New Set Of Properties Research Articles

(Nd,Sm,La)-Fe-B-based hot-deformed magnets with excellent comprehensive properties for variable flux permanent magnet motors

An emerging motor type, the variable flux permanent magnet (VFPM) motor, has created a demand for permanent magnets with a new set of properties. These magnets must exhibit easily tunable magnetization, demanding for moderate coercivity values, low magnetizing fields, and first-order reversal curves (FORCs) with high flatness. In this work, we report that the doping of Sm and La in Nd-Fe-B-based hot-deformed magnet, followed by the Nd-Cu diffusion process, resulted in desirable magnetic properties, such as, a moderate coercivity (µ0Hc) of 0.55 T, a low magnetizing field (µ0Hmag) of 0.94 T and a high FORC flatness of 0.96, while maintaining a high remanence (µ0Mr) of 1.3 T. The FORC flatness achieved in this work is the highest and the comprehensive properties are superior to the previously reported Nd-Fe-B magnets for VFPM motors. Microscopic investigations revealed that the high flatness achieved in this hot-deformed magnet is attributed to the formation of Fe-lean thick intergranular phases realized by Nd-Cu grain boundary diffusion. The overall combination of the magnetic properties for the diffusion processed (Nd,Sm,La)-Fe-B magnet is excellent, in comparison with a commercially available Sm2Co17-type magnet, showing the promise of the former for use in VFPM motors.

The Evaluation оf Potential Threat оf Animal’s Coronaviruses аs Human’s Patogens

The introduction of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus from a natural reservoir into the human population subsequently caused the COVID-19 pandemic, that had a huge impact on all spheres of human activity dramatically increased interest in this group of viruses. Given that such an introduction of the coronavirus was already the third in a row in 21 century (after outbreaks caused by SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV viruses), there are quite good reasons to fear the appearance of new diseases, the etiological agents of which will be representatives of the Coronaviridae family in the future. The purpose of this review is to assess the potential risk of coronaviruses of animals as possible human pathogens. When preparing the review, the following data were used: data published in leading foreign journals as well as in Internet sources that address some aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The following main aspects of this problem are considered: a spontaneous formation during the evolution of animal coronaviruses, highly pathogenic to humans; a possibility of transmission of human coronavirus to animals, its genetic interaction with the coronavirus, the owner of which is this animal, the acquisition of viral progeny, a set of new properties and reverse transmission from animal to man a pathogen that may have increased pathogenicity. Animal coronaviruses are considered by belonging to a certain taxonomic group of their natural hosts. The main focus is on bat coronaviruses (as a reservoir of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 viruses), as well as avian coronaviruses, due to the potential ability of these animals to become vectors of spread of new emergent diseases and the coronaviruses of carnivores, due to the established during the COVID-19 pandemic fact of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus from man to mink and from mink to man. Studying the features of molecular evolution it will help you better understand the mechanisms of occurrence and adaptation to humans pathogens of emergent viral diseases.

Intermolecular interactions of apple pectin modified by pharmacophores with iodine and antimicrobial activity of iodine-containing pectin materials

New complex compounds based on apple pectin and pharmacologically active organic acids (nicotinic, salicylic, 5-aminosalicylic and anthranilic acids) were synthesized. The obtained complexes were characterized by a number of physicochemical research methods (UV, IR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy, electron microscopy, viscosimetry, polarimetry, and elemental analysis). Based on pharmacophore-containing pectins, stable iodine-containing films were obtained. The effect of the structure of a polysaccharide-modifying drug compound on the properties of iodine-containing polymeric materials was shown: iodine content, time of release of iodine from the film, diffusion and surface characteristics. The formation of a new set of properties in the production of iodine-containing films based on pharmacophore-containing pectins provides an increase in antimicrobial activity by 1.3-1.5 times in comparison with the initial polymer matrices.

