New Rhetoric Research Articles

Totalitarian and Democratic Rhetoric as an Indicator of the Relations of Power in the Contemporary Information Society

The article is devoted to study of totalitarian and democratic types of rhetoric. The classical dichotomy of rhetorical influence has been discovered: monologic use of rhetoric as a verbal weapon through propaganda, demagoguery, populism, creation of the image of an enemy, division of society (totalitarian type of rhetoric) and dialogical use of rhetoric as consolidating communication, truth-seeking, social consent and understanding (democratic type of rhetoric). It is shown that the trigger of democratic and totalitarian regimes is the existential of freedom. The active influence of the postmodern rhetoric of the information age in its performativity in the acquisition of snack culture is determined, which significantly strengthens the manipulative strategies. Totalitarian tendencies of digital rhetoric are found in information warfare technologies (network trolling, mobbing, hype, hatering, holy waring, click-baiting, sockpuppeting), in the processes of censorship, ambivalence and negativism of information, spreading fake news, igniting conflicts in mass media. Militarization of vocabulary and spread of obscene language in ordinary communication as factors of compensatory aggression of the population, the danger of excessive information transparency of people’s private lives are noted. Democratism of the digital rhetoric is manifested in such phenomena as the direct creation of e-democracy, access of citizens to e-voting, e-services, e-petitions, overcoming digital inequality, the ability to communicate with officials and public officers live on TV and radio, in social networks. Democratic principles of rhetoric, especially in Ukraine as a state of “transitional democracy” should be supported by quality education, fostering critical thinking and activity of civil society.

Forced Secularization and Postmodern Discourses within Contemporary Performance: Weaponizing Multicultural Rhetoric to Ratify Asymmetries among Dance Practitioners

In the context of the multicultural and postmodern rhetoric of contemporary art festivals, we examine a case study in which the Hungarian choreographer Eszter Salamon appropriates Mapuche practices—the kawell tayil and the choike purrún—in her piece Monument 0.6: Landing (A Ritual of Empathy) (2017). We analyze the discursive and embodied dimensions of this borrowing and its harmful consequences for indigenous communities. We show how the postmodern values of secular art institutions and the legal limitations to protect indigenous ritual expressions contribute to these dynamics. Adopting an optimistic stance, we outline criteria for curatorial practices that could prevent further misuses of indigenous culture.

ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY CLOSE ENCOUNTERS OF THE THIRD KIND

Art and archaeology have a growing interaction, which is expressed mainly in displaying the material culture of ancient civilizations. The post-modernist concept suggests that art is for everyone. Likewise, archaeologists recognize the idea that archaeological narratives are supposed to be everyone to understand and enjoy. Today, many museum displays and special exhibitions consist of contemporary design features of art. The technology-driven exhibition techniques applied in the “Curious Case of Çatalhöyük” exhibition and Göbeklitepe Animation Center to increase the perception of visitors establish the basis of the study. The paper examines the backgrounds of the relation between two disciplines by “digging” up the history of archaeological theories and analyzing main art movements corresponding to a period from Dadaism to contemporary art. Archaeological storytelling of history and culture using post-modern rhetoric is defined as the “close encounter.” The interactive display provides new directions in the visual reconstructions of past societies. We proposed that the Çatalhöyük exhibition and Göbeklitepe Animation Center are among the best examples of the new approach for presentation in archaeology.

Социальный конструктивизм: сущность, истоки, версии конструктивистского подхода к знанию

Introduction. Starting from R. Merton’s pioneer works, social studies of science have been a major part of Western intellectual and scientific life. The total number of periodicals on the subject, that is over 20, illustrates the point best. Meanwhile Russian social studies of science are far less intensive. Moreover Western studies of social constructivist type still haven’t received sufficient coverage in Russian scientific literature. Our article is an attempt to somewhat reverse the situation. The aim of the article is to analyze social constructivism evolution in the English speaking countries starting from Berger and Luckmann’s seminal work “The Social Construction of Reality” in 1966; to classify social constructivist versions of science together with their most prominent traits. Methods. When considering the problem, the author uses Y. Hacking’s schematic definition of social construction, P. Kitcher’s scheme of “socio-historical cluster” and M. Baghramian’s “objectivist conception of science”. Scientific novelty of the research. The analysis provides reasons for social constructivism popularity during the “science wars”; specifies social ontology and epistemic status of scientific knowledge in moderate versions of social constructivism; specifies some discourse peculiarities of radical versions of social constructivism (the consequence of somewhat unusual reception of continental tradition) and its view of the science. Results. The basic results are: a) certain convergence of ontological positions in analytic and moderate versions of social constructivist type, b) controversial issues of social (historical) approach to scientific explanation and c) controversial issues of postmodern rhetoric in radical versions. Conclusions. Social studies of science play an important role in science and society, the critical comments towards social constructivist versions notwithstanding.

