New Method Of Diagnostics Research Articles

New method of diagnostics and surgical correction of hypo and a vitaminos “C”

New method of diagnostics and surgical correction of hypo and a vitaminos “C”

A New Method of Diagnostics of the Quality of Heavily Yb-Doped Laser Media

A new method of optical material diagnostics by measuring the heat release under illumination is proposed. Narrowband radiation triggers certain mechanisms of heating, while direct temperature measurement allows obtaining the amount of heat release in the medium. The mechanisms of heat production in heavily doped Yb:YAG crystals grown by different techniques are investigated using the new method. Thin-disk active elements made of such crystals are examined for lasing efficiency and heat sources under laser operation conditions. The experimental data on disk laser heating differ from the calculated ones. A non-radiative excitation decay is found to be a significant heat source in highly doped Yb:YAG active elements under intense pumping. It is caused by the upconversion process and impurities. The thin-disk active elements of higher purity crystals have greater lasing power and efficiency. The new method of diagnostics shows its efficiency and conformity with the lasing experiment and the data obtained from other sources.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ МЕТОДЫ ДИАГНОСТИКИ ТУБЕРКУЛЁЗНОГО МЕНИНГИТА СРЕДИ ДЕТСКОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ

Objective: To study the influence of new methods of diagnostics on the timeliness of the diagnosis verification for tuberculosis meningitis. Methods: 33 case histories of children were studied at aged 4-17 years with tuberculous meningitis who were hospitalized at the Children's Tuberculosis Hospital in Dushanbe from 2009 to 2017 years. The boys were 22 (66%), girls – 11 (34%); of the villagers – 24 (70.3%), the city – 11 (29.7%). Results: All sick children were identified by treatment in the first two weeks from the onset of the disease, with expressed clinical symptoms of meningitis. 16 (48.4%) of children were from foci of tuberculosis infection. In 23 (70%) children, there was no scar after vaccination with BCG. X-ray findings: all had local tuberculosis of the lungs, including 20 cases of miliary tuberculosis. Of the 20 patients with miliary tuberculosis, 6 (33.3%) had positive MTB in the sputum, 8 of the examined MTB were not microscopically detected in the liquor. When studying by molecular genetic method on XpertMTB/RIF, 9 (45%) of 20 patients were found in the sputum, and 4 (50%) of 8 examined in MTB were found in liquor. Of 4 MTB liquor positive, two were stable and two were sensitive to rifampicin. Conclusion: The molecular-genetic method of XpertMTB/RIF promotes an accelerated method of verifying the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis. Keywords: Tuberculous meningitis, express diagnostics, XpertMTB/RIF.

Professor Max Wilms: 150th anniversary of birth - in memoriam

The research activity of M. Wilms is characterized by diversity of its objects and breadth of breadth of its scope. A surgeon-oncologist, he is known to have devoted a number of his studies, to purely theoretical issues of Oncology. On the other hand, M. Wilms contributed to the development of clinical surgery and Oncology, offering a number of new methods of diagnostics and treatment of major forms of malignant tumors of the genital organs and kidney, making a significant contribution to the practice of world medicine. Classical studies of teratogenic tumors of the ovaries and testicles, mixed tumors, tumors of kidney belong to M. Wilms. The tumor described by M. Wilms in 1899 which is named after him is one of the most frequent malignancies in children usually occurring at the age of 2-5 years but which can also occur at any age, even in very old patients. In the same year his famous monograph “Mixed tissue tumor of the kidney” was published. In 1904 M. Wilms was awarded the title of Professor, and two years later he published his fundamental work “Intestinal obstruction – pathology and clinic” (1906), which brought M. Wilms fame and recognition among surgeons, oncologists and pathologists all over the world. M. Wilms also made contribution into pediatric surgery. In 1906 he proposed to classify the intussusception types, depending on the name of the colon which forms the intussusception head (the iliac colon, caecum, etc.). Analyzing the etiology of Hirschsprung's disease Max Wilms is known to have adhered to the theory of prolonged spasm of the anal canal and, consequently, to inception of secondary megacolon (1904). His assumptions he confirmed by performing manometric studies at the level of the anal canal of the rectum, and in the treatment he applied the method of anal bougienage. A talented scientist and teacher, demanding and fastidious towards himself and his disciples, Max Wilms published more than 130 research papers, of most of which he was the sole author.