Global Performance Indices for Dynamic Crystals as Organic Thermal Actuators

Crystal adaptronics is an emergent materials science discipline at the intersection of solid-state chemistry and mechanical engineering that explores the dynamic nature of mechanically reconfigurable, motile, and explosive crystals. Adaptive molecular crystals bring to materials science a qualitatively new set of properties that associate long-range structural order with softness and mechanical compliance. However, the full potential of this class of materials remains underexplored and they have not been considered as materials of choice in an engineer's toolbox. A set of general performance metrics that can be used for quantification of the performance of these prospective dynamic materials as micro- and macroactuators is presented. The indices are calculated on two selected representatives of thermosalient solids-materials that undergo rapid martensitic transitions accompanied with macroscopic locomotion. Benchmarking of their performance against extensive set of data for the existing actuator classes and visualization using materials property charts uncover the hidden potential and advantages of dynamic crystals, while they also reveal their drawbacks for actual application as actuators. Altogether the results indicate that, if the challenges with fabrication and implementation in devices are overcome, adaptive molecular crystals can have far-reaching implications for emerging fields such as smart microelectronics and soft microrobotics.

New set of properties for polymers: Graphene nanotubes discussed at NAUM’19

Graphene nanotubes grant engineers the ability to produce totally new, highly innovative and competitive products. Wind turbines, tires, anti-static packaging and clothes, home and industrial electronics, car parts – the number of graphene nanotube-enhanced polymer applications is growing fast, building an ecosystem of greater efficiency and durability around us. 450 experts from 31 country at NAUM’19 Industry Summit in Kyoto discussed the combination of conductivity, strength and the greater control over color that is now possible thanks to these tiny tubes.

New Set of Properties for Composites, Coatings: Graphene Nanotubes Discussed

New Set of Properties for Composites, Coatings: Graphene Nanotubes Discussed

2D Poly(arylene vinylene) Covalent Organic Frameworks via Aldol Condensation of Trimethyltriazine

AbstractDesigning structural order in electronically active organic solids remains a great challenge in the field of materials chemistry. Now, 2D poly(arylene vinylene)s prepared as highly crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COFs) by base‐catalyzed aldol condensation of trimethyltriazine with aromatic dialdehydes are reported. The synthesized polymers are highly emissive (quantum yield of up to 50 %), as commonly observed in their 1D analogues poly(phenylene vinylene)s. The inherent well‐defined porosity (surface area ca. 1000 m2 g−1, pore diameter ca. 11 Å for the terephthaldehyde derived COF‐1) and 2D structure of these COFs also present a new set of properties and are likely responsible for the emission color, which is sensitive to the environment. COF‐1 is highly hydrophilic and reveals a dramatic macroscopic structural reorganization that has not been previously observed in framework materials.

Assessing a simplified procedure to reconcile distributed renewable and interactive energy systems and urban patterns. The case study of school buildings in Rome

ABSTRACTDistributed, Renewable and Interactive energy Systems (DRIs) are revolutionizing the concept of infrastructure by introducing a set of new properties. The implications of the new system properties in the realm of Urban Design are often neglected. This paper proposes a procedure to reconcile DRIs and urban patterns. This procedure is tested on 23 school buildings in four urban regions of the Ostiense district in Rome. Findings suggest that the identification of existing buildings as active, neutral and passive nodes in DRIs can make a contribution to Urban Design decisions to exploit the renewable energy production capacity inherent in urban patterns.

Unconventional Nanofabrication for Supramolecular Electronics.

The scientific effort toward achieving a full control over the correlation between structure and function in organic and polymer electronics has prompted the use of supramolecular interactions to drive the formation of highly ordered functional assemblies, which have been integrated into real devices. In the resulting field of supramolecular electronics, self-assembly of organic semiconducting materials constitutes a powerful tool to generate low-dimensional and crystalline functional architectures. These include 1D nanostructures (nanoribbons, nanotubes, and nanowires) and 2D molecular crystals with tuneable and unique optical, electronic, and mechanical properties. Optimizing the (opto)electronic properties of organic semiconducting materials is imperative to harness such supramolecular structures as active components for supramolecular electronics. However, their integration in real devices currently represents a significant challenge to the advancement of (opto)electronics. Here, an overview of the unconventional nanofabrication techniques and device configurations to enable supramolecular electronics to become a real technology is provided. A particular focus is put on how single and multiple supramolecular fibers and gels as well as supramolecularly engineered 2D materials can be integrated into novel vertical or horizontal junctions to realize flexible and high-density multifunctional transistors, photodetectors, and memristors, exhibiting a set of new properties and excelling in their performances.

