New Forms Of Organization Research Articles

Trabajadores en movimiento: del sindicalismo tradicional a la acción colectiva

El presente documento tiene como objetivo analizar, desde una mirada latinoamericana y a partir del contexto laboral, las nuevas relaciones que guardan el trabajador y sus formas contemporáneas de organización, negociación y reivindicación. Estas tienden a sujetarse a estándares de los mercados globales y del régimen neoliberal, la cual están sustentadas en la competitividad y el abaratamiento de la mano de obra. Se habla sobre este escenario laboral-productivo-organizacional dinamizando los mercados globales entre sí, facilitando las formas de inserción laboral y comercialización de la producción, sin embargo, se percibe una acentuación en las rupturas en las trayectorias laborales y una disolución de formas tradicionales de organización de trabajadores. La guía metodológica para el objetivo central de este escrito está sustentada en los marcos conceptuales sobre sindicalismo, organización del trabajo y acción colectiva, teniendo como marco territorial y temporal a México en la etapa neoliberal. El análisis se hace a partir de autores como Charles Tilly (2014), Alberto Melluci (1994) y Robert Castel (2010) y para el caso mexicano Enrique De la Garza (1993,2011,2014), Graciela Bensusán (2010) y Edtih Kuri (2016). A manera de conclusión se sostiene que, a la par los trabajos tradicionales y atípicos, son nuevas formas de organización y de identificación del trabajador, más allá del sindicalismo tradicional, conformando imaginativamente acciones colectivas que irradien más allá de los espacios laborales.

The illicit association as a process cloning method

In this work we critically approach the figure of the illicit association from a double perspective: historical and constitutional, questioning its theoretical foundations and its jurisprudential use. We connect your employment with arbitrary criminal proceedings where procedural guarantees are usually violated. We recover its political history in times of witch hunts, when the term „subversive association“ is born, in times of persecution of the coven, taken by many contemporary historians (especially feminist as Silvia Federici) as forms of resistance to new forms of organization of rural property (since behind the witch hunt was the expansion of rural capitalism) or resistance to the privatization of land in Europe. We conclude, making a parallel with the witch hunt (political criminalization program), that the alternative to the constant and growing criminalization of marginalized sectors (historical replica of that political process, accompanied by the Inquisition, whose practices do not seem to have escaped the all our courts: the inquisitive model is still in force) must go through the critical construction of a Latin American law aware of its social and economic challenges, conflicts that always translate into punitive practices. We propose, in short, the construction (in the face of the allegedly neutral and apolitical boom of prison governance) of a Right - and a criminology and a State - to stop looking for witches to hunt. A guideline that can also serve more than three decades of Rosa del Olmo and Lola Anillar de Castro (not coincidentally two women, two “witches”) introducing critical criminology throughout Latin America, to rethink the new challenges facing our criminology nowadays.

Multi-agent systems to enable Industry 4.0

Abstract The discussion paper “I4.0 language: vocabulary, message structure and semantic interaction protocols of the I4.0 language”, published by the working group “Semantics and Interaction of Industry 4.0 Components” of the GMA, also known as UAG of the AG 1 of the platform Industry 4.0 (I4.0), presented a concept for the language between I4.0 components. The main conclusion is: The increasing networking and cooperation of components enable new forms of organization and control. A clear understanding of machine interactions paves self-organized and self-optimized value creation in I4.0. Agent-based systems are an option for the realization of such I4.0 architectures. Due to their features, software agents are particularly well suited for representing I4.0 components and enabling I4.0 interactions. Agents are not only able to understand the necessary machine languages, but also the essential mechanisms for self-organization and self-optimization in value creation. The paper focuses on I4.0 scenarios described by the Platform I4.0 that describes challenges for the industry towards its digital future and demonstrates how emerging challenges in the area of I4.0 can be met with the help of agent-based systems.

