New Species Of Streptomyces Research Articles

Streptomyces longwoodensis sp. nov.

A new species of Streptomyces is described for which the name S. longwoodensis is proposed. The organism produces a polyether ionophorous antibiotic, lysocellin. It is characterized by its gray spore mass color, spiral spore chain with smooth spores, chromogenic reaction on ISP media 1 and 6, and carbon utilization characteristics. It differs from all streptomycetes described previously on the basis of its carbon utilization, protein hydrolysis, and pigment production. The type strain of S. longwoodensis is Roche X-14537 (= ATCC 29251).

U-43,120; a new antitumor antibiotic. I. Production, biological activity, microbiological assay and taxonomy of the producing microorganism.

A new antitumor antibiotic, U-43,120 was discovered. It is produced by fermentation of a new species of Streptomyces, designated Streptomyces paulus DIETZ sp. n. Its antimicrobial activity is limited to bacteria. A microbiological assay with Bacillus subtilis was developed that can be detect concentrations of 1 approximately 2 mug/ml of the drug in fermentation liquors. U-43,120 was active in vivo against P-388 leukemia in mice.

C-2801X, a new cephamycin-type antibiotic II. Isolation and characterization.

Two new species of Streptomyces, S. heteromorphus and heteromorphus and S. panayensis, were found to produce a new atibiotic named C-2801X together with cephamycins A and B. The antibiotics were separated from each other by column chromatography on Amberlite XAD-2 and isolated in pure form as mono-sodium salts. C-2801X mono-sodium salt has a molecular formula C25H28N3O12SNa, and exhibits antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including those insensitive to cephamycins A and B. From its physicochemical and biological properties, C2801X was considered to be a new cephamycin-type antibiotic.

Herbicidins A and B, two new antibiotics with herbicidal activity. I. Producing organism and biological activities.

Herbicidins A and B, two new antibiotics with selective and contact herbicidal activity, were produced by a new species of Streptomyces designated as S. sagononensis. Among tested microorganisms, herbicidins indicated some activity against fungi in vitro and Xanthomonas oryzae in vivo. Their characteristic features were brought into relief by their selective and contact killing effect on many dicotyledonous plant as well as their inhibition of germination of the plant seeds, such as Chinese cabbage.

Streptomyces clavuligerus sp. nov., a -Lactam Antibiotic Producer

A new species of Streptomyces which produces two new cephalosporin antibiotics is named and described. Sporophores are produced on an extensive aerial mycelium and consist of networks of short, sympodially branched hyphae. One to four spores are borne usually on short, club-shaped side branches. Sporophores eventually segment to form chains of spores. The spores are oblong to slightly cylindrical, smooth-walled, and gray to grayish green en masse. The species name proposed, Streptomyces clavuligerus, refers to the production of club-like side branches.

Streptomyces sp. producing litmocidin

Morphological and physiological studies on an isolated strain of Streptomyces from an Egyptian soil, producing high yields of litmocidin, were carried out. The local strain was compared with litmocidin producing species. The morphological and physiological characteristics revealed that the isolated strain is more related to Streptomyces litmocidini. The local strain was considered to be a new species of Streptomyces producing than to Nocadia. The utilization of the different carbon sources by the microorganism for the production of the antibiotic was investigated.

Streptomyces sp. producing litmocidin

AbstractMorphological and physiological studies on an isolated strain of Streptomyces from an Egyptian soil, producing high yields of litmocidin, were carried out. The local strain was compared with litmocidin producing species. The morphological and physiological characteristics revealed that the isolated strain is more related to Streptomyces litmocidini. The local strain was considered to be a new species of Streptomyces producing than to Nocadia. The utilization of the different carbon sources by the microorganism for the production of the antibiotic was investigated.

A NEW SPECIES OF STREPTOMYCES FROM INDIAN SOILS

A new species of Streptomyces designated as Streptomyces indicus CHAKRABARTY which produces abundant aerial mycelium with shrimp-pink spores, antibiotic activity mainly against plant and human pathogenic fungi and melanin pigment, has been described. Its taxonomic relationship with other species of Streptomyces as well as the cultural, physiological and biochemical characteristics, are also discussed.

Studies on a new antibiotic, albocycline. II. Taxonomic studies on albocycline-producing strains.

Three different Streptomyces producing a new antibiotic albocycline were examined in reference to their taxonomic characteristics. It was concluded that two of the strains, S. MCRL-0129 and S. MCRL-0356, are new species of Streptomyces and they were named S. brunneogriseus nov. sp. and S. roseocinereus nov. sp., respectively. The third strain, S. MCRL-0355, was recognized to be a variety of S. roseochrontogenes and named S. roseochromogenes var. albocyclini var. nov.

New basic water-soluble antibiotics BD-12 and BY-81. I. Taxonomy of the producing organisms and antibiotic production.

In taxonomic studies on two streptomyces, the strain MCRL-0357 which produces the antibiotic BD-12 was recognized to be a new species of streptomyces and named Streptomyces luteocolor nov. sp. The strain MCRL-0358 which produces antibiotic BY-81 was concluded to be a new variety of Streptomyces olivoreticuli ARAI et al. The production of both antibiotics were described.