Addition of carbon nanotubes to electrospun polyacrylonitrile as a way to obtain carbon nanofibers with desired properties

Usage of CNTs as matrix modifiers during fabrication of CNFs from the electrospun polymer precursor is an interesting approach to obtain composite materials with a new set of properties. However, the progress in this field is hindered by the lack of consistency of the CNTs used in the studies and sometimes insufficient materials characterization.In this study, two types of CNTs were at first characterized to reveal their chemical composition and morphology (by TEM and XPS) and then used as matrix additives in the process of electrospinning. The outcome product was evaluated for morphology (SEM), chemical composition (XPS, FTIR), course of thermal transition (STA-FTIR) and level of structural arrangement (TEM combined with SAED) to answer the question how do CNTs interact with polymer matrix and how it impacts the process of thermal transition and properties of the as-received carbon nanofibers. Highly oxidized and short CNTs were found to increase the structural arrangement, catalyzing the thermal transition, while thin and long CNTs, with low amount of oxygen, entrap the nitrogen atoms, yielding nitrogen-doped CNFs that might be suggested as high-performance oxygen reduction reaction catalysts.

Phase field simulation of martensitic transformation in pre-strained nanocomposite shape memory alloys

We show in this paper how strain engineering alters the fundamental characteristic of a martensitic transformation (MT) and gives it a new set of properties including large quasi-linear elastic strain response with nearly vanishing hysteresis and low elastic modulus. The work is motivated and inspired by a recent experimental study on elastic and inelastic (transformation) strain matching in a pre-strained nano-composite with Nb nanowires embedded in a NiTi shape memory alloy matrix. In particular, we demonstrate by computer simulation that dislocations at Nb/NiTi interfaces produced by the pre-straining are responsible for the unprecedented properties. Microstructural evolution captured in the simulations reveals that local stress fields associated with the dislocations regulate the nucleation and growth of martensite, turning the otherwise sharp, strong first-order transition into a continuous, high-order like transition. The simulations predict that the stress-strain hysteresis and modulus of the composite decrease with increasing amount of pre-strain, which agrees well with the experimental measurement. This study suggests a design strategy by introducing non-uniform stress fields for enhanced properties of shape memory alloys.

Современные шовные материалы (обзор литературы)

The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of sutural materials and search of ways of their improvement. Advantages and disadvantages of the products which are used in surgical practice are shown. The surgical sutures applied nowadays have such important advantages as knot strength, torpidity, lack of memory. Their main disadvantages are provocation of pyoinflammatory complications, allergic reactions, difficult to predict terms of a resorption, high rigidity, and insufficient elasticity. Considering impossible and unnecessary the creation of universal sutural material, authors make mention about the most widespread technologies of modification of traditional surgical sutures such as introduction of admixture to their structure, various coating applications, chemical modification of fibers. Results of experimental assessment of influence of traditional materials and prototypes on wound process are given. They consider that the development and deployment in surgical practice of new types of sutural materials with the improved characteristics are the priority direction in acceleration of processes of operational wound healing. One of such materials is titanium nickelide. Having biological torpidity and corrosion resistance, it stimulates processes of regeneration of tissues, when swordcut is formed. Titanium nickelide provides implants with a new set of properties: shape memory with temperature change, superelasticity at body temperature. The encouraging results obtained in the experiments indicate the prospects of its use as a suture material. However, the literature contains only fragmentary data on the interaction of suture materials based on interaction of titanium nickelide with biological tissue. This is not enough for the wide use of new medical devices in surgical practice. A number of additional medical and biological studies are required, including those relating to the interaction of implants with the tissues of the body.

