New Species Of Streptomyces Research Articles

Occurrence of New Pathogenic Species of Streptomyces Causing Common Scab Disease on Potato Tubers in Egypt

Occurrence of New Pathogenic Species of Streptomyces Causing Common Scab Disease on Potato Tubers in Egypt

Streptomyces: Still the Biggest Producer of New Natural Secondary Metabolites, a Current Perspective

There is a real consensus that new antibiotics are urgently needed and are the best chance for combating antibiotic resistance. The phylum Actinobacteria is one of the main producers of new antibiotics, with a recent paradigm shift whereby rare actinomycetes have been increasingly targeted as a source of new secondary metabolites for the discovery of new antibiotics. However, this review shows that the genus Streptomyces is still the largest current producer of new and innovative secondary metabolites. Between January 2015 and December 2020, a significantly high number of novel Streptomyces spp. have been isolated from different environments, including extreme environments, symbionts, terrestrial soils, sediments and also from marine environments, mainly from marine invertebrates and marine sediments. This review highlights 135 new species of Streptomyces during this 6-year period with 108 new species of Streptomyces from the terrestrial environment and 27 new species from marine sources. A brief summary of the different pre-treatment methods used for the successful isolation of some of the new species of Streptomyces is also discussed, as well as the biological activities of the isolated secondary metabolites. A total of 279 new secondary metabolites have been recorded from 121 species of Streptomyces which exhibit diverse biological activity. The greatest number of new secondary metabolites originated from the terrestrial-sourced Streptomyces spp.

Characterization of Streptomyces nymphaeiformis sp. nov., and its taxonomic relatedness to other polyhydroxybutyrate-degrading streptomycetes.

A polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)-degrading actinomycete, strain SFB5AT, was identified as a species of Streptomyces based on its membrane fatty acid profile and the presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall. It formed sporulating mycelia on most agar media, but flat or wrinkled, moist colonies on trypticase soy agar. Spores were smooth, cylindrical, and borne on long, straight to flexuous chains. It produced a light brown diffusible pigment, but not melanin. Comparison of genomic digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values indicated that strain SFB5AT was related to Streptomyces litmocidini JCM 4394T, Streptomyces vietnamensis GIMV4.0001T, Streptomyces nashvillensis JCM 4498T and Streptomyces tanashiensis JCM 4086T, plus 11 other species. However, the dDDH and ANI values were well below the species differentiation thresholds of <70 and <95 %, respectively; also, multilocus sequence analysis distances exceeded the species threshold of 0.007. Moreover, strain SFB5AT differed from the other species in pigmentation and its ability to catabolize arabinose. Strain SFB5AT and 11 of its 15 closest relatives degraded PHB and have genes for extracellular, short-chain-length denatured polyhydroxyalkanoate depolymerases. These enzymes from strain SFB5AT and its closest relatives had a type 1 catalytic domain structure, while those from other relatives had a type 2 structure, which differs from type one in the position of a consensus histidine in the active site. Thus, phenotypic and genotypic differences suggest that strain SFB5AT represents a new species of Streptomyces, for which we propose the name Streptomyces nymphaeiformis sp. nov. The type strain is SFB5AT (=NRRL B-65520T=DSM 112030T).

Isolation and identification of Streptomyces sp. Act4Zk, a good producer of Staurosporine and some derivatives.

In this study, strain Streptomyces sp. Act4Zk was isolated based on a method developed for the isolation of myxobacteria. Due to the low efficiency of the majority of conventional DNA extraction techniques, for molecular identification of the strain Streptomyces sp. Act4Zk, a new technique for DNA extraction of Actinobacteria was developed. In order to explore potential bioactivities of the strain, extracts of the fermented broth culture were prepared by an organic solvent (i.e. ethyl acetate) extraction method using. These ethyl acetate extracts were subjected to HPLC fractionation against standard micro-organisms, followed by LC/MS analysis. Based on morphological, physiological, biochemical and 16S rRNA gene sequence data, strain Streptomyces sp. Act4Zk is likely to be a new species of Streptomyces, close to Streptomyces genecies and Streptomyces roseolilacinus. Antimicrobial assay indicated high antifungal activity as well as antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis and Gram-positive bacteria for the new strain. HPLC and LC/MS analyses of the extracts led to the identification of three different compounds and confirmed our hypothesis that the interesting species of the genus Streptomyces being a good producer of staurosporine and some derivatives.

