New Developments In Area Research Articles

Role of Executive Function in Response to a Problem Solving Based Psychoeducational Intervention in Adolescents with Psychosis: The PIENSA Trial Revisited.

An improvement in negative symptoms and a reduction in the number of visits to the emergency department have been reported in a problem solving based psychoeducational group intervention (PE) for adolescents with psychosis relative to a nonstructured group (NS). One of the factors that may play a role on the response to PE treatment is executive function (EF), a crucial cognitive domain for problem-solving performance. We aimed to examine the role of EF in response to PE treatment versus an NS group. We examined the associations between changes in cognition and in clinical/functional variables within each treatment group using Spearman-ranked and partial correlation analyses. A total of 22 individuals (mean age: 16.3) were randomized to PE (N = 10) and NS (N = 12). We found an association between improvements in EF performance and a reduction in positive symptoms (rs = –0.756, p = 0.030 for semantic fluency), reduction in negative symptoms (r = 0.758, p = 0.029 for semantic; rs = –0,733, p = 0.025 for verbal fluency), and reduction in the number of visits to the emergency department (r = –0,743, p = 0.035 for semantic fluency) in the PE group. No associations were found in the NS group. Our results suggest that EF may play a role in the specific improvements observed in the PE group. This may have implications in the development of new areas of clinical intervention focusing on the role of cognitive functioning in response to psychosocial treatments in psychosis.

Social Media Analytics, Wearable Technology, and the Internet-of-Things

Discusses new areas of development involving social media analytics, wearable technologies, and the Internet of Things.

Editorial

Editorial

Raymond Hide. 17 May 1929—6 September 2016

Raymond Hide was a physicist who worked at the interfaces between fundamental hydrodynamics, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), the geophysics of the Earth's interior, atmosphere and oceans and those of other planets. He received his PhD from the University of Cambridge, and spent the majority of his career at the Met Office and then the University of Oxford. In laboratory studies of sloping thermal convection carried out at Cambridge in the early 1950s he discovered various regimes of vacillation and other multiply-periodic intransitive flows as well as aperiodic flows, now recognized as a form of geostrophic turbulence. These findings influenced seminal mathematical studies of what came to be known as deterministic chaos, and provided a paradigm for interpreting large-scale flows in the atmospheres of the Earth and other planets. Related contributions include general theoretical results tested by crucial laboratory experiments on boundary layers, Taylor columns and detached shear layers. His contributions to MHD include the concepts of potential magnetic field and magnetic superhelicity. He also initiated research on the dynamo origin of the magnetic fields of Jupiter and other major planets and its implications for their internal structure and dynamics. His extensive research on fluctuations of the Earth's rotation led to new developments in areas as diverse as meteorology and climatology and studies of the structure and dynamics of the Earth's deep interior.

Millimeterwave and Submillimeterwave Laboratory Spectroscopy in Support of Observational Astronomy

The recent advancements in far-infrared (far-IR) astronomy brought about by the Herschel, SOFIA, and ALMA observatories have led to technological advancements in millimeterwave and submillimeterwave laboratory spectroscopy that is used to support molecular observations. This review gives an overview of rotational spectroscopy and its relationship with observational astronomy, as well as an overview of laboratory spectroscopic techniques focusing on both historical approaches and new advancements. Additional topics discussed include production and detection techniques for unstable molecular species of astrochemical interest, data analysis approaches that address spectral complexity and line confusion, and the current state of and limitations to spectral line databases. Potential areas for new developments in this field are also reviewed. To advance the field, the following challenges must be addressed: ▪ Data acquisition speed, spectral sensitivity, and analysis approaches for complex mixtures and broadband spectra are the greatest limitations—and hold the greatest promise for advancement—in this field of research. ▪ Full science return from far-IR observatories cannot be realized until laboratory spectroscopy catches up with the data rate for observations. ▪ New techniques building on those used in the microwave and IR regimes are required to fill the terahertz gap.

