New Method For Early Diagnosis Research Articles

Introducing a New Method for Early Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease

Introducing a New Method for Early Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease

Applications of OralCDx methodology in the diagnosis of oral leukoplakia

Objective: We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of the brush biopsy technique using OralCDx ® (OralScan Laboratories Inc., Suffern, NY) as a new method for early diagnosis and control of a “potentially malignant disorder” such as oral leukoplakia. Design of the study: We performed a study in which samples were taken using OralCDx ® on 24 patients who visited the Master of Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology of the University of Santiago de Compostela between February 2009 and May 2010. These patients presented clinical and histological lesions that were consistent with oral leukoplakia. We evaluated the relationship between the keratinization degree of the lesions and cell representation; the diagnosis obtained through OralCDx ® and biopsies; and sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). Results: 50% of patients were men and 50% women with an average age of 62.38 years. The Kappa coefficient relating keratinization of lesions and cell representation was 0.33, the OralCDx ® - biopsy diagnostic rate reached a Kappa value of 0.66, recording 72.7%,sensitivity and 92.3% specificity, PPV was 88.8%, while NPV reached 80%. Conclusions: cytology sampling with OralCDx ® showed high sensitivity and specificity values, which make it a good tool for monitoring oral leukoplakia, but nowadays the most reliable method that allows us to confirm the exact diagnosis of the lesions and their anatomical and pathological characteristics still is conventional biopsy using a surgical scalpel. Key words: OralCDx®, brush biopsy, oral leukoplakia.

Biofunctionalized magnetic nanoparticles for specifically detecting biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease in vitro.

Magnetic nanoparticles biofunctionalized with antibodies against β-amyloid-40 (Aβ-40) and Aβ-42, which are promising biomarkers related to Alzheimer's disease (AD), were synthesized. We characterized the size distribution, saturated magnetizations, and stability of the magnetic nanoparticles conjugated with anti-Aβ antibody. In combination with immunomagnetic reduction technology, it is demonstrated such biofunctionalized magnetic nanoparticles are able to label Aβs specifically. The ultralow-detection limits of assaying Aβs in vitro using the magnetic nanoparticles via immunomagnetic reduction are determined to a concentration of ∼10 ppt (10 pg/mL). Further, immunomagnetic reduction signals of Aβ-40 and Aβ-42 in human plasma from normal samples and AD patients were analyzed, and the results showed a significant difference between these two groups. These results show the feasibility of using magnetic nanoparticles with Aβs as reagents for assaying low-concentration Aβs through immunomagnetic reduction, and also provide a promising new method for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease from human blood plasma.

Infrared digital telethermography: a new method for early detection of varicocele

Besides physical examination, various traditional methods of examination are believed to have an important role in diagnosing varicocele. Infrared digital telethermography is presented as a new diagnostic tool for early presentation of varicocele.

An overview on applications of optical spectroscopy in cervical cancers

Despite advances in the treatment modalities, cervical cancers are one of the leading causes of cancer death among women. Pap smear and colposcopy are the existing screening methods and histopathology is the gold standard for diagnosis. However, these methods have been shown to be prone to reporting errors, which could be due to their subjective interpretation. Radiotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for the locally advanced stages of cervical cancers. The typical treatment regimen spans over 4 months, from the first fraction of radiation to clinical assessment of tumor response to radiotherapy. It is often noticed that due to intrinsic properties of tumors, patients with the same clinical stage and histological type respond differently to radiotherapy. Hence, there exists a need for the development of new methods for early diagnosis as well as for early prediction of tumor radioresponse. Optical spectroscopic methods have been shown to be potential alternatives for use in cancer diagnosis. In this review, we provide a brief background on the anatomy and histology of the uterine cervix and the etiology of cervical cancers; we briefly discuss the optical spectroscopic approach to cervical cancer diagnosis. A very brief discussion on radiation therapy and radiation resistance is also provided. We also share our experiences with the Raman spectroscopic methodologies in cervical cancer diagnosis as well as in the prediction of tumor radioresponse.