Study of a new species of Streptomyces: Streptomyces nobilis sp. nov. and examination of related strains belonging to the genera Streptomyces, Streptoverticillium and Nocardia

Alcuni ceppi di attinomiceti provenienti da diverso isolamento sono stati esaminati in comparazione con altri riferiti a specie o generi noti, onde procedere alla loro identificazione. I criteri diagnostici sono gli stessi di cui a precedenti nostre pubblicazione. I ceppi in studio sono riferibili a tre generi come da seguito: GenereStreptomyces. Sono riferiti aStreptomyces i ceppi 631 e 725, isolati da suolo, e sono descritti come specie nuovaStreptomyces nobilis sp. nov. Il ceppo 631 costituisce l'olotipo e il ceppo 725 una variante naturale. GenereStreptoverticillium. Viene riferito il ceppo in studio 174. Si e rinunziato ad una identificazione specifica limitando si all'inserimento nella serie Rubrireticuli della quale viene aggiornata la chiave delle specie. GenereNocardia. I ceppi 608 e 669 sono riferiti aNocardia asteroides e il ceppo 535 aProactinomyces (=Nocardia)ruber.

A new antibiotic producing Streptomyces: Str. bellus nov. sp.

The description of a new species of Streptomyces,Str. bellus nov. sp., is given. The antibiotic principle produced by fermentation procedures is too toxic for therapeutic use.

Formation of antifungal antibiotics by a new Streptomyces species.

Two closely similar strains of a new species of Streptomyces (Nos. 1033 and 1038) were isolated from the Champavathi river mud (Andhra Pradesh) and Bangalore virgin soil (Mysore State). Their morphological and biochemical characteristics (Table 1) appear similar to those of Streptomyces viridans (Waksman and Henrici's classification)1, but they are readily differentiated from the latter by the formation of straight sporophores and aerial mycelium in circles and tufts, and the elaboration of antifungal substances.

A New Species of Streptomyces

SUMMARYA new species of Streptomyces, S. albo-niger, which produces the antibiotic puromycin, has been described. Its taxonomic relationships are discussed, as well as a simple, direct method of studying the morphology of the aerial growth of it and other Streptomyces.

Anti-biotin activity of thiazolidone antibiotic.

A new anti-tubercular antibiotic was obtained from the broth filtrate of a new species of streptomyces, Streptomyces cinnamonensis n.sp.. When this substance was obtained in a crystalline state, the authors learned a report of Sobin on a thiazolidone antibiotic. At the same time another research group of Takeda's laboratories gave out a new streptomyces antibiotic, acidomycin. Comparing the chemical and physical characteristics of these substances, the authors came to the conclusion that they are identical. Though it is strongly tuberculostatic in vitro, it is ineffective in vivo. It suggests the existence of a certain antagonist in animal tissues. The structural formula of thiazolidone antibiotic proposed by McLamore and others indicates its close resemblance to biotin and especially to desthiobiotin. Moreover, imidazolidone caproic acid, which also resembles these substances, was shown to be an antagonist to biotin and desthiobiotin by Dittmer and du Vigneaud, and Pope and Smith. The authors' preliminary experiment indicated the antagonistic effect of this antibiotic to biotin. In the present paper the competitive nature of antagonistic relationship between thiazolidone antibiotic and either biotin or desthiobiotin was recorded.

Chloromycetin : Its Structure and Synthesis

CHLOROMYCETIN, now also known as chloramphenicol, is an antibiotic which was first described by members of the research staff of Parke, Davis and Company, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.1,2. It is a metabolic product of a new species of Streptomyces, S. Venezuelœ, n.sp., isolated from soil originating near Caracas, Venezuela, and is present in the nitrate from submerged aerated cultures of this micro-organism.

Streptomycin II, An Antibiotic Substance Produced by a New Species of Streptomyces*

The production of streptomycin by actinomycetes is limited to certain strains of a single species of the genus Streptomyces, known as S. griseus. In addition to the first 2 streptomycin-producing strains isolated in 1943, only 3 other streptomycin-producing strains have thus far been reported. Although over a hundred cultures of S. griseus, isolated from different substrates, have now been tested in our laboratory for their antibiotic properties, only one culture was found capable of producing streptomycin; several others were capable of producing antibiotic substances such as grisein, which differed, however, from streptomycin. Similar results were obtained by Carvajal, who isolated 2 streptomycin-producing strains of S. griseus. No other organisms culturally different from S. griseus have been found capable of producing streptomycin. In connection with a study of the bacterial population of the waters around Bikini and Rongelap Atolls during the recent atomic bomb experiments in the Marshall Islands, a culture of an actinomycete was isolated from one of the Bikini soils. This culture showed strong inhibition of various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as of acid-fast bacteria. This culture belonged to the genus Streptomyces, but was distinct from streptomycin-producing S. griseus. This culture was very similar, both morphologically and culturally, to S. griseolus (Actinomyces 96) described by one of us in 1919. It differed, however, in some of its cultural properties and in its ability to produce an active antibiotic substance. Because of these differences and also because of the peculiar natural substrate from which this culture was isolated, it is proposed to designate it as Streptomyces bikiniensis. It produces on synthetic and on organic media containing glucose, a dark gray aerial mycelium, which consists of dichotomous branches with straight chains of conidia. A thick complete pellicle is formed on the surface of stationary cultures, with protein-containing media being pigmented brown to black.