Analysis and Сlassifiсatiоn оf the Main Faсtоrs Determining Mоdern Internatiоnal Connections оf Regiоns оf States

Intrоduсtiоn. International connections of regions are a dynamic category that is influenced by a whole range of factors related to the geopolitical position of the country, its ethnic composition, and the current political situation in the world. Therefore, the study of this issue is of considerable relevance. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and classify the factors that determine the modern international connections of regions of states. Materials and Methods. Modern works by leading scientists and the current legal framework in the field of international connections of regions of states were used as materials of the study. The systematic analysis, structural and functional analysis, specific historical analysis as well as political and legal analysis formed the methodological basis. Results. The author has analyzed the factors determining the modern international connections of regions of states, compiled a classification of these factors. The main groups of factors determining the international connections of regions of states have been identified: the form of government and features of the implementation of regional powers in international cooperation, geopolitical factors, factors of socio-economic development, factors of special types of regions of states in international cooperation, confessional factors, and ethnic factors. Based on the modern scientific knowledge and the relevant legal framework, it has been identified that the form of government structure determines the powers of regions in international cooperation and is a major factor in the international connections of regions. Discussion and Conclusion. Analysis and classification of the factors determining the modern international connections of regions of states make it possible to contribute to the assessment of the current state of Russia’s international connections. The results of the study can be used by the relevant authorities when determining new areas of development of international connections of Russia’s regions.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ БЮДЖЕТУВАННЯ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВІ ЯК ЧАСТИНА УПРАВЛІНСЬКОГО ОБЛІКУ

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of budgeting organization at the enterprise. In order to increase the level of competitiveness and quality of risk management, it is important to improve managemant accounting and financial planning. So it is necessary to adjust the budgeting system at the enterprise. However, problems often arise when they are based on generally accepted forms of budgets that do not provide full and useful information for management. Therefore, it is expedient to determine the goals of budgeting and the stages of organization of budgeting. The advantages and problems of budgeting have been explored, tasks are to be performed due to the organized budgeting system. The stages of the budgeting organization at the enterprise are noted, the importance of considering of strategic goals in the development of budgets, the need for a working group on budgeting, the possibility of transferring the process of development of budgets and budgeting to outsourcing, as well as the availability of a new cycle in the event of changes to the budgets, is presented. The given stages of budgeting organization allow to adjust budgeting in accordance with the objectives of management and strategy of the enterprise, which increases the efficiency of the activity. It is noticed that proposed budgeting organization is universal and can be used by different enterprises regardless of the specifics of the activity. Also the ability to separate processes into different working groups, as well as the transfer of processes for outsourcing with considering strategic goals, will save money on the development of new areas of activity. It is concluded that budgeting can increase the effectiveness of the activity and motivate employees to execute budgets through financial planning and risk forecasting.

Polymer Science and Engineering Using Deep Eutectic Solvents.

The green and versatile character of deep eutectic solvents (DES) has turned them into significant tools in the development of green and sustainable technologies. For this purpose, their use in polymeric applications has been growing and expanding to new areas of development. The present review aims to summarize the progress in the field of DES applied to polymer science and engineering. It comprises fundamentals studies involving DES and polymers, recent applications of DES in polymer synthesis, extraction and modification, and the early developments on the formulation of DES–polymer products. The combination of DES and polymers is highly promising in the development of new and ‘greener’ materials. Still, there is plenty of room for future research in this field.

The mechanism of polarization leveling in the development of multi-level territorial socio-economic systems

The article reveals the structure and functions of the polarization leveling mechanism elements in the development of multi-level territorial socio-economic systems. As the main directions of leveling the polarization of territories, the formation of zones of advanced development, the formation of growth points in them, the prevention of depressive areas, the formation of areas of new development, which should be provided by taking advantage of the spatial location, the existing natural potential, the generation of innovations and the implementation of institutional advantages. Also, the factors of leveling and polarization of socio-economic development of regions are systematized. Polarization in the socio-economic development of territorial entities is considered as a result of the action of the market element. Leveling, on the contrary, is recognized as a field for state and municipal authorities. The criterion of optimality of differences in socio-economic development is considered by analogy with the methods of justice assessment. Comparisons of equity are considered horizontally and vertically. Horizontally, equal differences in indicators of social and economic development are recognized as fair. Vertically – the presence of differences in the same indicators, but equally. As the main criterion of horizontal optimality, the author suggests a coincidence in the rating of the quality of life of the population and the level of labor productivity in certain territorial entities. As a criterion of optimality of differences in the level of socio-economic development of territories, which is provided by the redistribution of resources, it is proposed to achieve the maximum level of growth in production in the future. Project management of territorial systems is considered as an effective measure to level polarization in the development of multi-level territorial socio-economic systems. The structure of the system of relevant institutions is shown.

