative arrays that collide with each other, layered on top of each other, while the traditional legal methodology is not always able to resolve conflicts that arise. The problem of controversy between law and not law is gaining considerable potential due to the rapid growth of non-legal matter and the emergence of legitimizing institutions. The situation is complicated by the simultaneous existence of several institutional dispute resolution systems (state, non-state, alternative, platform-based) that refer to completely different, relatively autonomous subsystems of norms as applicable law. Such material and institutional fragmentation, the emergence of hybrid regulatory and institutional regimes has provoked an active search for new principles of building a legal architecture that is adequate to such a rapidly changing society. Globalization is transforming into networking, which redefines the geography of the world, the well-known and traditional principles of affiliation of legal entities, and then exacerbates the debates about legal taxonomy. The marked evolution of the legal superstructure also generates new types of conflicts, prompting the search for a new or adaptation of the known methodology in order to overcome them.The paper attempts to explore the new normativity in the context of a new sociality, to identify key trends in the development of the law of a network society, to predict the development of individual legal and sub-legal institutions, and to model legal ways of managing hybridity.

Tecnologías de la información y los mensajes en los nuevos espectros del conflicto

El desarrollo de las tecnologías de la información ha impactado en las sociedades, más allá del ámbito geográfico, a lo largo de la historia. Uno de los principales actos humanos es el conflicto, que no es sino una serie de acciones que persiguen objetivos políticos o económicos, a través de unos medios, que en ocasiones son de carácter pacíficos pero que en otras pueden llegar a los bélicos, como la guerra. En desarrollo temporal de los conflictos se observa que el uso de la comunicación ha sido paralelo al desarrollo de las tecnologías de la información, siendo hasta la última revolución similar en planteamientos. Con la llegada de la revolución digital se transforma el panorama mediático, pero a su vez han aparecido nuevos tipos de conflictos que son diferentes a los que históricamente han existido. En esta investigación se analizan los cambios producidos en los nuevos conflictos y se analizan tres escenarios bélicos del siglo XXI. También se expone que tipo de impacto tiene en cada sociedad y como se vehicula el mensaje a través de las tecnologías de la información, estudiando las características de los mensajes, públicos a los que se dirige y tipos de soportes utilizados.