Utopie postcoloniali: Small Island di Andrea Levy

Postcolonial utopia is a notion only recently explored, connecting the original meaning of utopia as a literary genre concerned with hope for a better world to contemporary postimperial conditions. This article reads Andrea Levy’s successful novel Small Island (2004) as a postcolonial utopia. The interaction of stories Small Island develops mirrors the rise of postwar multiracial and multicultural Britain. Levy’s work conveys a counternarrative reshaping the relationships between colonizers and colonized, black and white subjectivities in the context of Caribbean migrations to the United Kingdom, and, ultimately, reconfigures Britain’s hybrid identity itself. The plot oscillates between 1924 and 1948 and moves across multiple geographical locations: London, rural England, Jamaica, India and the United States. Small Island follows the interwoven stories of Gilbert Joseph, a black Jamaican who joins the RAF during the Second World War and in 1948 arrives in London as an immigrant aboard the Windrush, Hortense Roberts, his Jamaican wife, Queenie Bligh, their white landlady, and Bernard, Queenie’s English husband. The first-person narratives of the four protagonists overlap and intersect; Queenie’s house in Nevern Street, a space shared by the migrants and the English, becomes the point of convergence of multiple, interrelated experiences and, finally, the place of the conception and birth of a mixed-race baby. Queenie’s lodgings represent the re-conceptualization of the British nation as a whole as a utopian site. The “happy ending” suggesting the centrality of a hybrid family structure thanks to a deep solidarity between whites and blacks seems to overcome racial discrimination and cultural and emotional dislocation, and to create a new rhetoric of national belonging

Chaim Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca: Introduction

Chaim Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca: Introduction

A quem se dirigem os oradores no discurso jurídico? O auditório na construção de argumentos de defesa e acusação sobre o assassinato de uma adolescente

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a noção de auditório e sua aplicação em discursos jurídicos, com base nas perspectivas teóricas da Nova Retórica (PERELMAN; OLBRECHTS-TYTECA, 2014) e da abordagem dialógica da linguagem (BAKHTIN/VOLOCHINOV, 2012). O corpus é constituído por discursos de acusação e defesa, que são partes constituintes de um processo criminal sobre o assassinato da adolescente Francisca do Socorro, no ano de 1943, na cidade de Milagres/CE. Nos discursos, observamos que os diálogos se efetivam mais direcionados ao auditório social/particular (BAKHTIN/ PERELMAN), pois cada orador apresenta teses, às vezes opostas, direcionadas aos envolvidos no julgamento.

Archeologia e Web 2.0. Verità e dinamiche di potere nell’era digitale

The development of new media for use as tools to collect, register and create data has opened innovative and original mediascapes where several forces are involved in an effort to provide a historical explanation of the past. Augmented reality is not a simple virtual object but is also a historical fact, which has modified the offline world. The huge amount of data poured into cyberspace have multiplied the actors involved in the construction of historical and archaeological interpretations and produced different discourses in competition with each other about the past. The ‘democratization’ of knowledge conveyed by the web has opened new semantic spaces and challenged the old rules about authority of knowledge. Today, archaeology must deal with the logic inherent in these new rhetoric spaces and with its particular way of making discourse about the past through the web.

The Rhetoric Imaginary of the Postmodern Discursiveness

ABSTRACT: This paper underlines the relationship between rhetoric and postmodernism. In lack of (and in spite of) a unique definition, postmodernism is seldom described as a non-centred set of rhetorical, critical and discursive practices; rhetoric offers a fertile frame for the interpretation of postmodernism. In my approach, I analyze both the type of rhetoric through which we can grasp the current of postmodernism (the rhetoric of postmodernism) and the use of rhetoric inside the postmodern discursiveness (postmodern rhetoric). The former was born out of its relationship with modernism and from this standpoint I am interested in investigating the rhetorical relevance of themes such as rupture, continuity, palimpsest, anamnesis, incompleteness. The latter is discussed mainly by focusing on the effects of the repositioning of rhetoric in postmodernism. These analyses create a cluster of motifs that constitute the nucleus of the contemporary rhetoric imaginary.