Genetic alterations in lung cancer: Assessing limitations in routine clinical use

Lung cancer is the most frequent cause of cancer mortality worldwide, responsible for approximately 1.1 million deaths per year. Median survival is short, both as most tumours are diagnosed at an advanced stage and because of the limited efficacy of available treatments. The development of tumour molecular gene- tics carries the promise of altering this state of affairs, as it should lead to a more precise classification of tumours, identify specific molecular targets for therapy and, above all, allow the development of new methods for early diagnosis. Despite numerous studies demonstrating the usefulness of molecular genetic techniques in the study of lung cancer, its routine clinical use in Portugal has, however, been limited. In this study, we used a p53 mutation screen in multi- ple clinical samples from a series of lung cancer patients to attempt to identify the main practical limitations to the integration of molecular genetics in routine clinical practice. Our results suggest that the main limiting factor is the availability of samples with good quality DNA; a problem that could be overcome by alterations in common sample collection and storage procedures.

Alterações genéticas no cancro do pulmão: Avaliação das limitações ao seu uso na rotina clínica

O cancro do pulmão é a causa mais frequente de mortalidade por cancro no mundo, sendo responsável por cerca de 1,1 milhões de mortes por ano. A sobrevivência média dos doentes é geralmente curta, por a doença se encontrar em estádios avançados na altura do diagnóstico, mas também devido à falta de eficácia dos tratamentos disponíveis. O advento da genética molecular dos tumores trouxe consigo a possibilidade de modificar esta situação, quer através do refinamento do diagnóstico, quer da identificação de alvos terapêuticos específicos, quer sobretudo por – pelo menos em teoria – permitir o diagnóstico precoce da doença. No entanto, e apesar de numerosos trabalhos terem já demonstrado a utilidade das técnicas da genética molecular no estudo do cancro do pulmão, o seu uso na rotina clínica em Portugal tem sido limitado. No presente estudo, utilizou-se a pesquisa de mutações no anti-oncogene p53 em amostras clínicas de doentes com diagnóstico de cancro do pulmão como método para identificar as dificuldades práticas à integração da genética molecular na rotina clínica. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o principal factor limitante a essa integração é a obtenção de amostras de ADN de qualidade, um problema que pode ser superado pela alteração das práticas correntes de recolha de amostras. Rev Port Pneumol 2007; XIII (1): 9-34 Lung cancer is the most frequent cause of cancer mortality worldwide, responsible for approximately 1.1 million deaths per year. Median survival is short, both as most tumours are diagnosed at an advanced stage and because of the limited efficacy of available treatments. The development of tumour molecular genetics carries the promise of altering this state of affairs, as it should lead to a more precise classification of tumours, identify specific molecular targets for therapy and, above all, allow the development of new methods for early diagnosis. Despite numerous studies demonstrating the usefulness of molecular genetic techniques in the study of lung cancer, its routine clinical use in Portugal has, however, been limited. In this study, we used a p53 mutation screen in multiple clinical samples from a series of lung cancer patients to attempt to identify the main practical limitations to the integration of molecular genetics in routine clinical practice. Our results suggest that the main limiting factor is the availability of samples with good quality DNA; a problem that could be overcome by alterations in common sample collection and storage procedures. Rev Port Pneumol 2007; XIII (1): 9-34

Characteristic genetic alterations in lung cancer.

Our understanding of the molecular pathology of lung cancer is advancing rapidly with several specific genes and chromosomal regions being identified. Lung cancer appears to require many mutations in both dominant and recessive oncogenes before they become invasive. Several genetic and epigenetic changes are common to all lung cancer histologic types, while others appear to be tumor-type specific. The identification of those specific genes undergoing such mutations and the sequence of cumulative changes that lead the neoplastic changes for each lung tumor histologic type remain to be fully elucidated. Recent findings in normal and preneoplastic bronchial epithelium from lung cancer patients and smoker subjects suggest that genetic changes may provide in this neoplasm new methods for early diagnosis, risk assessment, and for monitoring response to chemoprevention.