Marine Sediment-Derived Streptomyces Strain Produces Angucycline Antibiotics against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Harboring SCCmec Type 1 Gene

The Philippine archipelago is geographically positioned in the tropics with rich areas of marine biodiversity. Its marine sediments harbor actinomycetes that exhibit antibacterial activity. Screening of actinomycetes isolated from marine sediments collected near the coast of Islas de Gigantes, Iloilo showed one isolate that exhibited high activity against the multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain carrying the Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) type 1 gene, a biomarker for drug resistance. The isolate was identified as Streptomyces sp. strain DSD011 based on its 16s rRNA and protein-coding genes (atpD, recA, rpoB, and trpB) sequences, and was found to be a new species of salt-tolerant marine Streptomyces. Further, the strain harbors both non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and type II polyketide synthase (PKS) in its genome. The targeted chromatographic isolation and chemical investigations by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry-Time of Flight (LCMS-TOF), tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and Global Natural Product Social molecular networking (GNPS) of the antibiotics produced by the strain afforded the two polycyclic aromatic polyketide angucycline glycosides, fridamycin A (1) and fridamycin D (2), which are products of type II PKS biosynthesis. Compounds 1 and 2 displayed antibacterial activity against MRSA with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 500 μg/mL and 62.5 μg/mL, respectively. These results suggest that the underexplored marine sediments near the coast of Islas de Gigantes, Iloilo offer access to undiscovered Streptomyces species that are invaluable sources of antibiotic leads.

Visual and Microscopic Evaluation of &lt;em&gt;Streptomyces&lt;/em&gt; Developmental Mutants

Streptomycetes are filamentous soil bacteria belonging to the phylum Actinobacteria that are found throughout the world and produce a wide array of antibiotics and other secondary metabolites. Streptomyces coelicolor is a well-characterized, non-pathogenic species that is amenable to a variety of analyses in the lab. The phenotyping methods described here use S. coelicolor as a model streptomycete; however, the methods are applicable to all members of this large genus as well as some closely related actinomycetes. Phenotyping is necessary to characterize new species of Streptomyces identified in the environment, and it is also a vital first step in characterizing newly isolated mutant strains of Streptomyces. Proficiency in phenotyping is important for the many new researchers who are entering the field of Streptomyces research, which includes the study of bacterial development, cell division, chromosome segregation, and second messenger signaling. The recent crowdsourcing of antibiotic discovery through the isolation of new soil microbes has resulted in an increased need for training in phenotyping for instructors new to the field of Streptomyces research and their college or high school students. This manuscript describes methods for bacterial strain propagation, storage, and characterization through visual and microscopic examination. After reading this article, new researchers (microbiology education laboratories and citizen scientists) should be able to manipulate Streptomyces strains and begin visual characterization experiments.

Visual and Microscopic Evaluation of Streptomyces Developmental Mutants.

Streptomycetes are filamentous soil bacteria belonging to the phylum Actinobacteria that are found throughout the world and produce a wide array of antibiotics and other secondary metabolites. Streptomyces coelicolor is a well-characterized, non-pathogenic species that is amenable to a variety of analyses in the lab. The phenotyping methods described here use S. coelicolor as a model streptomycete; however, the methods are applicable to all members of this large genus as well as some closely related actinomycetes. Phenotyping is necessary to characterize new species of Streptomyces identified in the environment, and it is also a vital first step in characterizing newly isolated mutant strains of Streptomyces. Proficiency in phenotyping is important for the many new researchers who are entering the field of Streptomyces research, which includes the study of bacterial development, cell division, chromosome segregation, and second messenger signaling. The recent crowdsourcing of antibiotic discovery through the isolation of new soil microbes has resulted in an increased need for training in phenotyping for instructors new to the field of Streptomyces research and their college or high school students. This manuscript describes methods for bacterial strain propagation, storage, and characterization through visual and microscopic examination. After reading this article, new researchers (microbiology education laboratories and citizen scientists) should be able to manipulate Streptomyces strains and begin visual characterization experiments.