Inovação no setor público federal no Brasil na perspectiva da inovação em serviços

O tema inovação tem se apresentado como um dos assuntos que mais geram interesses dos pesquisadores, tanto daqueles que estudam organizações do setor privado quanto daqueles que estudam o setor público. Diante desse quadro, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar como ocorre a inovação no setor público com base em casos de inovação premiados no Concurso de Inovação na Administração Pública Federal entre 2006 e 2010. É um trabalho de natureza qualitativa que utilizou o modelo de vetores de competências e características técnicas da inovação em serviços para analisar o conjunto de 30 casos de inovação. Os casos foram organizados em três grupos para serem analisados. Os resultados apontam que dois desses grupos apresentaram inovação radical, processo pelo qual a inovação representa a criação de um novo conjunto de características expressas em um produto totalmente novo; e um grupo apresentou inovação incremental, pelo fato de demonstrar substituição de características no serviço, mas não uma mudança na estrutura geral do sistema. Como lacuna, aponta-se que a análise foi feita à luz da inovação em serviços pela ausência de referências em administração pública. Sugerem-se estudos que descrevam mudanças nos vetores e identifiquem indutores e inibidores das inovações.

Argumentation update in YALLA (Yet Another Logic Language for Argumentation)

This article proposes a complete framework for handling the dynamics of an abstract argumentation system. This frame can encompass several belief bases under the form of several argumentation systems, more precisely it is possible to express and study how an agent who has her own argumentation system can interact on a target argumentation system (that may represent a state of knowledge at a given stage of a debate). The two argumentation systems are defined inside a reference argumentation system called the universe which constitutes a kind of “common language”. This paper establishes three main results. First, we show that change in argumentation in such a framework can be seen as a particular case of belief update. Second, we have introduced a new logical language called YALLA in which the structure of an argumentation system can be encoded, enabling to express all the basic notions of argumentation theory (defense, conflict-freeness, extensions) by formulae of YALLA. Third, due to previous works about dynamics in argumentation we have been in position to provide a set of new properties that are specific for argumentation update.

Editorial: Abstract Mathematical Cognition.

Editorial: Abstract Mathematical Cognition.

Estimated thermodynamic properties of NaFeS2 and erdite (NaFeS2:2H2O)

The main by-products of a lead-recovery process from waste are scoriaceous sodium–iron sulphides, whose storage is problematic due to their great reactivity with air and water. The objective of this work was to complete thermodynamic databases with a totally new set of properties for the two major components: NaFeS2 and erdite (NaFeS2:2H2O). The solubility product of erdite was measured at 20°C in a batch reactor. It is −38.0±0.3 when the reaction is written as a function of the predominant species at the experimental conditions: NaFeS2:2H2O+0.5H2O=HFeO2-+1.875HS-+0.125SO4=+Na++2.125H+.The resulting standard Gibbs free energy of formation of erdite from elements is −809.76kJ/mol at 25°C and 1bar. An original calculation procedure, relying on a combination of different theoretical models, then allowed the determination of the standard Gibbs free energies of formation of NaFeS2 and of the water of hydration for transforming NaFeS2 into erdite. At 25°C and 1bar, they are −322.85 and −243.46kJ/mol respectively. The other standard thermodynamic properties (enthalpy, entropy, and heat capacity) of erdite are −922.04kJ/mol, 232.6J/(molK) and 175.7J/(molK), respectively. For NaFeS2, they are −331.33kJ/mol, 114.3J/(molK) and 97.7J/(molK), respectively. For the water of hydration they are −295.36kJ/mol, 59.2J/(molK) and 39.0J/(molK), respectively.

Dielectric and Microwave Properties of Natural Rubber Based Composites Containing Fullerene Black

It is expected that filling a rubber with a small amount of fullerene could lead to a new set of properties, bringing to the composite advantages over the rubbers in use. In the present work, the dielectric and microwave properties of natural rubber (SMR10) based composites containing various concentration of fullerene black (0-7,5 phr), rich in fullerenes (7,5%) were investigated in the 1-12 GHz frequency range. It has been established that within the range used for the experiments the increasing frequency and fullerene filler amount lead to an increase in the values of relative dielectric permittivity, dielectric loss angle tangent, reflection coefficient and attenuation of electromagnetic waves, while the values for shielding effectiveness get lower. That is due to the fact that under the experimental conditions the change in the reflection coefficient is greater than that in the attenuation of electromagnetic waves. The dielectric properties of the composites (especially the dielectric loss angle tangent) are more affected by fullerene black filler than their microwave properties. Further change in the properties could also occur at higher concentrations of fullerene black but the cost of rubber compound would be much higher

