New Forms Of Work Research Articles

The effects of Uber diffusion on the mental health of drivers.

While the spread of digital technologies and the growth of associated atypical forms of work are attracting increasing attention, little is known about the impact of these new forms of work on psychological well-being. This paper examines the effect of Uber diffusion on the mental health of drivers, taking advantage of the rollout of Uber across UK regions. We match individual-level information on health and sociodemographic characteristics from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (Understanding Society) between 2009 and 2019 with data on the diffusion of Uber across the country. We first show that Uber diffusion is positively associated with mental health, as measured by the General Health Questionnaire, in the population group of self-employed drivers. We argue that this positive correlation captures a selection effect (of comparatively healthier individuals into the category of self-employed drivers after Uber entry) and the omission of unobserved factors, rather than a causal effect. Indeed, we do not observe any improvement in mental health for workers who were already self-employed drivers before Uber entry. In parallel with this, among individuals who remained salaried drivers over time, our results suggest there may be a decline in mental health after Uber's introduction, probably because they feel the competition from Uber drivers.

Telework and perceived workload: Learnings prior to the COVID-19 upheaval

During COVID-19, telework has become a new form of work for broader groups of workers who were not teleworking prior to the pandemic. In this study, we ask what we will be returning to after COVID-19, if teleworking will become a new norm or if most workplaces will merely return to the old forms of work. The main research question of this study was to estimate the role of telework in perception of workload. More specifically, to gain an understanding of the stakes involved when reorganizing work after the pandemic, we analysed the relationship between perceived workload and opportunities to telework. Multilevel analysis utilized representative national data of wage earners in Finland (N = 4091). The findings showed that the opportunity to telework is associated with lower perceived workload in the capital area but not in the rural areas. More specifically, increasing telework opportunities among different-level workers, particularly in educational and social work in the capital area, would be beneficial in terms of increasing well-being at work. There could be good reasons for organizations to reject returning to the status quo ex ante after COVID-19 and to consider the new norm, where opportunities to telework are offered to wider worker groups.

Technology in care systems: Displacing, reshaping, reinstating or degrading roles?

In the United Kingdom and further afield, policy discourse has focused on the efficiencies technology will afford the care sector by increasing workforce capacity at a time when there are recruitment and retention issues. Previous research has explored the impact of telecare and other technologies on roles within the care sector, but issues related to job quality and the consequences of newer digital technologies that are increasingly being deployed in care settings are under researched. Through an exploration of the literature on robotics and empirical studies of telecare and mainstream ‘smart’ digital technology use in UK adult social care, this paper examines how these technologies are generating new forms of work and their implications for job quality, arguing the tendency to prioritise technology results in the creation ‘machine babysitters’ and ‘fauxtomatons’.

Healthy and Happy Working from Home? Effects of Working from Home on Employee Health and Job Satisfaction.

In addition to its catastrophic health effects, the COVID-19 pandemic also acts as a catalyst for new forms of work. Working from home (WFH) has become commonplace for many people worldwide. But under what circumstances is WFH beneficial and when does it increase harms to health? The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of specific characteristics of WFH for health (work ability, stress-related physical and psychological symptoms) and job satisfaction among German employees. The study is based on data from a Germany-wide panel survey with employees from different industries (n = 519). Using multiple regressions, it was found that the functionality of the technical equipment at home has positive effects on the health of employees (i.e., ability to work, stress-related symptoms) and job satisfaction. The percentual weekly amount of WFH influences stress-related symptoms, i.e., a higher amount of weekly working time WFH, was associated with more stress-related symptoms. Furthermore, it negatively influences job satisfaction. The feeling of increased autonomy leads to positive effects on employees’ job satisfaction. The results provide starting points for interventions and indicate the need for legal regulations for WFH. Further theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Reconsidering digital labour: Bringing tech workers into the debate

AbstractThe digital labour debate has produced manifold insights into new forms of work emerging within digital capitalism. So far, though, most research has focused on highly precarious labourers, neglecting the growing ranks of affluent ‘tech workers’. I argue that this analytical oversight can be attributed to a narrow conceptualisation of digital labour. Thus, this article first proposes a broadening of the digital labour concept to encompass all work entangled with the digital economy. In a second step, I demonstrate the heuristic surplus of this theoretical broadening through a discussion of the empirical literature on tech workers. By bringing tech workers into the debate, I point to the cultural, technological and organisational relations between high and low‐paid digital labourers. Pursuing twin‐aims, the article combines a theoretical reconsideration of digital labour with an analytical discussion of the literature on tech workers to provide a more relational account of work and class in digital capitalism.