Assessing the impact of space debris on orbital resource in life cycle assessment: A proposed method and case study

The space sector is a new area of development for Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies. However, it deals with strong particularities which complicate the use of LCA. One of the most important is that the space industry is the only human activity crossing all stages of the atmosphere during the launch event or the atmospheric re-entry. As a result, interactions occur not only with the natural environment but also with the orbital environment during the use phase and the end-of-life of space missions. In this context, there is a lack of indicators and methods to characterise the complete life-cycle of space systems including their impact on the orbital environment. The end-of-life of spacecraft is of particular concern: space debris proliferation is today a concrete threat for all space activities. Therefore, the proposed work aims at characterising the orbital environment in term of space debris crossing the orbital resource. A complete methodology and a set of characterisation factors at midpoint level are provided. They are based on two factors: (i) the exposure to space debris in a given orbit and (ii) the severity of a potential spacecraft break-up leading to the release of new debris in the orbital environment. Then, we demonstrate the feasibility of such approach through three theoretical post-mission disposal scenarios based on the Sentinel-1A mission parameters. The results are discussed against the propellant consumption needed in each case with the purpose of addressing potential ‘burden shifting’ that could occur between the Earth environment and the orbital one.

Endoscopic foregut surgery and interventions: The future is now. The state-of-the-art and my personal journey.

In this paper, I reviewed the emerging field of endoscopic surgery and present data supporting the contention that endoscopy can now be used to treat many foregut diseases that have been traditionally treated surgically. Within each topic, the content will progress as follows: “lessons learned”, “technical considerations” and “future opportunities”. Lessons learned will provide a brief background and update on the most current literature. Technical considerations will include my personal experience, including tips and tricks that I have learned over the years. Finally, future opportunities will address current unmet needs and potential new areas of development. The foregut is defined as “the upper part of the embryonic alimentary canal from which the pharynx, esophagus, lung, stomach, liver, pancreas, and part of the duodenum develop”. Foregut surgery is well established in treating conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), achalasia, esophageal diverticula, Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, gastric-outlet obstruction, and obesity. Over the past decade, remarkable progress in interventional endoscopy has culminated in the conceptualization and practice of endoscopic foregut surgery for various clinical conditions summarized in this paper. Regarding GERD, there are now several technologies available to effectively treat it and potentially eliminate symptoms, and the need for long-term treatment with proton pump inhibitors. For the first time, fundoplication can be performed without the need for open or laparoscopic surgery. Long-term data going out 5-10 years are now emerging showing extended durability. In respect to achalasia, per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) which was developed in Japan, has become an alternative to the traditional Heller’s myotomy. Recent meta-analysis show that POEM may have better results than Heller, but the issue of post-POEM GERD still needs to be addressed. There is now a resurgence of endoscopic treatment of Zenker’s diverticula with improved technique (Z-POEM) and equipment; thus, patients are choosing flexible endoscopic treatment as opposed to open or rigid endoscopy options. In regard to BE, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) which is well established in Asia, is now becoming more mainstream in the West for the treatment of BE with high grade dysplasia, as well as early esophageal cancer. In combination with all the ablation technologies (radiofrequency ablation, cryotherapy, hybrid argon plasma coagulation), the entire spectrum of Barrett’s and related dysplasia and early cancer can be managed predominantly by endoscopy.Importantly, in regard to early gastric cancer and submucosal tumors (SMTs) of the stomach, ESD and full thickness resection (FTR) can excise these lesions en-bloc and endoscopic suturing is now used to close large defects and perforations. For treatment of patients with malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO), endoscopic gastro-jejunostomy is now showing better results than enteral stenting. G-POEM is also emerging as a treatment option for patients with gastroparesis. Obesity has become an epidemic in many western countries and is becoming also prevalent in Asia. Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) is now becoming an established treatment option, especially for obese patients with body mass index between 30 and 35. Data show an average weight loss of 16 kg after ESG with long-term data confirming sustainability. Finally, in respect to endo-hepatology, there are many new endoscopic interventions that have been developed for patients with liver disease. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided liver biopsy and EUS-guided portal pressure measurement are exciting new frontiers for the endo-hepatologists.

ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ГРАМОТНОСТЬ КАК ЗНАЧИМЫЙ КОМПОНЕНТ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ КОМПЕТЕНЦИИ БУДУЩЕГО ВРАЧА (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ЛАТИНСКОЙ КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИИ ТРАНСПЛАНТОЛОГИИ)

Background. The study raises the issue of forming terminological literacy of medical students while studying medical clinical terminology of Latin and Ancient Greek origin applied in new areas of medical science. The aim of the study is to determine the place and role of terms of Latin and Ancient Greek origin in forming professional competence of future medical specialists as an essential component of their training during active development of new areas of medical science. Research methods – universal scientific methods of observation and classification; descriptive method (methods of structural and semantic analysis). The material of the study: the terms obtained by continuous sampling method from special medical texts. Results and conclusions. The fundamental principle for the competent use of the medical clinical term is learning a certain number of Greek-Latin roots, which are the “terminological keys” for understanding the mechanism of forming and functioning of new terms.