Synthetic routes toward MOF nanomorphologies

As metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are coming of age, their structural diversity, exceptional porosity and inherent functionality need to be transferred into useful applications. Fashioning MOFs into various shapes and at the same time controlling their size constitute an essential step toward MOF-based devices. Moreover, downsizing MOFs to the nanoscale triggers a whole new set of properties distinguishing nanoMOFs from their bulk counterparts. Therefore, dimensionality-controlled miniaturization of MOFs enables the customised use of nanoMOFs for specific applications where suitable size and shape are key prerequisites. In this feature article we survey the burgeoning field of nanoscale MOF synthesis, ranging from classical protocols such as microemulsion synthesis all the way to microfluidic-based techniques and template-directed epitaxial growth schemes. Along these lines, we will fathom the feasibility of rationally designing specific MOF nanomorphologies—zero-, one- and two-dimensional nanostructures—and we will explore more complex “second-generation” nanostructures typically evolving from a high level of interfacial control. As a recurring theme, we will review recent advances made toward the understanding of nucleation and growth processes at the nanoscale, as such insights are expected to further push the borders of nanoMOF science.

Rewriting and suppressing UMLS terms for improved biomedical term identification

BackgroundIdentification of terms is essential for biomedical text mining.. We concentrate here on the use of vocabularies for term identification, specifically the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). To make the UMLS more suitable for biomedical text mining we implemented and evaluated nine term rewrite and eight term suppression rules. The rules rely on UMLS properties that have been identified in previous work by others, together with an additional set of new properties discovered by our group during our work with the UMLS. Our work complements the earlier work in that we measure the impact on the number of terms identified by the different rules on a MEDLINE corpus. The number of uniquely identified terms and their frequency in MEDLINE were computed before and after applying the rules. The 50 most frequently found terms together with a sample of 100 randomly selected terms were evaluated for every rule.ResultsFive of the nine rewrite rules were found to generate additional synonyms and spelling variants that correctly corresponded to the meaning of the original terms and seven out of the eight suppression rules were found to suppress only undesired terms. Using the five rewrite rules that passed our evaluation, we were able to identify 1,117,772 new occurrences of 14,784 rewritten terms in MEDLINE. Without the rewriting, we recognized 651,268 terms belonging to 397,414 concepts; with rewriting, we recognized 666,053 terms belonging to 410,823 concepts, which is an increase of 2.8% in the number of terms and an increase of 3.4% in the number of concepts recognized. Using the seven suppression rules, a total of 257,118 undesired terms were suppressed in the UMLS, notably decreasing its size. 7,397 terms were suppressed in the corpus.ConclusionsWe recommend applying the five rewrite rules and seven suppression rules that passed our evaluation when the UMLS is to be used for biomedical term identification in MEDLINE. A software tool to apply these rules to the UMLS is freely available at http://biosemantics.org/casper.

Allocating Costs in a Collaborative Transportation Procurement Network

We study a logistics network in which shippers collaborate and bundle their shipment requests to negotiate better rates with a common carrier. In this setting, shippers can identify collaborative routes with decreased overall empty truck movements. After the optimal routes that minimize total cost of covering all the shippers' demands are determined, this cost is allocated among the shippers. Our goal is to devise cost-allocation mechanisms that ensure the sustainability of the collaboration. We first develop cost-allocation mechanisms with well-known properties from the cooperative game theory literature, such as budget balance, stability, and cross-monotonicity. Next, we define a set of new properties, such as a guaranteed discount from the standalone cost for each shipper, desirable in our setting, and propose several cost-allocation schemes that could lead to implementable solutions. We also perform a computational study on randomly generated and real-life data to derive insights on the performance of the developed allocation schemes.