Abstract
ABSTRACT Since the 1920s, Soviet intelligence and counterintelligence followed a concept of an ‘unending covert war’ against the hostile international environment and cultivated a sophisticated operational theory aimed at winning that new type of conflict. Equipped with these advanced intellectual achievements, Soviet special services secured their status as the Kremlin’s principal strategic tool, exalted over the military. By drawing on new discoveries from the former Soviet archives and a thorough rereading of secondary sources, this article discusses this phenomenon and its implications in both Soviet and post- Soviet times, and distils theoretical lessons for Strategic Culture theory.
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