The Open Government Data Policy as a Strategic Use of Information to Entrench Neoliberalism? The Case of Italy

The philosophy of Open Government provides a new paradigm of innovation in public admin-istration built around three key words: transparency, participation and collaboration. Greater transparency of information about the PA and its way of working should help to regain public confidence in the institu-tions, motivating people to take a more active part in decision making processes. It should also encourage them to support the institutions by inputting their own knowledge and abilities, consequently engendering a widespread spirit of collaboration between different public authorities and between them and the pub-lic, businesses and non profit organisations, in order to relaunching the economic value of the Public Sec-tor Information (Huijboom, Van den Broek, 2011). The hypothesis behind this contribution, starting from an approach based on an interpretation of significant elements in public action (Moini 2013) and of their conceptual framework (Fischer 2003), is that through which open government, open data, social media, collective intelligence, and connectivity are key words in a new rhetoric of administrative innovation - summed up in the label ‘’government 2.0’’ - which refers to a form of public action easily seen to be drawn from the neoliberal paradigm (Jessop, 2002), even though subject to some variegated form at na-tional level

Book Review: Language Curriculum Design and Socialisation

This book introduces a new trend in curriculum design and it is based on a novel concept of ‘text’, which is adopted from Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). SFL defines ‘text’ as ‘naturally occurring language use with social functions’ (Hasan, 2014, p.7). Although text occurs in space and time, it is not in the boundary of spatio-temporal dimensions per se. Its importance lies in its function for social practices, where language and action intertwine with each other to accomplish a specific type of social activity (Hasan, 2014). Besides, text is the initial stage in linguistic system, where different forms of language realises (Halliday, 1991; Hasan, 2014). Peter deploys this concept in proposing a curriculum design which is also in close affinity with the notion of genre in North American composition studies, New Rhetoric (NR). The NR holds that the emergence of genre is the result of repeated social actions in particular situations which in turn ends in specific form and content (Bazerman, 1988, Devitt, 2004; Miller, 1984). Freedman and Medway (1994) support that NR genre theorists aim to unite linguistic similarities to the domain of human activities which take place regularly. Paltridge (2001) also states that genre studies in the NR put emphasis on the relationship between text, context, and the actions that genres fulfil within particular contexts. My understanding is that such a notion of genre is compatible with SFL notion of text for social practices, whereby the discourse types are intertwined to a wider socio-cultural understanding of language in use.

A régi-új retorika és a törvényszéki szónoklás

A régi-új retorika és a törvényszéki szónoklás

Ideologia come architettura. Manfredo Tafuri e la storia critica

The history of architecture is not a linear one, it is rather a fragmented track, a tangle made of different paths, studded by many “provisional buildings”. It is a historical space in which crisis becomes a project of transformation. Starting from these premises, the article analyses the foundations of Manfredo Tafuri’s thought, one of the few historians of architecture who confronts himself, without hesitation, with artistic avant-gardes and with those ideologies that underlie many utopias of the Twentieth century. What is at stake is the definition of modernity, starting with the politics of space. Tafuri articulates in advance a critique, that would have developed in the following years, both of the architect as the ideologist of the and of the post-modern rhetoric of the overcoming of great narrations. However, he did not came to a new and revisited realism. According to Tafuri, the city and the metropolis are obviously the places of political and social contradictions, but they are also the fields where critique can go beyond itself, beyond the disciplinary borders of architecture, of sociology, of semantics.