Diversity, Novelty, and Antimicrobial Activity of Endophytic Actinobacteria From Mangrove Plants in Beilun Estuary National Nature Reserve of Guangxi, China.

Endophytic actinobacteria are one of the important pharmaceutical resources and well known for producing different types of bioactive substances. Nevertheless, detection of the novelty, diversity, and bioactivity on endophytic actinobacteria isolated from mangrove plants are scarce. In this study, five different mangrove plants, Avicennia marina, Aegiceras corniculatum, Kandelia obovota, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, and Thespesia populnea, were collected from Beilun Estuary National Nature Reserve in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. A total of 101 endophytic actinobacteria strains were recovered by culture-based approaches. They distributed in 7 orders, 15 families, and 28 genera including Streptomyces, Curtobacterium, Mycobacterium, Micrococcus, Brevibacterium, Kocuria, Nocardioides, Kineococcus, Kytococcus, Marmoricola, Microbacterium, Micromonospora, Actinoplanes, Agrococcus, Amnibacterium, Brachybacterium, Citricoccus, Dermacoccus, Glutamicibacter, Gordonia, Isoptericola, Janibacter, Leucobacter, Nocardia, Nocardiopsis, Pseudokineococcus, Sanguibacter, and Verrucosispora. Among them, seven strains were potentially new species of genera Nocardioides, Streptomyces, Amnibacterium, Marmoricola, and Mycobacterium. Above all, strain 8BXZ-J1 has already been characterized as a new species of the genus Marmoricola. A total of 63 out of 101 strains were chosen to screen antibacterial activities by paper-disk diffusion method and inhibitors of ribosome and DNA biosynthesis by means of a double fluorescent protein reporter. A total of 31 strains exhibited positive results in at least one antibacterial assay. Notably, strain 8BXZ-J1 and three other potential novel species, 7BMP-1, 5BQP-J3, and 1BXZ-J1, all showed antibacterial bioactivity. In addition, 21 strains showed inhibitory activities against at least one “ESKAPE” resistant pathogens. We also found that Streptomyces strains 2BBP-J2 and 1BBP-1 produce bioactive compound with inhibitory activity on protein biosynthesis as result of translation stalling. Meanwhile, Streptomyces strain 3BQP-1 produces bioactive compound inducing SOS-response due to DNA damage. In conclusion, this study proved mangrove plants harbored a high diversity of cultivable endophytic actinobacteria, which can be a promising source for discovery of novel species and bioactive compounds.

PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS AND ANTI MICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF Streptomyces spp. ISOLATED FROM COMPOST SOIL IN SURABAYA INDONESIA ON THE BASIS OF 16S Rrna GENE

Eight isolates of Streptomyces sp. can be isolated from compost soil in Surabaya, Indonesia. The results of biochemical and morphological tests showed that the 8 isolates were new. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the sequence of 16S rRNA gene. Nucleotide sequences of 16S rRNA gene Streptomyces sp. the compost soil isolates of Surabaya were analyzed and compared with the 16S rRNA gene sequence from the literature. Streptomyces sp. the compost soil of Surabaya based on the 16S rRNA gene showed the new species of Streptomyces. The result of phylogenetic tree diagram showed that Streptomyces Sp-D, Sp-Ep, Sp-G and Sp-I found in Bratang Surabaya compost house land were new isolates. Streptomyces Sp-Ep was a new type of Streptomyces closely related to Streptomyces indonesiasis and Streptomyces nashvillensis. Streptomyces Sp-Ea was Streptomyces olivoreticuli which was still related to Streptomyces yogyakartensis. Streptomyces Sp-F was Streptomyces levis strain NRRL B-24299. Streptomyces Sp-C was Streptomyces filamentosus. Streptomyces Sp-D was a new type of Streptomyces closely related to Streptomyces javensis and Streptomyces roseus. Streptomyces Sp-G was a new type of Streptomyces closely related to Streptomyces roseoviridis strain NBRC 12911 and Streptomyces thermocarboxydovorans strain AT52. Streptomyces Sp-I was a new streptomyces that was still closely related to Streptomyces cangkringensis and Streptomyces asiaticus. Streptomyces Sp-A was Streptomyces laurentii strain: LMG 19959.