DESIGUALDADE SOCIAL E SUBJETIVIDADE REVOLUCIONÁRIA: OS DESAFIOS DO TRABALHO DA PSICOLOGIA NO CRAS

Com a implantação do SUAS, a assistência social passou por importantes reformulações, as quais têm alterado não só o padrão de funcionamento da política pública, mas também requerem novas formas de organização e trabalho, novos papéis e competências dos atores sociais nela envolvidos. Com isso, o profissional da psicologia passa a ser requisitado para contribuir com seus conhecimentos e métodos de trabalho. Inserção que trouxe inquietações e desafios no exercício profissional para a (o) psicóloga (o) no campo da política de assistência social. Neste artigo, pretendemos refletir sobre a importância do trabalho da psicologia no CRAS, tomando a subjetividade revolucionária como seu lócus específico de atuação no enfrentamento da desigualdade social. Para isso, buscamos os pressupostos teóricos da psicologia socio-histórica, por meio de conceitos como sofrimento ético-político e subjetividade revolucionária, elaborados por Bader Sawaia que estuda o processo dialético exclusão-inclusão, inspirada nas teorias de Vigotski e Espinosa.
 Palavras–chave: psicologia socio-histórica; desigualdade social; subjetividade revolucionária; CRAS, transformação social.

Claiming the right to dignity: New organizations for housing justice in neoliberal Sweden

The lack of affordable housing for people with low income, shrinking public resources, and new political conflicts threaten the availability of housing, at the same time as aggressive forms of urban renewal are causing displacement through ‘renoviction’, putting tenants in critical situations. In this article, we focus on the acts of resistance and new social organization trends that have emerged in relation to the praxis of renoviction used by landlords and other local authorities, and the frustration caused by this praxis. We claim that these new forms of organization are using the concept of renoviction in articulating current struggles for housing justice. Methodologically, we point out the necessity of urban research conducted in close collaboration with activism, as a way for mutual learning and support. Moreover, we suggest that these acts of resistance should be understood as happening within a broader context of economic and political changes affecting the housing market, and in relation to the increased racialization of poverty and territorial stigmatization in Swedish cities. To illustrate and then strive to understand the ongoing resistance and demands for housing justice, we focus on national activist networks emerging in response to the neoliberal housing crisis. We maintain that emerging resistance in Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Uppsala represents a growing claim for housing justice. This resistance is based on people’s everyday lives and is a cry for dignity in neighborhoods neglected by housing companies.

Action research for innovation management: three benefits, three challenges, and three spaces

Given that the innovation landscape is changing, and new forms of organization and management are emerging, this study discusses the potential benefits of action research for innovation management (IM) as it provides closeness to living emergent systems, generates rich insights as well as knowledge for both rigorous theory development and change in practice. Drawing from a large‐scale action research study involving a complex collaborative organizational construct, we outline three challenges from employing action research: the process is both reflexive and progressive, the researcher is both an outsider and an insider, and the outcome is both general and specific. A model of three social spaces (the action research space, the academic space, and the practitioner space) is proposed to address the challenges and assist in navigating the multitude of processes, roles, and outcomes associated with action research. The study argues that action research for IM is well suited to exploring tacit aspects of practices and processes in the emergent or shifting study contexts to transform practices through interventions. Thus, if implemented carefully by experienced researchers, it can provide valuable data that are indispensable for theory development in the field of IM.

Desarrollo rural, movilización política e institucionalización: la experiencia asociativa de los pequeños productores familiares del departamento Vera en el norte santafesino

El artículo se propone explorar el universo de nuevas formas de organización y acción colectiva que surgen incipientemente en el contexto de la década de 1990 y que tienden a consolidarse a partir del nuevo milenio en torno a la figura de la agricultura familiar. Con un diseño metodológico de caso y enmarcado teóricamente en la perspectiva de los estudios de la acción colectiva (movilización de recursos y nuevos movimientos sociales), se presentan los resultados de un estudio exploratorio sobre la experiencia asociativa de la Unión de Familias Organizadas de Pequeños Productores de la Cuña Boscosa y los Bajos Submeridionales (UOCB) en el norte de la provincia de Santa Fe (Argentina).

EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE OF MODERN REGIONAL POLICY: A MESOECONOMIC APPROACH AND THE PROSPECTS OF UKRAINE

The European experience of regional development policy is based on three basic principles: systematic, institutional, complementary. Moving away from the dichotomous position of "donor or outsider", "centralization or decentralization" to a broader platform "community-state" allows us to form a kind of theoretical starting position on the development and implementation of a set of state reforms at which a higher level of socio-economic development can be achieved. The methodological basis for studying institutional complementarity for regional development analysis may be the use of mesoeconomic analysis. It is the mesoeconomic level that can be seen as an opportunity to pass between two methodological extremes: individualism and holism. The current problems of regional development of Ukraine are caused by considerable micro- and macroeconomic constraints. The main constraints are demographic negatives, de-industrialization, high consumption of production resources, in particular, low energy efficiency, and an increased burden on debt. The most destabilizing role is played by military events in the East. The experience of combining centralization and decentralization eliminates the dichotomy and emphasizes the contradictory unity of both processes. The priority of regional policy must be to develop the scientific, technological and innovative potential of the regions. The process of dissemination of innovation must go from centralized to regional. It is important to combine state support funds with their own resources and direct them to implement regional and local development strategies, support the implementation of innovations, the development of new production, small and medium-sized businesses. An example of using a mesoeconomic approach as a theoretical compromise on centralization and decentralization is the training of higher education professionals. Reform of the emergency medical care system should also be based on the complementarity of old and new forms of organization, especially in remote areas. We consider it appropriate to use the European experience of mesoeconomic approaches to confirm the possibility of complementary development of the regions of Ukraine. Keywords: regional policy, institutional complementarity, mesoeconomics, non-uniformity, decentralization

Whose work is real work? A triple labor framework for sustainable development initiatives

Sustainable development initiatives that seek to ameliorate global crises require new forms of organization and ways of working for participants. Using an alternative food system initiative in Chiapas, Mexico as an ethnographic case study, this article identifies three forms of labor—physical, organizational, and emotional—that emerge within such projects and explores how these labor forms interact in ways that impact the long‐term success of such endeavors. Mujeres y Maíz is a development initiative that seeks to protect Mexico's heirloom maize and the lifeways it supports by building connections between food producers and consumers. Together, tortilla makers and organizers mobilize multiple labor forms to build new economically and environmentally beneficial alternative food systems. These varied labor forms constitute collective wealth‐in‐people. The group's collaborations require embodied culinary knowledge and physical labor, organizational labor to access resources, and emotional labor to gird trust and cooperation. The analysis of these three types of labor shows how tortilla makers and organizers evaluate each other's different skill sets, shaped by class, race, and gender histories, in their collaborative and understandably contentious development work. The resulting triple labor framework is useful for diagnosing and negotiating tensions that impact the transformative potential of development initiatives within food systems and beyond.

Внеаудиторная самостоятельная работа как средство интенсификации процесса обучения студентов профессионально-ориентированному английскому языку на неязыковых факультетах в вузе (специальность «Экология»)

The article touches upon some actual issues on the organization of extracurricular students’ self-guided work in teaching English at non-linguistic specialties at the university and its impact on the learning process intensity. The article discusses the methodological foundations of the intensification of extracurricular students’ self-guided work. The purpose of the article is to consider the current issue caused by the need to apply in modern education such new forms of organization of students' self-guided work that can be effective and contribute to increase of students’ educational motivation and active cognitive activity. It is proposed to combine established, structured topics with controversial topical issues in teaching professionally-oriented English to students and take this principle into account when developing educational materials for extracurricular students' self-guided work and include them in a separate section when writing textbooks or teaching aids. During the study the following methods were applied: analysis, observation, comparison. Research result. It was found out that creation and application of practically-oriented teaching materials require greater individualization of tasks, greater freedom of research, orientation toward the professional competencies formation, and an increase in students’ creative activity. It is concluded that practically-oriented approach in the organization of students' self-guided work in teaching English can be one of the ways to improve practical language skills and an incentive for students’ personal qualities formation.