An Exploratory Literature Study into Digital Transformation and Leadership: Toward Future-Proof Middle Managers

This study aimed to obtain insight into the influence digital transformation has on future leadership behaviors and management. Up to now, most literature solely focuses on the need for strong strategic leadership to build and lead the transformation. This study was directed at future leadership behaviors and skills needed during and after digital transformation of management below senior level. An exploratory approach to review literature on digital transformation and leadership was used, inspired by the PRISMA protocol. Our findings show that digital transformation is a disruptive process that impacts the whole organization and results in new forms of working. This calls for altro-centric leadership, an other-centered leadership style. Specifically, soft skills such as empathy, humility, integrity and compassion are becoming increasingly important, as is understanding the power of digital technology. The emergence of artificial intelligence offers interesting opportunities. It could be used to handle quantifiable managerial tasks and evaluate the quantifiable part of performance, while managers focus on the soft skills side of management such as coaching, motivating and empowering employees. This study demonstrates the necessity to redefine leadership requirements in an increasingly digitalized world.

Формирование позитивного образа России: опыт СПбГИК

The article is devoted to the problem of creating a positive image of Russia in Japan and a positive educational impact on students that is the result of their active participation in various activities aimed at achieving this goal. The conclusions of the article are underpinned by the results of three-week seminar «Russian language and Russian culture» that has been held at SPbGIK for Japanese students from Meiji Gakuin University and Jochi Daigaku (Sophia University) for 15 years already, as well as meetings of SPbGIK students with students at Nihon University, Japan. The program of the seminar in addition to the lessons of the Russian language and sightseeing tours around St. Petersburg and its suburban municipalities included lectures on Russian culture, history and music. The Japanese and Russian students visited the house of the station superintendent in the village of Vyra, Veliky Novgorod and the museum of ancient wooden architecture in the village of Vitoslavlitsy, participated together with folklore groups in old Russian folk games, round dances, etc. The value of this work is multifaceted. On the one hand, because of the immersion in Russian culture, communication with students and teachers of SPbGIK the Japanese students acknowledged to have created an objective and a more complete positive image of Russia. On the other hand, the Russian young people involved in this work deepened their sense of responsibility for the image of Russia, growing aware of the need to make a personal contribution to its creation, understanding that those impressions about Russia that the Japanese take home depend on everyone. It is necessary to search for new forms of work in this direction, to attract the youth to it, to accumulate, to generalize and exchange experience.

Mobilising Workers via Digital Means: Reinventing Trade Unions for the Digital Age

Singapore’s economy has witnessed successive waves of transformation with its highly skilled and competent workforce serving as a backbone to continuing economic growth. Tripartism is a key feature of Singapore’s economy and underpins workforce participation and the mediation of employer-employee relations through collaboration between trade unions, employers, and the government. As with other unions around the world, changing social and economic realities are putting pressure on trade unions in Singapore to digitalise and adapt to new forms of worker engagement. Social norms are also rapidly changing parallel to the new forms of work and opportunities afforded by digital technologies. Amidst challenges such as membership declines, institutional changes and the rise of the gig economy and precarious labour, some unions have struggled to transform, while others have thrived and grown by adopting modern tools and technologies to engage with and organise emerging groups of workers. This article explores how the organisation of workers through digital means can benefit Singapore’s trade unions in light of its economic and employment climate, and the historical trajectory of trade unions. We focus on how engagement, which is of paramount importance for trade unions, can be complemented or enhanced through the adoption of digital tools. We also present several examples from different parts of the world demonstrating how traditional unions are digitalising through transnational collaborations and collectives, and through the adoption of communication technologies, digital platforms, and campaigns to support worker organising. In so doing, we distil key lessons for trade unions in Singapore that are contemplating and exploring organising workers through digital means.