Streptomyces aridus sp. nov., isolated from a high altitude Atacama Desert soil and emended description of Streptomyces noboritoensis Isono et al. 1957

A polyphasic study was undertaken to determine the taxonomic status of a Streptomyces strain which had been isolated from a high altitude Atacama Desert soil and shown to have bioactive properties. The strain, isolate H9T, was found to have chemotaxonomic, cultural and morphological properties that place it in the genus Streptomyces. 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that the isolate forms a distinct branch at the periphery of a well-delineated subclade in the Streptomyces 16S rRNA gene tree together with the type strains of Streptomyces crystallinus, Streptomyces melanogenes and Streptomyces noboritoensis. Multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) based on five house-keeping gene alleles showed that isolate H9T is closely related to the latter two type strains and to Streptomyces polyantibioticus NRRL B-24448T. The isolate was distinguished readily from the type strains of S. melanogenes, S. noboritoensis and S. polyantibioticus using a combination of phenotypic properties. Consequently, the isolate is considered to represent a new species of Streptomyces for which the name Streptomyces aridus sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is H9T (=NCIMB 14965T=NRRL B65268T). In addition, the MLSA and phenotypic data show that the S. melanogenes and S. noboritoensis type strains belong to a single species, it is proposed that S. melanogenes be recognised as a heterotypic synonym of S. noboritoensis for which an emended description is given.

Taxonomy of Streptomyces strains isolated from rhizospheres of various plant species grown in Taif region, KSA, having antagonistic activities against some microbial tissue culture contaminants

This work was designed to identify and taxonomically classify Streptomyces strains isolated from the rhizospheres of various plant species; banana, rose, pomegranate and grape plants, having antagonistic activity against some microbial (bacteria and fungi) tissue culture contaminants. Streptomyces strains with the most potent antagonistic traits were identified using sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons generated by PCR of DNA and blasting the sequences into GenBank. The Streptomyces isolates had antagonism against five identified fungi ( Aspergillus fumigates, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nidulans (1), Aspergillus nidulans (2), Cladosporium herbarum ) and against five out of the 11 Gram positive bacilli bacterial contaminants. The three selected Streptomyces isolates (14, 15 and 17) were identified as strains of Streptomyces noboritoensis, Streptomyces albolongus and Streptomyces griseorubiginosus , respectively. Isolate 14 for which 1443 nucleotides were obtained was compared with eight universal Streptomyces strains and was classified as a new species of gray Streptomyces , to be named Streptomyces noboritoensis SSMA2-KSA strain. This study recommends conducting further studies on the use of streptomycetes in the biological control in a large scale production. Keywords : Taxonomy, Streptomyces , microbial tissue culture contaminants, antagonistic activities, 16S rRNA African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(14), pp. 1657-1664

A new angucycline and a new butenolide isolated from lichen-derived Streptomyces spp.

A new 1,1-dichlorocyclopropane-containing angucycline, JBIR-88 (1), and a new butenolide, JBIR-89 (2), respectively, were isolated from the fermentation broths of two lichen-derived actinomycetes identified as a new species of Streptomyces (strains RI104-LiC106 and RI104-LiB101) using phylogenetic methods. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and MS analyses. Compound 1 showed cytotoxic activities against cancer cells and antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus.

Screening and identification of actinobacteria from marine sediments: Investigation of potential producers for antimicrobial agents and type I polyketides

Marine actinobacteria were isolated from the sediment samples collected in Xinghai Bay, Xiaoping Island and Changhai in Dalian, China. Fifteen selective media were employed, of which Humic acid-Vitamin medium recovered the highest number of isolates. Eleven of the 239 isolates obtained from the selective media were selected for further investigations based on colony morphology and pigment formation. Phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA sequences showed that these strains belong to the genera of Streptomyces and Micromonospora. One of these strains identified is a new species of Streptomyces. Type I polyketide synthase (PKSI) gene fragments were amplified from three strains. The PKSI sequence of one of these strains (S187) showed high homology to the KS gene involved in meridamycin biosynthesis. Based on this result, the neurotrophic activity of S187 was further investigated. Culture broth of S187 was applied to rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells, and a 2.3-fold increase in growth over control cells was observed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. These results indicated the importance of further exploration of the marine actinobacteria in Dalian sea area for antimicrobial agents and type I polyketides.