Predicting the development of cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac conduction disorders in patients

The article is devoted to descriftion of the new method for diagnostics and predicting of the development of risk for development of cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac conduction disorders in patients by using of the computer system. For oftimization of the diagnostic and prevention of these pathologies in different health facilities (outpatient clinics, in-patient clinics)was developed a technology for the estimation of genetic risk and predicting in families by analysis of clinical, instrumental and genetic data. The process is automated by using the analytical software complex (computer system). The basis for the technology is the results of our multiyear researches to identify associations between the genetic polymorphisms and different cardiac conduction disorders. The article presents the possibilities of using the developed technology in clinical practice, the basic principles of work with the computer system.

Current project of management guidelines of the patients with nosocomial pneumonia in adults

The nosocomial pneumonia is one of the most (or just “is a”) common hospital infections complicating the disease course and resulting in a fatal outcome. In 2016 the revised version of “Russian national recommendations for Nosocomial pneumonia in adults” was published. The new methods of diagnostics, preventative measures and hospital pneumonia treatment were systematized there. The international association of clinical pharmacologists and pharmacists introduced the new information on the epidemiology of hospital infections as well as their sensitivity to antibacterial therapy, dosage and introduction regime. The current management guidelines of the patients with nosocomial pneumonia is based on these actual internationally recognized recommendations. It consists of an action algorithm to be used when the nosocomial pneumonia diagnosis is suspected and as tables which provide the tactics of treatment. It also helps to systematize the details of the anamneses, the data of functional and microbiological diagnostics and to develop an optimal scheme of empirical introduction of therapy and its further correction when necessary after receiving the results of microbiological diagnostics. The project is intended for physicians of internal medicine departments, emergency rooms in hospitals, as well as for resident medical practitioners. The quick introduction of management guideline algorithm of the patients with nosocomial pneumonia and the precise indication of the dose regime into clinical practice will allow doctors to decrease the death rate and improve the quality of medical service.

Прогнозирование развития нарушений сердечного ритма и проводимости у пациентов

The article is devoted to descriftion of the new method for diagnostics and predicting of the development of risk for development of cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac conduction disorders in patients by using of the computer system. For oftimization of the diagnostic and prevention of these pathologies in different health facilities (outpatient clinics, in-patient clinics)was developed a technology for the estimation of genetic risk and predicting in families by analysis of clinical, instrumental and genetic data. The process is automated by using the analytical software complex (computer system). The basis for the technology is the results of our multiyear researches to identify associations between the genetic polymorphisms and different cardiac conduction disorders. The article presents the possibilities of using the developed technology in clinical practice, the basic principles of work with the computer system.

ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC MARKERS OF CARDIOMYOCYTES’ ACTION POTENTIALS LENGTHENING IN THE BORDER ZONE OF ISCHEMIA (EXPERIMENTAL AND MODEL STUDY)

Background : Ventricular fibrillation within the first 5 min of reperfusion was observed in the animals with lengthening but not shortening of action potential duration (APD) in the border zone of ischemia. Objective : The objective of the study was to find the electrocardiographic manifestations of the APD changes in the border zone of ischemia as the markers of ventricular fibrillation. Design and methods : The simulations were carried out using the model of the cat heart ventricles. To simulate the ischemia, we decreased activation velocity and modified the durations and the amplitudes of action potentials. Results : The simulations showed that APD’s increase in the border zone of ischemia was detectable in the ECG leads most proximal to the heart (V2,V3). It was manifested by the T-wave lengthening and the change of its polarity in the terminal period of repolarization. The similar T-wave features were observed in the electrograms of cats with the reperfusion ventricular fibrillation Conclusion : The simulation data can be useful for the development of new methods of diagnostics of the most dangerous types of ischemia associated with ventricular fibrillation.