MOGUĆNOSTI I KVALITET REALIZACIJE VOKALNO-INSTRUMENTALNE NASTAVE U USLOVIMA PANDEMIJE

The paper presents the results of a research into the effects of music teaching within the subject Vocal and instrumental music course, which is taught at under- graduate studies of the Faculty of Education in Jagodina, in the pandemic conditions caused by the covid-19 virus. The traditional teaching has been replaced by new forms of work that involve the use of information technologies. This teaching model created a completely dif- ferent environment for learning. The paper presents a research study aiming at examining students’ opinions and attitudes about the quality of online teaching, that is, about a different concept of teaching Vocal and instrumental music course. In addition, the goal was to collect data which could serve as a basis for improving the organization and the quality of teaching in the event of a new pandemic. The responses of 76 second year undergraduate students from Class teacher and Preschool teacher study programs were analyzed. The research results have shown that theoretical knowledge can be acquired through distance learning; however, song recordings cannot replace contact teaching and online teaching cannot be more useful than face-to-face teaching. In addition, the responses of the surveyed students have shown that teaching music should not be conducted exclusively online.

Interview: the global challenge for unions

Interview:the global challenge for unions Interview: IUR's Daniel Blackburn spoke with Kemal Özkan, Assistant General Secretary of Industriall Global Union. At the Fifth Congress of the ITUC in November this year current General Secretary Sharan Burrow will be stepping down. Kemal Özkan is out on the campaign trail as a candidate at that election and took some moments to speak with IUR Hello Kemal, how are you? Welcome to IUR journal, where this time we are talking about union renewal, new forms of work and organising, and changing labour law. I wanted to ask you a few questions about the international trade union movement, particularly about ideas of change and modernisation: about what needs to change for the future if unions are going to remain effective, relevant and important in the coming years. ■ Thank you very much Daniel for the opportunity to discuss our ideas and programme for strengthening the international trade union movement that we all believe in. ICTUR is a high-quality union publication. The magazine is in pride of place in our Industriall Global Union office, and ICTUR has supported countless campaigns and actions around the world. Congratulations to you and the ICTUR team. There are so many changes and challenges in the world today, I wonder if we need to re-assess what are the goals, demands and objectives of trade unions, internationally? Have we been setting the agenda or following it? Have we been focusing on the right things? ■ All working people must have the right to a good wage, stable employment, to be healthy and safe at work, and to a union. These rights are hard-won and must be constantly defended. The vast majority of the world's workers live in countries where unions are either not permitted, or barely tolerated. The priorities of workers, or rank and file union members, must always be the focus of the union movement. We must grow our strength, in the Global South and Global North. Legislation is moving in response to public demand for due diligence for multinational companies and their supply chains. We must take this opportunity to put unions at the centre of a new system of global industrial relations and cross-border social dialogue that responds to the concept of 'human rights due diligence' throughout companies' own operations and supply chains. Bad employers and governments seek to set the agenda and so do we. We have the numbers; we have the power. It is up to us to use it. We are in the run-up to the Fifth Congress of the ITUC, when current General Secretary Sharan Burrow will be stepping down, and I understand that you are now out on the campaign trail as a candidate for that election. If you are the next ITUC General Secretary, where will the focus of international trade union work lie? Going forward, what are the major concerns and issues as you see them? ■ Workers and their families are now bearing the brunt of war, pandemic, climate crisis, over-mighty capital, and an ineffective or compromised political class. Workers everywhere are facing increasingly emboldened anti-democratic forces. The ITUC is their vehicle for change, ensuring that workers' priorities are central to the political debate responding to these crises. We will battle for the right to strike, for regulation on global supply chains and platform work, will promote industrial policy and just transition, struggle against any form of precarious work, particularly formalisation of the informal economy and push policies against inequality at the ILO. You know, Daniel, an enormous part of ITUC's power comes from the inspirational women leaders throughout the movement. ITUC will increase its focus and energy in the global march for women's empowerment. Our youth are motivated to take up the flag of struggle. ITUC will strengthen its work with developing and enabling young union leaders. They are the promise of the future of our movement. I think I first met you when our organisation was working on the height of the crisis of anti-union violence in Colombia, in the 2000s, so I know that you have long been concerned by these kind of really serious situations of...