Streptomyces sudanensis sp. nov., a new pathogen isolated from patients with actinomycetoma

Nine strains isolated from mycetoma patients and received as Streptomyces somaliensis were the subject of a polyphasic taxonomic study. The organisms shared chemical markers consistent with their classification in the genus Streptomyces and formed two distinct monophyletic subclades in the Streptomyces 16S rRNA gene tree. The first subclade contained four organisms, including the type strain of S. somaliensis, and the second clade the remaining five strains which had almost identical 16S rRNA sequences. Members of the two subclades were sharply separated using DNA:DNA relatedness and phenotypic data which also showed that the subclade 1 strains formed an heterogeneous group. In contrast, the subclade 2 strains were assigned to a single genomic species and had identical phenotypic profiles. It is evident from these data that the subclade 2 strains should be recognised as a new species of Streptomyces. The name proposed for this new species is Streptomyces sudanensis sp. nov. The type strain is SD 504(T) (DSM = 41923(T) = NRRL B-24575(T)).

Studies on new antibiotics SF2415. I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical properties and biological activities.

A new species of Streptomyces is described for which the name Streptomyces aculeolatus is proposed. The organism produces new antibiotics SF2415A1, A2, A3, B1, B2 and B3 active against Gram-positive bacteria. Empirical molecular formulae of the antibiotics SF2415A1, A2, A3, B1, B2 and B3 were determined to be C26H31N2O5Cl, C26H30N2O5, C26H30N2O5Cl2, C26H33O5Cl, C26H32O5 and C26H32O5Cl2, respectively.

Asparenomycins A, B and C, new carbapenem antibiotics. I. Taxonomic studies on the producing microorganisms.

Two streptomycete isolates, PA-31088 and PA-39504, were found to produce new carbapenem antibiotics, asparenomycins A, B and C. Strain PA-31088 was identified as a new species of Streptomyces and the name Streptomyces tokunonensis sp. nov. proposed. Strain PA-39504 was identified as Streptomyces argenteolus.

Streptomyces auranticolor Sp. Nov., a new anticoccidial antibiotics producer.

A new species of Streptomyces is described and designated Streptomyces auranticolor (FERM-P No. 5365) which produces new anticoccidial antibiotics, designated as WS-5995 A and WS-5995 B. The organism is characterized by gray spore mass color, spiral spore chain with smooth spores, non-chromogenic reaction, soluble pigment, and carbon utilization characteristics. It differs from previously described streptomycetes on the basis of carbon utilization, and pigment production.

Studies on new phosphonic acid antibiotics. II. Taxonomic studies on producing organisms of the phosphonic acid and related compounds.

A new species of Streptomyces which produces a new cell wall-inhibitory antibiotic, FR-900098 containing phosphonic acid in its molecule, is named and described. The species name proposed, Streptomyces rubellomurinus, refers to the aerial mass color. Streptomyces rubellomurinus subsp. indigoferus also produces FR-900098 and the related compound FR-33289. FR-900098 related compounds, FR-32863 and FR-31564 are produced by Streptomyces lavendulae.

Production of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine by a new species of Streptomyces and its herbicidal activity.

9-beta-D-Arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A) was produced by a new species of Streptomyces designated as S. herbaceus. Ara-A was found to have potent herbicidal activity against Echinochloa crus-galli, Digitaria adscendens and Chenopodium ficifolium by the treatment with ara-A before germination of these plants. However, Oryza sativa had strong resistance to ara-A.

A new species of Streptomyces producing virginiamycin family antibiotics.

A new species of Streptomyces producing virginiamycin family antibiotics.