New methods for early diagnosis of lung cancer

The recent promising results with low-dose CT have stimulated the revival of the scientific discussion on screening for early lung cancer and mark the end of a significant period with lack of progress. At the same time positron emission tomography has quickly shown its value as a staging tool. Also new endobronchial techniques such as autofluorescence bronchoscopy and endobronchial ultrasonography have shown remarkably increased sensitivity when used by experienced hands. Cytopathological risk markers in sputum are being developed and it is expected that combinations of these new diagnostic methods will help to increase the identification of asymptomatic lung cancer patients and turn into better survival figures.

Early Diagnosis of Prostatic Carcinoma May Be Achieved through in vitro Culture of Tumor Cells Harvested by Prostatic Massage

As a new method for early diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma we succeeded in growing in vitro the epithelial cells which can be collected from prostatic fluid after rectal prostatic massage. We report here the updated and statistically analyzed series of data (174 patients) on this new approach, which allows all the harvested cells to express their biological features. The method reaches a sensitivity of 72-86% and a specificity of 88-100%. This noninvasive test, which is also suitable for mass screening, may be very useful for an early diagnosis of the neoplasm.

Lysogenicity of the strains of Vibrio cholerae, biotype eltor recently isolated in various countries.

Microbiology and ImmunologyVolume 25, Issue 6 p. 613-616 NoteFree Access Lysogenicity of the Strains of Vibrio cholerae, Biotype eltor Recently Isolated in Various Countries Makoto Ohashi, Makoto Ohashi Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Research Laboratory of Public Health, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160Search for more papers by this authorTakeshi Terayama, Takeshi Terayama Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Research Laboratory of Public Health, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160Search for more papers by this authorHiroshi Ushioda, Hiroshi Ushioda Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Research Laboratory of Public Health, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160Search for more papers by this authorYasuo Kudoh, Yasuo Kudoh Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Research Laboratory of Public Health, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160Search for more papers by this authorMasaaki Tsuno, Masaaki Tsuno Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Research Laboratory of Public Health, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160Search for more papers by this authorSenzo Sakai, Senzo Sakai Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Research Laboratory of Public Health, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160Search for more papers by this author Makoto Ohashi, Makoto Ohashi Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Research Laboratory of Public Health, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160Search for more papers by this authorTakeshi Terayama, Takeshi Terayama Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Research Laboratory of Public Health, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160Search for more papers by this authorHiroshi Ushioda, Hiroshi Ushioda Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Research Laboratory of Public Health, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160Search for more papers by this authorYasuo Kudoh, Yasuo Kudoh Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Research Laboratory of Public Health, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160Search for more papers by this authorMasaaki Tsuno, Masaaki Tsuno Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Research Laboratory of Public Health, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160Search for more papers by this authorSenzo Sakai, Senzo Sakai Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Research Laboratory of Public Health, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160Search for more papers by this author First published: June 1981 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1348-0421.1981.tb00063.xCitations: 5AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL REFERENCES 1Adams, M. H. 1959. Assay of phage by agar layer method, p. 450– 451. In Bacretiophage, Interscience, New York. 2Bockemühl, J., and Meinicke, D. 1976. Value of phage typing of Vibrio cholerae biotype eltor in West Africa. Bull. WHO 54: 187– 192. 3Chun, D., Chung, J. K., Lew, S. T., and Chang, M. W. 1970. Characteristics and antibiotic sensitivity of E1 Tor vibrio isolated from 1970 epidemic in Korea. J. Korean Med. Assoc. 13: 53– 58. 4Ohashi, M. 1980. Laboratory aspects on the cause of the cholera outbreak in Japan, originating from a public wedding hall, in 1978, p. 334– 345, In Proceedings of the Fifteenth Joint Conference on Cholera, US-Japan Cooperative Medical Science Program, Bethesda, 1979 (NIH Publication No. 80–2003), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda. 5Takeya, K., and Shimodori, S. 1963. “Prophage-typing” of E1 Tor vibrios. J. Bacteriol. 85: 957– 958. 6Takeya, K., Shimodori, S., and Zinnaka, Y. 1965. New method for early diagnosis of Celebes type E1 Tor vibrio carriers. J. Bacteriol. 90: 824– 825. 7Takeya, K., Zinnaka, Y., Shimodori, S., Nakayama, Y., Amako, K., and Iida, K. 1965. Lysogeny in E1 Tor vibrio, p. 24– 29. In Proceedings of the cholera research symposium, 1965, Honolulu, Hawaii, US Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 8Takeya, K., Shimodori, S., and Zinnaka, Y. 1967. Studies of kappa-type phage, p. 61– 66. In Proceedings of the Symposium on cholera, US-Japan Cooperative Medical Science Program, Palo Alto, 1967, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda. 9Zinnaka, Y., Oshikawa, H., and Takeya, K. 1966. Application of streptomycin-resistant indicator strain for detection of E1 Tor vibrio temperate phage. Medicine and Biology 72: 220– 223 (in Japanese). Citing Literature Volume25, Issue6June 1981Pages 613-616 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Thoracoscopy: New method of early diagnosis of cardiac herniation

