New Method For Detection Research Articles

Simultaneous location of two partial discharge sources in power transformers based on acoustic emission using the modified binary partial swarm optimisation algorithm

One of the main methods for partial discharge (PD) source localisation in power transformers is acoustic emission measurements. This study describes a new method for detection and location of two simultaneous partial discharge sources in three-phase power transformer. In this method, acoustic signals are detected by sensors first and are then denoised using a wavelet transform. Finally, the two PD sources are localised using the modified binary partial swarm optimisation (MBPSO) method. To prove the efficiency of the two simultaneous PD localisations, the proposed algorithm is used to localise PD sources of the arc furnace transformer at Isfahan's Mobarakeh steel company. For this purpose, the PD localisation problem converts to an optimisation problem. To prove the efficiency of the MBPSO algorithm, its performance is compared with a genetic algorithm. The PD localisation results confirm the efficiency of the proposed method for the detection and location of PD sources.

A new method for detection of five alternaria toxins in food matrices based on LC–APCI-MS

A new method for the detection of alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), altenuene (ALT), tentoxin (TEN), and tenuazonic acid (TeA), five alternaria toxins (ATs) was developed by liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry equipped with atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI). A single extraction was used to recover the five ATs by apple juices, beers, tomato sauces, olives and dried basil. Different Solid Phase Extractions (SPE) and clean-up were selected to optimise the purification step for each food matrix. Limits of detection and quantification were, respectively, in the range 0.16–12.31 and 0.54–41.04ngg−1. Recovery rates were generally above 70%, except for dried basil and olives. Thirty out of 70 samples analysed (7 apple juices, 14 beers and 9 tomato sauces) resulted positive to at least one alternaria toxin investigated. AOH was the most common AT (14 samples), followed by ALT (10 samples). The highest concentration of ATs was found in commercial apple juices (35.33ngg−1).

Classification of Power Quality Disturbances Using Wavelets and Support Vector Machine

In this paper we present a new method for detection and classification of power quality disturbances. Two discrete wavelet transforms with different wavelet filters are used in the feature extraction process. In this way we eliminate the problem of the selection of the most adequate wavelets in the current methods for classification of power quality disturbances. For the classification of the power disturbances we use a support vector machine. In order to reduce the computational cost of the proposed method, binary decision tree is created and a support vector machine classifier is trained for every node of the tree. The obtained experimental results show high accuracy of the proposed method.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.19.2.1213

New method for detection of gastric cancer by hyperspectral imaging: a pilot study

We developed a new, easy, and objective method to detect gastric cancer using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology combining spectroscopy and imaging A total of 16 gastroduodenal tumors removed by endoscopic resection or surgery from 14 patients at Yamaguchi University Hospital, Japan, were recorded using a hyperspectral camera (HSC) equipped with HSI technology Corrected spectral reflectance was obtained from 10 samples of normal mucosa and 10 samples of tumors for each case The 16 cases were divided into eight training cases (160 training samples) and eight test cases (160 test samples) We established a diagnostic algorithm with training samples and evaluated it with test samples Diagnostic capability of the algorithm for each tumor was validated, and enhancement of tumors by image processing using the HSC was evaluated The diagnostic algorithm used the 726-nm wavelength, with a cutoff point established from training samples The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates of the algorithm's diagnostic capability in the test samples were 78.8% (63/80), 92.5% (74/80), and 85.6% (137/160), respectively Tumors in HSC images of 13 (81.3%) cases were well enhanced by image processing Differences in spectral reflectance between tumors and normal mucosa suggested that tumors can be clearly distinguished from background mucosa with HSI technology.

Automation Highlights from the Literature

Automation Highlights from the Literature

Colorimetric detection of DNA damage by using hemin-graphene nanocomposites

A colorimetric method for detection of DNA damage was developed by using hemin-graphene nanosheets (H-GNs). H-GNs were skillfully synthesized by adsorping of hemin on graphene through π–π interactions. The as-prepared H-GNs possessed both the ability of graphene to differentiate the damage DNA from intact DNA and the catalytic action of hemin. The damaged DNA made H-GNs coagulated to different degrees from the intact DNA because there were different amount of negative charge exposed on their surface, which made a great impact on the solubility of H-GNs. As a result, the corresponding centrifugal supernatant of H-GNs solution showed different color in the presence of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and H2O2, which could be discriminated by naked eyes or by ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectrometer. Based on this, the damaged effects of styrene oxide (SO), NaAsO2 and UV radiation on DNA were studied. Results showed that SO exerted most serious damage effect on DNA although all of them damaged DNA seriously. The new method for detection of DNA damage showed good prospect in the evaluation of genotoxicity of new compounds, the maximum limit of pesticide residue, food additives, and so on, which is important in the fields of food science, pharmaceutical science and pesticide science.

