New Directions In Theory Research Articles

New directions in theories of criminalization

New directions in theories of criminalization

Entrepreneurial intention studies: A hybrid bibliometric method to identify new directions for theory and research

AbstractFragmentation is the main obstacle to scientific progress on entrepreneurial intention. To address this issue, we systematise the current literature with a hybrid bibliometric method that combines co‐citation and bibliographic coupling analysis for the first time in entrepreneurial intention studies to show the field's knowledge base and research fronts and to examine how divergent perspectives have challenged the core knowledge of the field. We highlight three recurring dimensions of entrepreneurial intention studies: (1) personal factors, (2) social factors and (3) investigational settings. In addition to introducing new constructs, divergent perspectives have emphasised the interplay between these components and challenged the mechanisms connecting them. Based on these findings, we extend previous classifications in the literature by providing a framework that integrates divergent perspectives with the field's knowledge base, helping establish future research avenues and improving the theorising process of entrepreneurial intention.

DAMAGE TO THE EDUCATION SECTOR DURING THE WAR. WAYS OF INFLUENCE AND RECONSTRUCTION

Goal. The article discusses the main features of behavioral economics as a new section of economic theory. The new direction in theory is a reflection of the actual change in the model of human behavior, the impact of the digital economy on the individual and the transformation of property relations under the influence of the market environment, which brings to the fore the issues of recognition of rules, the definition of reputation as a level of trust and economic ethics. It is shown that serious shifts in property relations in the behavioral economy act as evidence of the profound nature of the changes in the institution of property rights under the influence of ethical, social, psychological and other behavioral assumptions in economic behavior. Methodology. The study is based on dialectics as a scientific and philosophical method of knowledge, a systematic approach, analytical and expert economic method. First of all, behavioral economics relies on observation and experimentation. A distinctive feature of modern research methods has been the development of an economic model of human behavior based on and influenced by empirical facts collected in the field of behavioral and experimental economics. In essence, the paper uses an interdisciplinary methodology, formed by the efforts of both economists and psychologists, is an example of productive interaction between theoretical and experimental sciences. Results. The article systematically and comprehensively analyzes the specificity of behavioral institutions inherent in the digital economy. It has been revealed that academic economists have come to the realization that not only economic, but also all social institutions, the system of norms and rules, moral values are not only important, but vital for the transformation of all types of property, at the same time the role of the institute of property rights is increasing. It is proved that moral norms are not enough to ensure a climate of trust in the economy. It has been argued that it is especially important to minimize transactional losses by achieving a high level of trust of all agents in the leading economic institutions in conditions of decline in economic and business activity. Scientific novelty. Theoretically proved that behavioral economics is formed as a new intellectual platform of scientific community, a new type of scientific thinking, explicitly taking into account psychological, moral and other behavioral assumptions in economic behavior. It is proved that today the digital economy fundamentally changes the model of the institution of property rights, forms innovative business models, which become an important core of behavioral economics. It is indicated that trust forms the reputation of the subjects and institutions of the behavioral economy. Practical Significance. The practical conclusions of the article are that behavioral economics is a new and promising area of research, which has proposed a completely new model of the individual in the economy and has largely changed the view of modern economic science. Behavioral economics has shown and proved how much human behavior in real life deviates from ideal rational behavior. The reasons for modification of the human model in economics under the influence of various economic, social, psychological and other factors are given. In behavioral economics the problem of formation of new forms of realization of institute of property rights is actual, and any paradigm of behavioral economics should solve the problem of trust in interrelations between economic subjects in preservation of property rights system.

BEHAVIORAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY: IMPACT ON HUMAN BEHAVIOR, TRANSFORMATION OF PROPERTY RELATIONS AND LEVELS OF TRUST