Why do network organizations fail?

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine network failures and the main reasons why network organizations, intentionally developed by a group of actors to pursue specific goals, become unfruitful and fail in their goals and expectations of creating collective value. The goal of this paper is thus to contribute a better understanding of the reasons network organizations encounter problems in their dynamics that prevent them from reaching the expected outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThe study is firstly based on a literature review finalized to identify the main variables considered as potentially impacting on network failures. Secondly, the paper is based on a survey conducted on 189 strategic networks that highlighted difficulties in achieving their goals. An analysis of the 24 questionnaires returned generated the results discussed. The empirical study concerns strategic networks intentionally created and signed by Italian SMEs according to a specific law designed to promote the development of inter-firm cooperation (“network contracts”).FindingsThe results of the research highlight the role of specific key items related to individual, structural, legitimacy, interaction and governance variables in explaining failures in network organizations. According to the data, failure can occur immediately before the network start-up, resulting in a blocked network or in a subsequent developmental stage, resulting in a dormant network. The empirical research demonstrated that the items affecting network failure differ between blocked and dormant networks. The authors explain such differences, considering them according to the expected goals declared by the two different types of networks.Originality/valueThe question of why networks fail is relevant in times of disruption and digitalization when new forms of organization are needed to link businesses and various stakeholders and thereby develop innovative and sustainable ideas for an entrepreneurial future. However, very few studies have examined network failure. The study contributes to this field of research by investigating the dynamics of networks intentionally developed to reach shared goals. The findings can be useful to both companies that decide to start up a strategic network and the policymakers that promote, finance and monitor inter-firm collaboration.

Recreation in the lifestyle of students

The article outlines the concept of recreation, modern recreational activity, its health orientation for students of educational institutions. It determines factors that influence the support of the motor activity of students and the effect of recreational activities. Authors make attempt to generalize the modern views of scientists on the problem of organizing recreational activities in the system of physical culture and sports and prove that scientific organization of recreational activity is of great importance. It proposes basic approaches to the definition of the terms "physical recreation", "recreational activity". The article defines directions of recreational activity, in particular recreational-tourism. The authors prove effectiveness of using recreational activities technology with its positive influence on the indicators of physical condition of students, volume of physical activity, organization of useful leisure and active rest, level of recreational culture. The article gives background to further refinement of the theoretical foundations of physical recreation, as despite of great empirical material, requires a qualitatively new form of organization of knowledge about it. This requires a scientific study of the nature, specification of the development of knowledge about physical recreation, the characteristics of its basic features, objects and functions, conceptual models and analysis of the foreign experience of organizing activities in the field of physical reaction, sports and health tourism.

Dominant Theories of Regional Growth and New Forms of Territorial Organization of Industrial Production

In this article, the authors consider the dominant theories of regional growth and new forms of organization of industrial production in regional economy. They attempt to distinguish common sources of growth immanent to the regional systems, and show how the regional economy can transfer from stagnation to slow growth and at last to the situation when the growth becomes an optimal regional economic phenomenon. The meso-economic analysis contains a certain value system, affects the interests of various population groups and acquires a distinct social orientation. The development of innovative meso-economy is accelerated under the influence of modern digital revolution. This updates the theories of innovative regional economy. The active and direct participation of the state in the investment process, the planning and programming of innovative economic activity of the region are required to overcome the rigidities of the regional economy quickly. Increased investment should cause cumulative growth of income and achievement of full employment in the region. There will be created the conditions that provide opportunities for reinvesting the profits of entrepreneurs, mobilizing the endogenous industrial resources and diffusing the growth impulse arising from innovative sectors all over the regional economy. The structure of the regional industry undergoes numerous changes while modernization; all its elements pass through various stages of renewal.