АНТИОКСИДАНТНЫЙ СТАТУС ПРИ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ПОДТИПАХ ИШЕМИЧЕСКОГО ИНСУЛЬТА В ОСТРЫЙ ПЕРИОД ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ

The aim of the study was to detect significant biochemical changes in antioxidant status during acute period of ischemic stroke in its various pathogenic subtypes in patients aged 45–74years. The most important results were blood levels of ascorbic acid, malondialdehyde and free/ oxidized glutathione ratio. Cardioembolic stroke was associated with: the reduced ascorbic acid level of 62–74% comparable to control group; 5-times increased malondialdehyde level at the end of the first week of the disease; and also 50% decreasing of cell antioxidant capacity comparable to control group and other stroke subtypes. In lacunary stroke minimal changes in antioxidant status were measured, possibly because of small size of brain damage. Positive clinical dynamics was followed by decreasing of free glutathione levels. It could be related with its previous significant expenditure in process of cell recovery in penumbra area. In case of favorable outcome all of the markers return to the levels which were comparable to control group. The differences in the dynam-ics of the cells antioxidant capacity and consumption of native antioxidants, the time from the onset of the disease, the severity of the clinical picture, depending on the stroke subtype, were revealed. Further research of this problem may help to create new methods of diagnostics and selective pharmacological correction of this pathology.

ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ РАЗРАБОТКИ ДЛЯ ДИАГНОСТИКИ И ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЙ И ПОРАЖЕНИЙ ОПОРНО-ДВИГАТЕЛЬНОГО АППАРАТА В ИНЦХТ (К 70-ЛЕТНЕМУ ЮБИЛЕЮ НИИТО)

The article summarizes experience and achievements of Irkutsk Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics (now – Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and Traumatology) over a 70-year period. The development of new methods of diagnostics and treatment and organization of health care for patients with traumatological and orthopedic pathology are highly influenced by the Institute. The team of Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and Trau-matology developed a new promising direction of combined tension-band osteosynthesis, substantiated organ-sparing endoprosthesis replacement, created new technologies of treatment of chronic osteomyelitis, developed concept of treat-ment of spinal trauma and spinal cord injuries, determined regularities of cross-system organization of physiological functions at the musculoskeletal system pathology, created original technologies and instruments for the treatment of musculoskeletal system traumas and disorders.Innovations created in ISCST include 330 patents. Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and Traumatology was awarded Governor’s Award in Science and Technics for the development and introduction in clinical medicine of new diagnostic and treatment methods and of candidate medicines in 2012 and 2013.

Laser-advanced new methods for diagnostics and therapeutics

Laser-advanced new methods for diagnostics and therapeutics

PREDICTION OF RISK FACTORS OF LATERAL LYMPH NODE METASTASIS IN RECTAL CANCER

Standard methods of diagnostics haven't got a proper sensitivity and specificity concerning assessment of regional nodal involvement in case of rectal cancer. Therefore it is necessary to look for new method of diagnostics, detect risk factors and unfavorable prognosis in relation to lateral lymph node metastasis. At the same time, there should be a differentiated approach to the choice of therapeutic management in rectal cancer. Investigation of variability of blood supply of the rectum could be an additional method of diagnostics in rectal cancer.