Perfil e representação de trabalhadores de plataformas digitais em Portugal

Working on digital platforms is a new form of work that, in Portugal, has not yet defined a regulated model of labour relations. This article analyses the worker profiles of various digital work platforms and their collective representation in Portugal. The diversity found in the case studies of worker profiles from each platform explains, in part, the lack of interest of labour movements in representing them. The type of tasks and the workplace contributes to the lack of interest in the search for collective representatives and demonstrates the (mis)alignments that occurred between workers and possible representatives. There is also potential for other alignments between the interests of different workers, trade union movements and associations of alternative representation

The use of famous paintings as means of cognitive visualization in teaching language

The relevance of the research topic is due to close attention of scientific and pedagogical public to the issues of cognitive education. Over the past years there has been sustainable interest to various methods of cognitive visualization and a search for new forms of work for the formation of cognitive interest and development of reflective mental activity. Purpose: to substantiate the effectiveness of the use of famous paintings as cognitive visual material to enhance students’ learning and cognitive activity at English classes and to present the types of tasks with them. Research methods: research methods are based on an analytical review of scientific sources on issues of cognitive education, the use of visual aids in the educational process and generalization of personal pedagogical experience of using the proposed tasks at English classes in the 1st year of the Faculty of Linguistics and Intercultural Communication of the Odintsovo branch of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russian Federation. Results: the article presents examples of tasks which generate interest, stimulate cognitive activity and contribute to the development of all components of communicative competence. It is concluded that within the framework of the communicative and cognitive approach, the use of paintings as visual visualization has great potential in the field of motivation, creation of a positive attitude towards learning and contributes to the effective solution of several educational and pedagogical tasks.

Delotvornost radnog zakonodavstva i uloga inspekcije rada u svetlu standarda Međunarodne organizacije rada

Regulation of labour relations is accompanied by adoption of measures pivotal to ensuring effective implementation of labour legislation. One of the most important measures is labour inspection. During the last century, a solid legal and institutional framework for labour inspection had been developed in most of the world, with many countries using the standards contained in the International Labour Organization conventions no. 81 and 129 as inspiration or model. Nevertheless, labour inspectors face many challenges and obstacles, because the proliferation of labour regulations and the emergence of new occupational risks and new forms of work are not accompanied by appropriate mechanisms to ensure effective protection of labour rights. This also applies to the emergence of economic and financial crises, which are regularly linked to employers' efforts to reduce the cost of work by bypassing the labour, social and tax regulations. We should not lose sight of the fact that a large number of workers are outside of the personal scope of application of labour legislation, which, in the contemporary world of work, is a serious obstacle to successful labour inspection. In addition, a large number of workers performs undeclared work, and the so-called externalization of work has blurred the legal position of workers, calling into question the traditional distinction between employment and independent work for others, but also the traditional (unitary) concept of an employer, as its prerogatives are now exercised by two or more entities. The seriousness of these challenges becomes even greater if we take into account the insufficient number of labour inspectors and their inadequate training, which often results in the unacceptably modest number of (registered and unregistered) entities being inspected. The low probability of inspection actually taking place will further encourage employers to continue to circumvent the applicable regulations. This is bolstered by the lenient penalties that the labour inspectors have at their disposal, as well as the fact that their work is often rendered meaningless by the negligence of the misdemeanor courts. Another problem is the lack of specialization of labour inspectors for certain labour issues, such as the protection of particularly sensitive categories of workers. The authoress seeks to examine the goals, functions and prerogatives of labour inspectors in view of the International Labour Organization standards, as well as to review them taking into consideration the current trends in labour law, like economic and political turn towards neoliberalism, economic and financial crises as well as the intense international migrations.