Cardiac herniation is an uncommon but rapidly fatal complication of radical pneumonectomy. Although operative correction is simple, a successful clinical outcome requires early diagnosis and thoracotomy. A patient is described in whom a left-sided cardiac herniation through a pericardial defect occurred following radical pneumonectomy. The diagnosis was suspected by persistent hypotension and radiographic changes. Confirmation of the diagnosis was achieved by thoracoscopy, performed with local anesthesia in the operating room. Immediate thoracotomy resulted in a successful outcome.

Management of Infants Suspected to be Deaf

Fourty infants under two years of age who were suspected to be deaf by their parents were examined during a period from October, 1970 to March, 1972. Out of the fourty patients, six were under one year of age and included two with unilateral congenital meatal atresia, one who had severe neonatal Jaundice and one with severe retardation of mental and physical developments. Follow-up studies demonstrated that they had normal hearing at least. on one side of the ears. Out of the remaining 34 infants, who were one year old, 27 were found of profound deafness, while in seven patients a definite diagnosis was hardly warranted because of uncertain responses to acoustic stimuli. But it was demonstrated by follow-up studies that three of the seven infants had no hearing impairment but mental retardation, one cerebral palsy associated with profound deafness, one profound deafness associated with severe mental retardation, one moderate deafness associated with auditory agnosia, and one had no abnormalities except for profound deafness.These findings suggest that the younger the child is, the more longterm observations are required to make a definite diagnosis, because responses to acoustic stimuli are more sophisticated by various factors in younger children.Finally, a new method for early diagnosis of deafness using a developmental scale of hearing devised in our clinic on the basis of normal infants' responses to social sounds in a daily life was described.

Evaluation of the Demonstration of Complement-Requiring Neutralizing Antibody as a Means for Early Diagnosis of Herpes Virus Infections

Summary When guinea pigs were immunized with herpes simplex virus, complement-requiring neutralizing (CRN) antibody, which was specific, appeared 1 week later and reached a considerable level before rises of CF and noncomplement-requiring neutralizing antibodies. Examination of patient sera proved that a similar immune response occurred as a result of herpes virus infections. Normal healthy persons showed no neutralizing antibody which could be enhanced by complement to such a marked extent. Hence, the detection of CRN antibody in a single serum sample became a new method for early diagnosis of herpetic infections. Among 53 patients, whose diagnosis was not possible with usual methods, two were diagnosed as being strongly suspected of herpetic infections by the demonstration of anti-herpes CRN antibody.