Temperature-insensitive detection of low-concentration nanoparticles using a functionalized high-Q microcavity

The ability to detect nanoparticles in extremely dilute solutions in the presence of environmental noise is crucial for biosensing applications. In this paper we propose a scheme for detecting target nanoparticles through their scattering effects in a high-Q whispering gallery microcavity. The detection signal, defined as the total linewidth broadening of the two new split modes that appear upon nanoparticle adsorption, is highly sensitive and proportional to the nanoparticle concentration. Furthermore, this new method of detection eliminates the requirement for strict temperature control and is capable of distinguishing the signal from the biorecognitions (e.g., antibodies) initially attached to the resonator and that from the target nanoparticles (e.g., antigens).

ワモンゴキブリの改良型統計的リーチ特徴に基づく忌避行動計測手法

In recent years, researches on the habit of creature and its characteristic are widely treated based on the image observation. Especially, research of creature which transmits a pathogen is important. For instance, at Japan environmental sanitation center, evaluation experiment of medicine evasion to cockroach is conducted. Then, since the evaluation is done by human-eye observation, both of time cost and misidentification by human are problems. Then, in order to improve these problems, the method of creature observation which uses the image processing is one of key roles. Namely, development of method which automatically derives the action trajectory of creature and does creature observation quantitatively is important. In this paper, we introduce new method of detection of cockroach based on advanced statistical reach feature, and generate the action trajectory of cockroach. Further, through experiments we prove the effectiveness of our proposed method.

运动平台上时差变化率的相差检测

提出了一种利用机载短基线阵列，以及通过多通道相移测量获得时差变化率的新方法。由相差与时差定位方程即可解出基于相差检测的时差表示式，通过微分，并利用相移与频移间的函数关系即可得到仅基于相差检测的时差变化率。另一方面，如对测向公式进行微分运算，则又可得到仅基于频差检测的时差变化率。模拟计算验证了所导出的时差变化率测算公式都是正确性的。初步的误差分析说明，由于分母上具有量级很大的光速，故基于相差或频差的时差变化率的检测应具有较高的测量精度。新方法将能用于解决在机载平台上时差变化率难以实时检测的问题。 A new method for detection of time difference rate using short baseline array on airborne platform is presented by measuring the phase shift in multichannel way. The time difference expression based on phase difference measurement can be solved according to phase difference and time difference location equation. Further, the time difference rate based on phase difference measurement can be derived by differential and making use of the functional relationship between phase shift and Doppler shift. On the other hand, the time difference rate based on frequency difference measurement can be obtained if we do the differential analyzer for direction finding formula. The analog calculation validates that derived formula of time difference rate are all correct. The elementary error analysis shows that the measurement accuracy of time difference rate based on phase difference or frequency difference is higher for having the light velocity whose order of magnitude is enormous in denominator of formula. The major contribution in this paper is that the time difference rate on airborne platform can be in real time detected by phase interferometry with short-baseline array.

DNA Detection of Toxoplasma gondii with a Magnetic Molecular Beacon Probe via CdTe@Ni Quantum Dots as Energy Donor

A new method for detection of Toxoplasma gondii via DNA sensing technology was developed in this study. It was based on the mechanism of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in which multifunctional and magnetic‐fluorescent CdTe@Ni quantum dots (mQDs) were utilized as energy donor and a commercial BHQ2 as acceptor. The sensing probe was fabricated by labeling a stem‐loop Toxoplasma gondii DNA oligonucleotide with CdTe@Ni mQDs at the 5′ end and BHQ2 at 3′ end, respectively. The surface assembly of CdTe on Ni core and the formation of CdTe@Ni were confirmed by XRD analysis. The sizes of CdTe, Ni nanoparticles, and CdTe@Ni were measured via TEM and XRD methods and estimated to be ~3 nm, ~15 nm, and ~20 nm, respectively. The sensing ability was investigated by the fluorescence spectrum (FS). An obvious fluorescence recovery was observed when the complete complimentary target Toxoplasma gondii DNA was introduced, which did not happen in the case of the target DNA with one‐base pair mismatch. Our research indicates that the current sensing probe is sensitive and specific in detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA and has great potential in Toxoplasmosis diagnosis.