Volume, structure and funding of specialized outpatient care at the outpatient Advisory Department of Mariinskaya hospital

With the development of technologies, and discovery of new methods of diagnostics and treatment of diseases, a shift of the disease towards chronic disease is observed. Growth in prosperity will increase average life expectancy and mean age of population. Year after year, the elderly sector grows, with several chronic diseases per person. This is especially true for St. Petersburg, where 25 % of the populations of over working age. Thus, the demand for specialized medical care, particularly outpatient, will increase. Given that outpatient care is more profitable than hospital care, particular attention should be paid to its organization and expansion (increase in area, number of personnel, logistics, and so on). The article attempts to analyze changes in the volume of specialized outpatient medical care delivered at the outpatient Advisory Department of St. Petersburg state establishment of healthcare Mariinsky hospital in the period from 2008 through 2013.

Current issues and prospects for improvement of postgraduate education for pediatricians

Postgraduate medical education is an important and necessary component of improving the quality of training and professional development. The Pediatric Refresher Courses provide an opportunity for health care professionals to learn about new methods of diagnostics and treatment of different diseases. It is especially relevant nowadays when significant discoveries in medical science are being made and pharmacy is continuously developing. The Department of Children Diseases of the Faculty of Postgraduate Medical Education IFNMU offers postgraduate medical training for doctors in internship, master’s degree, residency and clinical residency in Pediatrics and further training course. Diverse approaches to teaching by using the latest technologies are being introduced continuously to provide affordable and high-quality postgraduate education. It promotes the continuous professional growth for physicians.

Endothelial signaling molecules in the development of age-associated diseases

Data on endothelial signaling molecules involved in homeostasis regulation and development of age-associated disorders are summarized. Regulation of the endothelium function is implemented by a system of signaling molecules: NO, NO synthase, prostacyclin, thrombomodulin, thromboxane, antithrombin, endothelins, fibronectin, von Willebrand factor, etc. Changes in their synthesis can cause arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and other age-related disorders. Study of the molecular mechanisms mediating endothelial functioning is essential for developing new methods of diagnostics and a treatment for age-associated cardiovascular diseases.

LASER World of PHOTONICS – DGLM Application Panel: Laser-advanced new methods for diagnostics and therapeutics

Article LASER World of PHOTONICS – DGLM Application Panel: Laser-advanced new methods for diagnostics and therapeutics was published on August 1, 2015 in the journal Photonics & Lasers in Medicine (volume 4, issue 3).

LASER World of PHOTONICS – DGLM Application Panel: Laser-advanced new methods for diagnostics and therapeutics

LASER World of PHOTONICS – DGLM Application Panel: Laser-advanced new methods for diagnostics and therapeutics

LASER World of PHOTONICS – DGLM Application Panel: Laser-advanced new methods for diagnostics and therapeutics

LASER World of PHOTONICS – DGLM Application Panel: Laser-advanced new methods for diagnostics and therapeutics

Integrins: players in cancer progression and targets in cancer therapy.

Integrins are a large family of cell surface receptors that bind extracellular matrix proteins. The interaction of integrins with extracellular matrix activates a number of intracellular signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, and other essential cell functions. Integrins are critically important to both health and disease. In this review, we first describe the structure, functions, and signaling characteristics of integrins. We then discuss the roles of integrins in cancer progression. Finally, we recapitulate the laboratory and clinical efforts of targeting integrins as effective means of cancer therapy and diagnosis. This comprehensive review could help scientists and clinicians gain a complete understanding of integrins. It could also contribute toward the development of new drugs, new methods of diagnostics, and new treatment of cancers to benefit the patients in clinical practice.

Electrization of a wet steam flow and its influence on reliability and efficiency of turbines

Results of research into electrization of a moist steam flow are presented. The basic mechanisms of formation of electric charges and their influence on the reliability and the efficiency of a turbine are considered. The causes of the electrochemical corrosion of the blades are analyzed. The methods are developed to control thermal processes by artificial activation and deactivation of the charge density in the flow. A new method for diagnostics of coarse-dispersed moisture is proposed. Practical recommendations on how to increase the reliability and the output-input ratio of turbine units are presented and validated.