Goal. The article discusses the main features of behavioral economics as a new section of economic theory. The new direction in theory is a reflection of the actual change in the model of human behavior, the impact of the digital economy on the individual and the transformation of property relations under the influence of the market environment, which brings to the fore the issues of recognition of rules, the definition of reputation as a level of trust and economic ethics. It is shown that serious shifts in property relations in the behavioral economy act as evidence of the profound nature of the changes in the institution of property rights under the influence of ethical, social, psychological and other behavioral assumptions in economic behavior. Methodology. The study is based on dialectics as a scientific and philosophical method of knowledge, a systematic approach, analytical and expert economic method. First of all, behavioral economics relies on observation and experimentation. A distinctive feature of modern research methods has been the development of an economic model of human behavior based on and influenced by empirical facts collected in the field of behavioral and experimental economics. In essence, the paper uses an interdisciplinary methodology, formed by the efforts of both economists and psychologists, is an example of productive interaction between theoretical and experimental sciences. Results. The article systematically and comprehensively analyzes the specificity of behavioral institutions inherent in the digital economy. It has been revealed that academic economists have come to the realization that not only economic, but also all social institutions, the system of norms and rules, moral values are not only important, but vital for the transformation of all types of property, at the same time the role of the institute of property rights is increasing. It is proved that moral norms are not enough to ensure a climate of trust in the economy. It has been argued that it is especially important to minimize transactional losses by achieving a high level of trust of all agents in the leading economic institutions in conditions of decline in economic and business activity. Scientific novelty. Theoretically proved that behavioral economics is formed as a new intellectual platform of scientific community, a new type of scientific thinking, explicitly taking into account psychological, moral and other behavioral assumptions in economic behavior. It is proved that today the digital economy fundamentally changes the model of the institution of property rights, forms innovative business models, which become an important core of behavioral economics. It is indicated that trust forms the reputation of the subjects and institutions of the behavioral economy. Practical Significance. The practical conclusions of the article are that behavioral economics is a new and promising area of research, which has proposed a completely new model of the individual in the economy and has largely changed the view of modern economic science. Behavioral economics has shown and proved how much human behavior in real life deviates from ideal rational behavior. The reasons for modification of the human model in economics under the influence of various economic, social, psychological and other factors are given. In behavioral economics the problem of formation of new forms of realization of institute of property rights is actual, and any paradigm of behavioral economics should solve the problem of trust in interrelations between economic subjects in preservation of property rights system.

The Emperor Has No Clothes: The Naked Truth About the Construct Validity of Traditional Methods of Gifted Identification

ABSTRACT The field of giftedness legitimates itself on the basis of correlations of gifted-identification measures with future success that do not mean what they often are taken to mean. When one views the inadequacies of these correlations, the field turns out to be much like the emperor who had no clothes. This essay reviews some of the assumptions upon which the legitimacy of much of the field, at least in practice, bases itself, and concludes that because many assumptions are inadequate, so are certain widespread practices of the field. In particular, the fact that measures used in gifted identification predict future success, as measured by conventional societally sanctioned indices of success, does not suggest that those measures actually are complete or even adequate for gifted identification. Society needs new directions for theory, research, and practice.

Theoretical perspectives on organizations and organizing in a post-growth era

The fundamental assumption we base this Special Issue on is that narrow concepts of growth have become the ruling ideas of this age, entrenched both in everyday life and to a considerable extent in the theoretical thinking and traditions of research conducted by organization and management studies scholars. We explain how tacit (or overt) endorsement of unbridled economic growth (the growth imperative) has pernicious practical effects and how it tends to restrict the intellectual base of the field. We argue that notions of degrowth present scholars with challenges as well as opportunities to reframe core assumptions and develop new directions in theory and research. Envisioning a post-COVID 19 world where societies and organizations can flourish without growth is one of the most difficult tasks facing theorists. We approach this challenge first by discussing the hegemonic properties of growth ideology and second by sketching an alternative political economy as a context for reimagining social and economic relations within planetary capacities in a post-growth era. Drawing on degrowth literature in ecological economics, sociology and political ecology, we identify key principles relevant to processes of organizing for a more just and environmentally sustainable future: frugal abundance, conviviality, care, and open relocalization. We conclude by introducing the three articles we feature in this issue along with some thoughts about theorizing policy and regulatory changes needed to generate transformational change and a future research agenda.

Introduction to the Special Issue: Politics, Policies and Diplomacy of Diaspora Governance: New Directions in Theory and Research

This special issue entitled “Politics, Policies and Diplomacy of Diaspora Governance: New Directions in Theory and Research” is a result of a workshop organised by Dr Bahar Baser (Coventry University, UK) and Dr Henio Hoyo (CIDE and UDEM, Mexico) at the Freud Museum on December 6, 2018, and funded by the British Academy / Newton Mobility Grant. Throughout the workshop, diaspora scholars from various fields explored diaspora politics and policies from a variety of perspectives with a special focus on home state policies towards mobilising diasporas. A central theme that has emerged throughout the discussions was the ascending importance of diasporas as non-state actors in international relations and the multifaceted relationships they form with their home and host states as well as other non-governmental organisations. The special issue contains case studies from different parts of the world, from Latin America to the Balkans, from Africa to the Middle East, revealing that there is a growing global trend of engaging diasporas to complex policy mechanisms at home and abroad.