Improved Method for the Detection and Quantification ofNaegleria fowleriin Water and Sediment Using Immunomagnetic Separation and Real-Time PCR

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a rare and typically fatal infection caused by the thermophilic free-living ameba, Naegleria fowleri. In 2010, the first confirmed case of PAM acquired in Minnesota highlighted the need for improved detection and quantification methods in order to study the changing ecology of N. fowleri and to evaluate potential risk factors for increased exposure. An immunomagnetic separation (IMS) procedure and real-time PCR TaqMan assay were developed to recover and quantify N. fowleri in water and sediment samples. When one liter of lake water was seeded with N. fowleri strain CDC:V212, the method had an average recovery of 46% and detection limit of 14 amebas per liter of water. The method was then applied to sediment and water samples with unknown N. fowleri concentrations, resulting in positive direct detections by real-time PCR in 3 out of 16 samples and confirmation of N. fowleri culture in 6 of 16 samples. This study has resulted in a new method for detection and quantification of N. fowleri in water and sediment that should be a useful tool to facilitate studies of the physical, chemical, and biological factors associated with the presence and dynamics of N. fowleri in environmental systems.

New method for detection of Li inside He bubbles formed in B10-alloyed steel after neutron irradiation

Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) was used to detect and study the spatial distribution on the nanoscale of He and Li in boron-alloyed steel after neutron irradiation. Li and He are the products of the 10B(n, α)7Li nuclear transmutation reaction and knowledge of their distribution is important to understand their influence on mechanical properties. Here, a new method is presented for the direct detection of Li in Fe, which is based on the analysis of the plasmon structure in EELS spectra. Li drops or particles in He bubbles show pronounced Li plasmon line at 10eV which can be extracted from the Fe/Cr plasmon. The Gaussian or linear interpolation of the Fe/Cr plasmon and its subtraction allows for the calculation of Li and He two-dimensional maps and the study their spatial distribution. The analysis of Li plasmon fine structure allows imaging surface effects in the Li drops.

A serological method for detection of Nosema ceranae

We developed a new method for detection of the intracellular parasite, Nosema ceranae, one of the most economically devastating pathogens of the honeybee. The SWP-32 antibody was used for the development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We also compared the efficiency of this ELISA to microscopy and quantitative real-time (qRT) PCR, the methods currently in use. ELISA is comparable in sensitivity with the qRT-PCR, less expensive and faster. When this method is commercialized and made available to bee-keepers, it will allow them to make informed decisions for the application of in-hive chemicals. Hence, bee-keepers may be able to determine when treatments for control of N.ceranae are unnecessary and reduce the cost, time and possible side effects of these treatments. This assay provides the first serological method for detection of N.ceranae in bee colonies, which is as sensitive as DNA amplification. It can be easily adopted for both laboratory and field applications.

Universal Anion Detection by Replacement-Ion Chromatography with an Atmospheric-Pressure Solution-Cathode Glow Discharge Photometric Detector

A new method of detection for ion chromatography (IC) is described that couples replacement-ion chromatography (RIC) with an atmospheric-pressure solution-cathode glow discharge (SCGD). In the new instrument, a conventional suppressed IC arrangement is followed by a "replacement column" that consists of a cation-exchange micromembrane suppressor continuously regenerated with Li(2)SO(4). In this arrangement analytes are stoichiometrically converted to Li salts when they pass through the replacement column and are introduced into the SCGD, where they are detected indirectly by atomic emission spectrometry. Though found to be unsuitable for cation determinations, the SCGD-RIC instrument shows good repeatability (<3.5% peak area relative standard deviation), approximately 4 orders of linear dynamic range, universal calibration (similar molar sensitivity for anions of the same charge), and detection limits between 0.08 and 0.64 μg·mL(-1) (25-μL injection) for several mono- and divalent anions. Deviations from the universal calibration were also observed and are critically evaluated. Optimal operating conditions are described, analytical figures of merit are presented, and background sources present in the system are characterized and explained.

Toward detection of DNA-bound proteins using solid-state nanopores: insights from computer simulations.

Through all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we explore the use of nanopores in thin synthetic membranes for detection and identification of DNA binding proteins. Reproducing the setup of a typical experiment, we simulate electric field driven transport of DNA-bound proteins through nanopores smaller in diameter than the proteins. As model systems, we use restriction enzymes EcoRI and BamHI specifically and nonspecifically bound to a fragment of dsDNA, and streptavidin and NeutrAvidin proteins bound to dsDNA and ssDNA via a biotin linker. Our simulations elucidate the molecular mechanics of nanopore-induced rupture of a protein-DNA complex, the effective force applied to the DNA-protein bond by the electrophoretic force in a nanopore, and the role of DNA-surface interactions in the rupture process. We evaluate the ability of the nanopore ionic current and the local electrostatic potential measured by an embedded electrode to report capture of DNA, capture of a DNA-bound protein, and rupture of the DNA-protein bond. We find that changes in the strain on dsDNA can reveal the rupture of a protein-DNA complex by altering both the nanopore ionic current and the potential of the embedded electrode. Based on the results of our simulations, we suggest a new method for detection of DNA binding proteins that utilizes peeling of a nicked double strand under the electrophoretic force in a nanopore.