Summer Camps for Schoolchildren in the System for the Prevention of Teenage Neglect and Crime in the 1960s — mid-1970s

In the 1960s and 1970s there was a significant increase in juvenile delinquency in urban and rural areas. The tightening of measures to combat it did not radically change the situation, and the country’s leadership began to pay great attention to educational work, which was mainly entrusted to the Komsomol. One of the priority directions in the work of the Komsomol in this period was the organization of summer vacations for children. There was a search and testing of new forms of work, which was expressed in the creation of new types of summer camps for schoolchildren. On the basis of a wide range of archival materials, primarily reports from the departments of the school Komsomol, the process of creating camps in the city and the countryside is analyzed, and the problems that the Komsomol committees faced in the process of this work are highlighted. First of all, there is a lack of funding. It is shown that the labor and recreation camps for high school students who were striving to exist on the principles of self-sufficiency, created during this period, began to acquire great popularity. At the same time, labor, military, sports, and tourist camps for adolescents registered in the children’s room of the police began to be created. In this regard, there was a problem with training counselors for such camps. The Moscow city committee of the Komsomol was the first to begin training counselors from among student activists. The analysis of archival materials shows that regarding urban schoolchildren during the study period, various types of camps were created for all age groups. The situation was different in rural areas. For the first time, inter-collective farm camps began to appear in the districts, however, they did not become widespread.

Organizational management with the crisis of the Covid-19 pandemic

Introduction. During the Covid-19 pandemic, a crisis unmatched that will have significant negative consequences and encompass the social, economic and environmental environment and its consequences affect organizations in both the private and public sectors. The Covid-19 pandemic has a significant impact on the population and their lives, and therefore on their organizational effectiveness in overcoming the crisis. The crisis has caused a number of uncertainties and confusion related to workers' risks and the adoption of measures to overcome them. In the face of uncertainty, it is even more difficult to manage organizations that do not have properly developed, recognizable and competent crisis management and communication.
 Aim and tasks. The purpose of the study was to highlight the pandemic-induced problems and to contribute to the adoption of measures related to the functioning of the organizations. Additionally, the aim was also to establish the connection between the introduction of new forms of work and the shortage of the staff. Main goal of this research was to analyse functioning of the crisis management in selected organizations during the Covid-19 pandemic.
 Results. The results of the study conducted via an online questionnaire showed that crisis management and communication are adequately adopted in the organizations in question, but shortcomings were nevertheless disclosed. They are a consequence of the specificity of the crisis and the lack of knowledge of how to operate under such conditions. Participants of the survey estimated that the pandemic raised thus far investigated issues and that crisis management and communication in the organization was better trained to operate and take crisis measures in cases other than the epidemic.
 Conclusions. The article proposes an analysis of the entire operation of management during the pandemic, a review of all organizational acts in the field of crisis management, their modernization, and additional training and education in crisis management by exchanging practices of other organizations. However, the state, as the holder of measures during the pandemic, must adopt appropriate legal acts, which will be the base for organizations in the economy and the public sector to take appropriate measures. Organizational management during the pandemic must be flexible, innovative and focused on a healthy work environment.

PROBLEMS OF STUDENT TRAINING IN PANDEMIC CONDITIONS IN THE COUNTRIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND IN RUSSIA

Abstract. The closure of educational institutions and the transfer of training to online format in the context of a pandemic has become very relevant both for the EU countries and for Russia. Using the example of the work of the Northern State Medical University with foreign students studying in Russia, we can analyze the situation in the educational process in the context of the global crisis. The administration of the university and teachers are looking for new forms of work to organize the training of foreign students, developing and implementing educational programs in a digital format. The COVID-19 epidemic has affected the work of teachers and students, highlighted the challenges of distance education related to the Internet, access to digital devices, willingness to work and study remotely. Teachers and students noted the difficulties associated with online learning. Only high-quality distance learning can provide effective search, analysis, processing and transmission of the necessary information using information technologies, including when solving professional problems.