Persuasão: o componente pragmático da argumentação

A publicação do Tratado da Argumentação: a nova retórica, em 1958, costuma suscitar, entre os adeptos dos estudos em argumentação, uma aproximação com a retórica de pensadores que vão de Corax e Tisias a Aristóteles e Quintiliano. Esse tipo de associação revela a temerária tendência para o entendimento de que a teoria erigida por Perelman constitui uma reconstrução da retórica aristotélica. Inicialmente, cumpre destacar que os campos de aplicação são efetivamente distintos. Ante ao estreito vínculo entre a retórica e a eloquência, que demarca os caracteres próprios da retórica na antiguidade, precisamos verificar que a nova retórica incorpora elementos da elaboração argumentativa - e, por conseguinte, do produto textual - que outrora não eram contemplados pelo campo retórico. Mesmo a Nova Retórica, jovem senhora sexagenária, não mais constitui um referencial para aquele que pretende irromper na árdua tarefa de analisar peças argumentativas. Tampouco a Novíssima Retórica, insculpida nas teorias sociojurídicas de Boaventura Sousa Santos, contempla os ambientes e modelos cognitivos próprios do atual contexto. As estratégias de persuasão, no mundo contemporâneo, ganharam contornos tão diferenciados, que pouco se parecem com aquelas indicadas em clássicos que se detiveram na tarefa de descrevê-las, como Aristóteles e Schopenhauer, por exemplo. Nossa abordagem, neste pequeno trabalho, restringe-se a contemplar o componente pragmático da argumentação a persuasão para configurar a existência de uma Nuper-retórica, capaz de contemplar o(s) ambiente(s) (preponderantemente) persuasivo(s) e a elaboração das peças argumentativas.

Academic and professional genre variation across four disciplines: exploring the PUCV-2006 corpus of written Spanish

The elusive concepts underlying the word genre offer different alternative conceptions. This may produce confusions but identifying the theoretical frameworks help in understanding the possible preliminary doubts of the novice. Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), New Rhetoric (NR), Semiolinguistics (SL), Communicative Procedural Text Linguistics (CPL), Interdisciplinary Text Linguistics (ITL), and Genre Analysis (GA), among others, are all theoretical propositions that represent options to be explored. In this paper, a discussion of the contemporary conceptions of discourse genre will be presented. My own perspective will also be a particular focus, but with special emphasis on findings from empirical data. The research is based upon the largest available on-line corpus (58 million words) of written specialized Spanish on four disciplines: Psychology, Social Work, Industrial Chemistry, and Construction Engineering. The corpus was collected in one Chilean university and the corresponding professional settings. The corpus description shows that access to disciplinary knowledge is constructed through a varying repertoire of written genres depending on disciplinary domain and on academic or professional field. Psycholinguistic and educational implications are advanced in relation to knowledge acquisition, discourse genres and reading comprehension.

On Comparative Literature in Korea

On Comparative Literature in Korea Chon Young-Ae Regarding Comparative Literature in Korea, it would be best to say that it’s still growing and gradually moving away from its dependence on foreign influence. The origin of Comparative Literature in Korea may be found in the reception of world literature—the majority of which was Western literature—in the fifties and sixties. World literature served to fill the cultural vacuum following the colonial period and the Korean War. At that time, two publishing houses created series of world classics, which consisted of more than a hundred works from the traditional world literary canon. The concept of Comparative Literature was introduced in the 1950s as a natural development of the increased availability of world (Western) literature. Let me attempt to contextualize this process: Koreans take great pride in over 5,000 years of history and tradition. But they have also experienced a short painful tabula rasa through the rupture of tradition during the colonial and war periods. After the war, Korea grew rapidly in terms of economic development. Korean scholars endeavored to fill the spiritual vacuum left by its rapid economic growth. This movement sometimes brought about a hasty reception of Western culture. The Korean Comparative Literature Association ( kcla ), founded in 1959, currently has about 500 members. The association consists of scholars from diverse disciplines of national and foreign literature. Scholars of Korean, English, German, French, Spanish, Japanese, and Chinese literature all participate in the association. Comparative literature is practiced mainly by scholars who bring their expertise in national literatures to bear on their interest in Comparative Studies. Recently, there are more formally trained comparatists, many of whom studied Comparative Literature in Europe and in the United States. The annual conferences of the kcla take place twice a year, providing an opportunity for scholars from all over Korea to meet. The kcla also produces a journal that is published three times a year. Its articles cover a wide variety of topics, including comparisons of national and foreign literary works, research on translated works, and comparisons between literary works and other art forms. Currently, applications of the new theoretical methods to Korean literary works are particularly popular. The journal also provides a forum for gender and postcolonial studies. A few titles from the latest volumes, 39 and 40 (2006), demonstrate the breadth and depth of Korean Comparative Literature. [End Page 25] The Open Motifs in Lyric: A Comparative Study of Sowol’s “Ummaya Nunaya” and Goethe’s “Wanderers Nachtlied” A Study on the Translations of Old Korean Poems—With a Special reference to The Grass Roof of Younghill Kang The Formation of National Identity in the Film “Welcome to Dongmakgol” The Postmodern Rhetoric in the Pre-1900 Korean Tales and Folklores (The Postmodern Rhetoric in Choonhyangjeon) A Comparative Study on Diderot’s and Zeami’s Acting Theory from a Deconstructionist Perspective The Comparative Study on Extramarital Affairs in the Works of Korean and Chinese Female Writers In short, Comparative Literature in Korea is interdisciplinary. It also serves as a crucial medium for enriching our own literary tradition. As a discipline at Korean universities, Comparative Literature has yet to be strongly established at an institutional level. On the undergraduate level, it exists in the form of comparative area studies, which mainly focus on East Asian culture. Currently there are five Comparative Literature graduate programs. These programs are sustained through interdisciplinary cooperation, as in the case of my own institution, Seoul National University. My colleagues and I in the German department, for example, offer the students the opportunity for research abroad. We are engaged along with our students of Comparative Literature in a very good partnership with the Comparative Literature Institute of the University of Munich. We regularly exchange students and colleagues for cooperative research, financially supported by the daad . Korea is in the process of opening itself energetically, perhaps even more than other countries, to the world. Korean scholarship in Comparative Literature can only benefit from this increased openness. [End Page 26] Chon Young-Ae Seoul National University Copyright © 2008 Southern Comparative Literature Association