Causation, levels of analysis and explanation in systems ergonomics – A Closer Look at the UK NHS Morecambe Bay investigation

This paper extends an earlier examination of the concept of ‘mesoergonomics’ (Karsh et al., 2014) and its application to Human Factors/Ergonomics (HFE). Karsh et al. (2014) developed a framework for mesoergonomic inquiry based on a set of steps and questions, the purpose of which was to encourage researchers to cross system levels in the studies (e.g., organisation-group-individual levels of analysis) and to explore alternative causal mechanisms and relationships within their data. The present paper further develops the framework and draws on previous work across a diverse range of sources (safety science, systems theory, the sociology of disaster and ethology) which has examined the subject of accident causation, levels of analysis and explanatory factors contributing to system failure. The outcomes from this exercise are a revised framework which seeks to explore what we term ‘isomorphisms’ and includes questions covering: (a) how internal isomorphisms develop or evolve within the system; and, (b) how these isomorphisms are shaped by cultural, professional and other forms of external influence. The workings of the revised framework are illustrated through using the example of the UK NHS Morecambe Bay Investigation (Kirkup, 2015). The paper concludes with a summary of ways forward for the framework, as well as new directions for theory within systems ergonomics/human factors.

CONFERENCE REPORT: Politics, Policies and Diplomacy of Diaspora Governance: New Directions in Theory and Research

On December 6, 2018, academics from across Europe and beyond gathered at London’s Freud Museum for a conference on the politics, policies and diplomacy of diaspora governance. This conference was organized by Senior Research Fellow Dr Bahar Baser from the Centre for Trust, Peace and Social Relations (CTPSR), Coventry University, UK and Dr Henio Hoyo, Research Professor from the Department of Social Sciences/School of Law and Social Sciences, Universidad de Monterrey (UDEM) Monterrey, Mexico.

Crime Victims’ Decisions to Call the Police: Past Research and New Directions

Over the past 50 years, researchers in the United States and abroad have debated the inherent inequities within justice systems that contribute to the underreporting of crime to the police. Our review summarizes existing knowledge about victim reporting and outlines new directions in theory and empirical research that situate this work within a broader perspective on victim help-seeking. We begin with a short review of the historical development of research on victim reporting and its implications for research and social policy. We then review and critique major explanations of victims’ reporting behavior and outline a new integrated multilevel framework. This model draws on the broader help-seeking literature to study police notification and other forms of victim help-seeking as interrelated systems that respond to social-contextual factors and feedback effects. We conclude by outlining the core empirical implications of this multilevel theoretical framework and illuminating the most significant data and research needs.

Throwing Our Weight Around: Fat Girls, Protest, and Civil Unrest

Throwing Our Weight Around: Fat Girls, Protest, and Civil Unrest

Global Cybersecurity: New Directions in Theory and Methods

This thematic issue advocates a range of novel theoretical and methodological directions applicable to cybersecurity studies. Drawing on critical International Relations theory, Science and Technology Studies, participant observation, quantitative political science, and other social science methods and theory, the contributors advance modes of invigorating the exploration of cybersecurity as an assemblage of sociotechnical practices. In so doing, this issue seeks to enhance understanding of the politics and strategies of cybersecurity, one of the most complex and diverse technical and political challenges of our contemporary world.

Accelerating employee-related scholarship in service management

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to accelerate research related to the employee-facets of service management by summarizing current developments in multiple research streams, providing propositions, and articulating new directions for theory and empirical inquiry.Design/methodology/approachSeven scholars provide short reviews of the core topics and findings from four employee-related research streams – collective turnover, service climate, emotional labor, and occupational stress; and generate propositions to guide future theoretical and empirical work. Four distinguished service scholars – David Bowen, Ray Fisk, Christian Grönroos, and Jochen Wirtz comment upon these research streams and provide future directions for accelerating employee-related research in service management.FindingsAll four research-streams yield insights that have the potential to advance service management research. Commentaries from the distinguished scholars further integrate this work with key concerns within service management including technology-enablement, transformative services, and service strategy.Originality/valueThis paper is unique in its scope of coverage of management topics related to service and its aim to promote interdisciplinary dialog between service management scholars and researchers conducting employee-related research relevant to services.

Current Developments in Leader Member Exchange (LMX): A Research Incubator

Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) has been studied for over 40 years in the Management literature and scholars have repeatedly demonstrated its relevance and importance in the organizational context showing significant relationships with almost every leadership outcome variable (Gertsner & Day, 1997; Sin et al., 2009). Studies have been conducted across the globe and consistent results have been found, indicating its international importance (Dulebohn et al., 2012; Rockstahl, Ang, & Shore, 2012). LMX is the 3rd most studied leadership model over the period from 2000-2013 (Dinh et al., 2014), however, the LMX literature is in need of a critical rejuvenation with regards to new directions for theory and research, lest this prolific research advancement stagnate. This panel symposium will provide a forum for scholars to discuss several promising areas of inquiry for future LMX research, participants to network with top LMX scholars in order to advance LMX research, and perhaps develop collaborator relationships.