Дигитализацията на работната сила и бъдещето на труда

The article examines the changes in labor resulting from the digitalization of the workplace with the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The appearance of new forms of work, the replacement of labor by machines and changes in the qualities and training of the workforce are highlighted. The overcoming of the social contradictions that accompany these changes is associated with the implementation of new instruments such as a global profit tax on large corporations and robotic systems, the elimination of offshore zones, new forms of regulation of new forms of work, unconditional basic income, reduction of working hours, changes in education systems, new forms of control over labor migration, etc. The conclusion is made that the changes occurring in labor lead to new processes and phenomena in the economy, which are an important challenge for economic sciences and especially for political economy to make observations and identify new trends and dependencies. At the same time, the new processes and phenomena require the creation and implementation of new tools for overcoming the negative consequences and adversе impacts on man and society.

IMPROVING THE QUALIFICATION OF SOCIAL TEACHERS TO OVERCOME THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the activities of social pedagogues in schools. The importance to find new forms of work to improve pedagogical skills, strengthen stress resilience, organize and provide emotional and social support to all participants in the educational process. Under such conditions, the requirements for the quality of advanced training courses for social educators, their scientific basis and practical significance increase. The purpose of the article is to present the curriculum of advanced training courses to overcome the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in the activities of social educators of educational institutions. This program is based on a study of current psychological and pedagogical problems and inquiries of employees of the psychological service of the education system of Ukraine, for which the following methods were used: review of scientific publications and information sources on the research topic, online survey of employees of the psychological service of the education system of Ukraine. interviews with social educators and practical psychologists of eight regions of Ukraine to identify issues related to the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. The article presents the results of scientific research on the development of the curriculum, which consists of organizational, scientific-theoretical and practical modules. The program is undergoing experimental testing and will be recommended for use in the activities of postgraduate pedagogical education. A necessary precondition for the courses implemetation is not only the provision of students with the Internet and hardware, but also the teacher’s willingness to choose different organizational models and teaching strategies, according to opportunities, needs and challenges (increase or decrease offline or online components, expand independent work of students). Organizational and methodological features of the implementation of the curriculum by distance and mixed format of advanced training courses is the perspective for the further research.

E-Learning in Times Of COVID-19: Insights into Management and Communication Students’ Perspectives Throughout the Global Coronavirus Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought not only a global health crisis, but also many changes and shifts towards a more digitalized working environment. In line with the GlobalET conference theme of this year, this paper looks at how particularly the education sectors has been affected by these new forms of working. One year after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic the Competence Team for the Digitalization of Communication at the FHWien der WKW – University of Applied Sciences for Management and Communication conducted two comparative online surveys with students as well as 60 in-depth interviews. The results of this research help to identify and improve ongoing Distance Learning practices, starting with logistics such as the preferred study mode, recommended duration of the Distance Learning units or mandatory attendance of students during class. The outcome of the research will further contribute to sharpen the clarity of the purpose of digital activities to understand the required support services or online material and to develop possibilities to track students’ study progress. Even though there is an understanding that more than one year after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic the findings can only represent the current status and cannot give a long-term outlook, they might be useful to further develop students’ needs for future Distance Learning and its practices.

Sustainable development and new forms of work. A scenario of common, basic challenges for public and private players (International Labour Forum – Academic Discussion «Employment and the Labour Market: Contours of De-Standardisation» St.Petersburg, 23 Apr

The article illustrates the implications for the world of work of two decisive factors of change in the global situation: the joint commitment of states to promote sustainable development according to the normative guidelines of the United Nations and the effects of the pandemic crisis. It proposes the reference to the institutionalist theoretical approach as the most appropriate to provide a valid interpretation of the diversity of orientations in economic and social development policies, including labour policies, which occur on the global scene. The article presents the analyzes on the professions of the future and the relative employment prospects for 2030 contained in two studies developed in Italy on the basis of predictive models that applied specific Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, officially presented in the first half of 2021. Presented research recalls the ultimate meaning of the phenomenon of structural crisis, the value of institutionalist theory in understanding the complexity of the processes of development, and progress of communities and, in the context of the choice for sustainability, the importance of the changes that lie ahead in the world of work in relation to the specific green and digital transition processes currently promoted by the states. Article’s findings may stimulate research on predictive models in the field of employment and new professions projected beyond short-term trends, in the broader dimensions of perspectives and scenarios