Filtration, adsorption and immunodetection of virus using polyelectrolyte multilayer-modified paper

A new method for detection of viruses has been developed. The entire assay can be performed within 2h, and consists of a polyelectrolyte-multilayer-modified cellulosic filter paper combined with immunodetection. The M13 bacteriophage was used as a model virus. A visual colour-based detection system, anti-M13 horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugate and 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), was selected to allow semi-quantitative assessment by human eye, or quantitative assessment using a digital scanner. By filtering a volume of 0.50ml, it was possible to visually detect a concentration of 106pfu/ml. The detection limit was improved to 5×104pfu/ml by increasing the volume of the sample to 100ml. For comparison, it was only possible to detect a concentration of 107pfu/ml using conventional sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with the same detection system.

Hybrid System for Robust Faces Detection

The automatic detection of faces is a very important problem. The effectiveness of biometric authentication based on face mainly depends on the method used to locate the face in the image. This paper presents a hybrid system for faces detection in unconstrained cases in which the illumination, pose, occlusion, and size of the face are uncontrolled. To do this, the new method of detection proposed in this paper is based primarily on a technique of automatic learning by using the decision of three neural networks, a technique of energy compaction by using the discrete cosine transform, and a technique of segmentation by the color of human skin. A whole of pictures (faces and no faces) are transformed to vectors of data which will be used for learning the neural networks to separate between the two classes. Discrete cosine transform is used to reduce the dimension of the vectors, to eliminate the redundancies of information, and to store only the useful information in a minimum number of coefficients while the segmentation is used to reduce the space of research in the image. The experimental results have shown that this hybridization of methods will give a very significant improvement of the rate of the recognition, quality of detection, and the time of execution.

New method for detection of shoulder movement during daily activity

New method for detection of shoulder movement during daily activity

Rapid detection and quantification of specific proteins by immunodepletion and microfluidic separation

Conventional immunoblotting techniques are labor intensive, time consuming and rely on the elution of target protein after depletion. Here we describe a new method for detection and quantification of proteins, independent of washing and elution. In this method, the target protein is first captured by immunodepletion with antibody-coated microbeads. In the second step, both the supernatant after immunodepletion and the untreated protein sample are directly analyzed by microfluidic electrophoresis without further processing. Subsequently, the detection and quantification are performed by comparing the electropherograms of these two samples. This method was tested using an Escherichia coli lysate with a FLAG-tagged protein and anti-FLAG magnetic beads. An incubation of as short as one min was sufficient for detectable depletion (66%) by microchip electrophoresis. Longer incubation (up to 60 min) resulted in more depletion of the target band (82%). Our results show that only 19% of the target is recovered after elution from the beads. By eliminating multiple wash and elution steps, our method is faster, less labor intensive, and highly reproducible. The target protein can still be easily identified even in the case of nonspecific binding at low concentrations. This work highlights the advantages of integrating immunodepletion techniques on a microfluidic platform.

Fast multi-spectral imaging technique for detection of circulating endothelial cells in human blood samples

The appearance of non-blood cells circulating in human peripheral bloodstream indicates an abnormal condition. One important category of these cells is circulating endothelial cells (CECs) shed by compromised blood vessels. Clinical applications that measure the blood level of CECs are hindered due to a lack of standardized instruments. The major challenge in detecting circulating non-blood cells is their extreme scarcity; 1 in 106 to 107. Described here is a new method for detection of rare cells in blood samples deposited on the adhesive microscopic slides and immunostained with distinct fluorescent markers. The key novelty of the proposed approach is an intelligent search principle and a dual-mode scanner to implement this principle. To begin, a fast scanning that uses a single beam is performed in the spectral channel where only rare cells produce florescence. Once a target cell is registered, the scanner switches on the imaging mode, auto-focuses and then records images in multiple spectral channels at the selected area. The instrument runs in repetitive cycles until the entire slide is scanned. The technology has been validated via detection of human umbilical vein endothelial cells spiked into human blood samples. In addition, the operational principle can be adapted for detection of other types of rare cells in blood.