A new circular business model typology for creating value from agro-waste.

Shifting from a linear to a circular economy in the agrifood domain requires innovative business models, including reverse logistics, new visions on customer-supplier relationships, and new forms of organization and marketing strategies at the crossroads of various value chains. This research aims to identify and characterise different types of business models that create value from agricultural waste and by-products via cascading or closing loops. Conceptual and management insights into circular business models are still sparse. In total, 39 cases have been studied that convert agro-waste and by-products into valuable products via a circular economy approach. Semi-structured interviews and on-site visits of six representative cases have been done, and secondary data been collected. Data has been treated with content analysis. Cases are presented according to the type of organisational structure, resources, transformation processes, value propositions, key partners, customers, strategic approaches and innovation. Six types of circular business models are identified and discussed: biogas plant, upcycling entrepreneurship, environmental biorefinery, agricultural cooperative, agropark and support structure. They differ in their way of value creation and organisational form, but strongly depend on partnerships and their capacity to respond to changing external conditions. This study offers the first circular business model typology within the agricultural domain, revealing the interconnectedness of the six different business model types. It provides options for managers in positioning and adapting their business strategies. It highlights the potential of using biomass first for higher added-value products before exploiting it as energy source. Cascading biomass valorisation at a territorial level will increasingly be important for locally cooperating actors within a circular bioeconomy approach.

Seeing like the people: a history of territory and resistance in the southern Ecuadorian Amazon

The Cordillera del Condor in the Ecuadorian Amazon has been analyzed frequently in the literature of extractivism in Latin America, due to the current mining pressure on this territory. Mining is, however, the most recent in a long history of territorial transformations in the region. The production of territory in the Cordillera del Condor is the result of a complex historical accumulation of events, motivated by the political economy of the country that has transformed the people and its land. By studying the main events of state deterritorialization, this article examines multiple socio-spatial relations that occurred in the Cordillera del Condor. This article identifies three main events of state deterritorialization: (1) colonization and evangelization, (2) the Ecuador-Peru war and (3) large-scale mining. The analysis illustrates how territory is constantly integrated into the economic and political rationality of the nation-state and discusses these transformations in line with the institutionalization of new forms of organization, legibility, commodification of nature and subjectification of people. In contrast, the study also illustrates how people inhabiting this space counteract state deterritorialization by deploying the same strategies as the state; reinforcing reterritorialization in their own terms. The article concludes by highlighting the agency of people to reshape state mechanisms in the struggle of defining a territory.Keywords: state deterritorialization, reterritorialization, political ecology, Cordillera del Condor, Ecuador

МАРКЕТИНГОВІ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНІ СИСТЕМИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ В УМОВАХ ЗРОСТАННЯ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦЬКИХ РИЗИКІВ

The article is devoted to the establishment of essential transformations of the concept of marketing information system. The instability of the external business environment, due to political and economic fluctuations in our country, provokes an increase in the level of business risks. The main goal of this article is to reveal the modern essence of marketing information systems and identify the impact on their structure of modern business risks. At the same time, the development of modern technologies and information systems creates the preconditions for the development of new forms of organization of the enterprise and sales. Thus, today, specialists in the field of SMM (Social Media Marketing) are among the most in demand in the labor market. The development of business communication systems creates both new prospects for sales and product promotion, and new risks for business activities and calculations. Accordingly, there is a need to study the transformations of existing and the formation of new marketing information systems in the face of growing business risks. The author analyzes its possible structural elements and offers their own vision. The list of structural elements of the marketing information system is supplemented by components to counteract possible business risks that will arise in the process of its operation. Thus, the main risk in the article is substantiated information risk, which is due to the imperfection of the direct functioning of the marketing information system of the enterprise. One of the tools to increase the efficiency of marketing information systems and, at the same time, counteract possible risks, is proposed to integrate it into the and systems in terms of collecting external information and analytical processing of all data during marketing research. Promising technologies for the organization of modern marketing information systems are characterized by significant efficiency limitations and risks, which are largely due to shortcomings at the level of special methodology using technologies of the format Data Mining and Big Data.