The Promise of Reason: The New Rhetoric after 50 Years

The Promise of Reason: The New Rhetoric after 50 Years

Crossing the boundaries of genre studies: Commentaries by experts

The term genre has been interpreted in a variety of ways by experts from a number of traditions. Hyon, in her 1996 TESOL Quarterly article, separated genre theorists and practitioners into three camps: the Sydney School, based on the Systemic Functional Linguistics work of Halliday (1985), which has developed research and well-established pedagogies at a number of academic levels (see e.g., Christie, 1991; Feez, 2002); the English for Specific Purposes (ESP) camp, whose most famous exponent, John Swales, is internationally-recognized for Genre Analysis (1990) and ‘‘moves’’ in research article introductions; and The New Rhetoric (NR) group, principally North Americans, for whom genre knowledge has been considered to be primarily social, embedded in the community and context of writer and audience (See e.g., Freedman & Medway, 1994). In a simpler taxonomy, Flowerdew (2002) dichotomized genre theorists into linguistic and non-linguistic camps, claiming that

“The Wall in Our Minds?” Colonization, Integration, and Nostalgia

The Journal of Popular CultureVolume 39, Issue 5 p. 780-795 “The Wall in Our Minds?” Colonization, Integration, and Nostalgia JOSEPH F. JOZWIAK, JOSEPH F. JOZWIAK Texas A&M UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorELISABETH MERMANN, ELISABETH MERMANN Texas A&M UniversitySearch for more papers by this author JOSEPH F. JOZWIAK, JOSEPH F. JOZWIAK Texas A&M UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorELISABETH MERMANN, ELISABETH MERMANN Texas A&M UniversitySearch for more papers by this author First published: 08 September 2006 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3840.2006.00305.xCitations: 8 Joseph F. Jozwiak is an Associate Professor of political science at Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi where he teaches on comparative politics and international relations. He has published articles on European integration and environmental politics. Elisabeth Mermann is a Professor of English at Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi, where she teaches contemporary American literature and theory. She is author of Postmodern Vernaculars: Chicana Literature and Postmodern Rhetoric. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume39, Issue5October 2006Pages 780-795 RelatedInformation

Figuring rhetoric: From antistrophe to apostrophe through catastrophe

This essay explores rhetoric tropologically through various strophes: antistrophe, catastrophe, and apostrophe. Our purpose is to delineate problems and possibilities that these tropes pose for rhetoric in an effort to create new rhetorics. We seek to display the antistrophic and catastrophic figurations of rhetoric and then use visual lenses of photography and cinema to disrupt the figurations. Following the disruption, we seek to heighten sensibilities to other figurations, in particular an apostrophic figuration. We cast apostrophe as a figure for change because it marks a deeply felt turn toward difference and otherness. Turned as such, rhetoric becomes erotic.