Cheating in the Workplace: New Directions in Theory and Research

In recent years, scholarly interest in unethical behavior in the workplace has been rapidly increasing. Recent research in this area has highlighted that unethical behavior is routinely committed by “ordinary&x201D; people – people who generally care about morality, yet cheat when given the opportunity. However, the literature on workplace cheating behavior is still in its infancy; we lack a precise understanding of the processes and mechanisms underlying cheating behavior and the outcomes for individuals and organizations. Drawing upon multiple theoretical perspectives and methodologies, this symposium brings together leading experts to provide new insights that can contribute to a richer and more precise understanding of workplace cheating behavior. Together, the four paper presentations will enhance our understanding of (a) the organization-level antecedents that can lead to workplace cheating behavior (e.g., performance pressure), (b) cognitive and affective mechanisms (e.g., self-concern, anger) explaining the link between antecedents and cheating behavior, (c) organization- level (e.g., codes of conduct) and individual-level (e.g., self- affirmation) factors that moderate the likelihood that employees will engage in cheating behavior, and (c) organizationally- relevant outcomes (e.g., complaint intentions) at both the individual and interpersonal level that may follow from cheating. The session will conclude with an interactive discussion led by Dr. Scott Reynolds aimed at integrating our knowledge in this area as well as identifying promising new research avenues.

Dress History: New Directions in Theory and Practice. Eds. CharlotteNicklas and AnnebellaPollen. Bloomsbury, 2015. 215 pp. $29.95

Dress History: New Directions in Theory and Practice. Eds. CharlotteNicklas and AnnebellaPollen. Bloomsbury, 2015. 215 pp. $29.95

Fat Sex: New Directions in Theory and Activism Helen Hester and Caroline Walters (Eds)

Fat Sex: New Directions in Theory and Activism <i>Helen Hester and Caroline Walters (Eds)</i>

Fine-Tuning Problems in Relational Psychoanalysis: New Directions in Theory and Praxis

Relational approaches to contemporary psychoanalysis and psychotherapy have garnered international appeal for the way they apply to clinical practice across many mental health disciplines and population groups. Despite the recent success of the relational movement, theoretical fine-tuning problems still persist. Throughout this article I will revisit what I find to be the greatest theoretical challenges to relational perspectives requiring amendment and rectification: namely, the negation of biological drives, and the displacement of the unconscious. After championing the value of relational principles in the consulting room, I offer my own view of what constitutes effective praxis with regards to clinical theory and technique.

Dress History: New Directions in Theory and Practice

Dress History: New Directions in Theory and Practice builds on Lou Taylor’s 2002 publication The Study of Dress History, and readers will benefit from familiarity with Taylor’s work before beginnin...

A decade of CSCL

This issue of ijCSCL completes a decade of publication of CSCL research. When the field of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning emerged about a decade prior to the launching of the journal, there was a pervasive sense of a paradigm revolution in learning research (Koschmann 1996). It was time to transcend cognitive science’s critique of behaviorism, extending the unit of cognition beyond the boundaries of the individual mind (Stahl 2015c). For instance, new directions in theory surfaced around the influential Institute for Learning Research (Brown et al., 1989; Lave & Wenger 1991; Orr 1990; Suchman 1987; Teasley & Roschelle 1993; Winograd & Flores 1986), as well as in distributed cognition (Hutchins 1996), activity theory (Engestrom 1987) and conversation analysis (Goodwin D Damsa 2014; Jones et al., 2006; Overdijk et al., 2014; Stahl 2012; 2013a). Cognitive science argued that human behavior could not be modeled without hypothesizing cognitive structures like mental representations and computations, which mediated responses to the environment, particularly linguistic responses (Chomsky 1959). However, the cognitive approach did not consider structures of interaction at the dialogical, small-group and community level, where language is primarily learned and practiced. Artificial intelligence—which exerted an important influence on CSCL—had already conceptualized cognition as taking place outside the human mind, in software computations and digital representations. The new post-cognitive theories began to postulate structures and practices at the group level, although they did not always clearly distinguish small groups from larger social institutions. Dialogical, interactional and practice-oriented approaches in CSCL have elaborated these conceptions within the context of collaborative learning (Cress & Kimmerle 2008; Ligorio et al., 2013; Oner 2013; Stahl et al., 2014). While the post-cognitive paradigm dominates CSCL theory and seems particularly appropriate to a field focused on group collaboration, it has perhaps been less influential in the areas of technology design and analysis methodology. CSCL research often relies upon technologies designed on a model of individual learning and knowledge transfer, rather than on an Intern. J. Comput.-Support. Collab. Learn (2015) 10:337–344 DOI 10.1007/s11412-015-9222-2