Recruitment and Evaluation Practices at the Service of Project-Based Organization and Competence Management: Case of Tunisian Companies

In recent years, the globalization of markets, the intensity of competition and the evolution of technology have forced companies to rationalize their management practices. Two main consequences arise: First, the emergence of new forms of organization, in particular project-based organization (PBO), denouncing the principles of scientific management. Second, the emergence of competence management has become an essential factor in the modernization of human resources management. This study aimed to understand how the relationship between PBO and competence management is effectively achieved. To this end, a qualitative research was conducted within Tunisian companies operating in different sectors of activity. The results show that recruitment and evaluation are two essential practices at the service of PBO and competence management. The results provide managers with a better understanding of the competence management in the PBOs.

Використання стратегічних альянсів в інноваційній економіці

Global tendencies in recent decades have strengthened competition in world markets, so it is necessary to create such an organizational form that could respond as quickly and efficiently as possible to changes in the external environment. One of these new forms of organization of enterprises is strategic alliances, the development of which has significantly influenced changes in the structure of many industries. Through the creation of strategic alliances, companies join forces and resources to maintain their competitive positions and create new opportunities. In the article, the strategic alliance is seen as an effective form of the companies joining that best meets the criteria for strategic goals. The authors examine types of strategic alliances, the development of which should provide enterprises with access to certain innovations; the goals of creating strategic alliances are specified. It is proved that a case of strategic alliance means conducting joint research, sharing production facilities, exchanging technologies, marketing each other’s products or joining efforts to produce components or final products. It is noted that partnership in strategic alliances is based on flexible organizational forms of cooperation. The authors allocate the problems that interfere with innovation; actions to resolve them are suggested. Prospects for further research in this direction are the analysis of existing strategic alliances in Ukraine, carrying out a study on their status, number and sphere of formation. Also in the future it is planned to distinguish the problems of determining the advantages and disadvantages of creating strategic alliances in Ukraine, and most importantly – to analyze the readiness of the legislative base for their successful development in the country.

Design Rules, Volume 2: Chapter 9—Organizing to Rationalize

The purpose of this chapter is to explain what the technologies of flow production with bottlenecks require and reward in organizations. I argue that the organizations best suited to implementing these technologies are vertically integrated spanning all potential bottlenecks. They are subject to unified governance and exercise direct authority over process design, job definitions and task assignments. As they come to employ more people, they create hierarchical management structures as a means of managing information flows and delegating decision rights. Finally the early 20th Century, most of these organizations have been legally chartered as corporations that can own assets, enter into contracts and employ individuals in their own right. The public’s view of “big business” and “high technology” eventually coalesced into a paradigm of mass production—a cluster of related concepts about how the world worked. Throughout the middle years of the 20th century, most Americans and Europeans assumed that large businesses using advanced technology would be organized as vertically integrated corporations, exercise direct authority, and create managerial hierarchies. These assumptions were not challenged until the spread of personal computers and the Internet began to reward new forms of organization that responded to the requirements and rewards of the new information technologies.

ЦИФРОВАЯ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПОТРЕБИТЕЛЬСКИХ ОБЩЕСТВ: ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ

The article deals with topical issues of organization and management of the introduction of digital technology and digital technologies in the practice of modern domestic consumer societies and their unions. The article reveals the features of applying a system-creative approach to the study of key issues of organizing the process of digital transformation of consumer cooperation in the conditions of transition to a new information and digital technological method of production and consumption. The article substantiates the need for a comprehensive solution to the three main issues of the process of digitalization and digital transformation in consumer societies and their unions: the introduction of digital technology; the development of new forms of organization and management, as well as improving the methods of managing the activities of consumer societies and their unions in the new conditions.