Design and Performance of Microwave Components for ECH and ECE Applications at General Atomics

This paper provides an overview of high power components for the application of Electron Cyclotron Heating transmission lines, and broadband devices for Electron Cyclotron Emission detection systems. The unique fabrication and assembly challenges are discussed, particularly in the context of ITER. The ITER ECH system will require robust, vacuum-compatible components such as polarizers, dummy loads, and switches that are sufficiently cooled to withstand 1 MW for 3,600 seconds. These elements, along with overmoded corrugated waveguide, are necessary to form transmission lines with efficiencies of 90%, and 90% transmitted HE11mode purity. Recent high power test results are summarized and scaled from the 63.5 mm internal diameter design to the 50 mm diameter version that will be used for ITER. Elements designed for Electron Cyclotron Emission detection and reflectometry systems are discussed, such as frequency filters and polarization rotators. The large frequency operating range of corrugated waveguide is exploited for such applications. The application of additive manufacturing technology towards both low and high power components is considered as a promising new area of development.

Relations between polish and moscow mathematicians in the first half of the XXth century

The article is devoted to the appearance of the famous Warsaw mathematical School of V. Sierpinski and Lviv School of Functional Analysis of S. Banach. These schools have played an important role in the development of new areas of mathematics in the first half of the 20th century. Particular attention is paid to the interrelations between Polish and Moscow mathematicians in the period between the two world wars. Most of their outstanding results, especially in topology, Moscow scientists published in the newly created Polish mathematical journals. The leaders of the schools constantly maintained close friendly relations, as evidenced by the surviving letters of N. N. Luzin and V. Sierpinsky, P. S. Uryson and K. Kuratovsky, N. K. Bari and A. Rajchman, in which, among others, the organization of mathematical research was discussed. The participation of Polish scientists in the work of several important mathematical forums held at that time in the USSR was covered: the First Congress of Mathematicians of the USSR in Kharkov (1930), the International Conference on Differential Geometry and Tensor Analysis (Moscow, 1934) and the International Topological Conference (Moscow, 1935). It is noted that in Moscow and in Polish universities in the first half of the 20th century scientific student seminars were starting to work, the themes of which also have indicated the constant interest of both Polish and Moscow mathematicians in their colleagues research.

A review of computational drug repurposing.

Although sciences and technology have progressed rapidly, de novo drug development has been a costly and time-consuming process over the past decades. In view of these circumstances, ‘drug repurposing’ (or ‘drug repositioning’) has appeared as an alternative tool to accelerate drug development process by seeking new indications for already approved drugs rather than discovering de novo drug compounds, nowadays accounting for 30% of newly marked drugs in the U.S. In the meantime, the explosive and large-scale growth of molecular, genomic and phenotypic data of pharmacological compounds is enabling the development of new area of drug repurposing called computational drug repurposing. This review provides an overview of recent progress in the area of computational drug repurposing. First, it summarizes available repositioning strategies, followed by computational methods commonly used. Then, it describes validation techniques for repurposing studies. Finally, it concludes by discussing the remaining challenges in computational repurposing.

MODEL OF CONNECTIVITY OF TERRITORIES BY AIR TRANSPORT

For the English full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version).ABSTRACT Ensuring the transport connectivity of territories plays a system-forming role in development of new areas, as well as in maintaining security and economic growth. From this point of view, finding ways for optimal and balanced development of a particular mode of transport to combine the interests of the regions already at the stage of preliminary consideration of project tasks is necessary. A model of expediency of the use of air transport in solving problems of connectivity of territories is proposed. The authors apply it to examples of connectivity between different regions and to different aircrafts. The model is also suitable for assessing the role of other modes of transport. Keywords: accessibility of territories, transport network, air transport, model of connectivity of territories.

New Developments in Pichia pastoris Expression System, Review and Update.

Although Pichia pastoris is an outstanding host among conventional expression systems for production of recombinant proteins, a new interest has been emerged to this system due to the inherent advantages and new developments in this expression host. The potential for secretory and soluble expression of heterologous glycoproteins in P. pastoris proposed this system as a candidate for the production of complex eukaryotic proteins. Several new developments have occurred in different areas related to P. pastoris expression system including hosts, vectors, glycosylation pattern and fermentation technology. Strain engineering using Crispr/Cas9 technology to produce human-like glycoproteins and protease deficient strains are two new areas of development with high importance. This review is dedicated to discuss the most important characteristics of P. pastoris with emphasis on new developments, especially in the field of glycoengineering, efficient expression vectors and promoters. New developments that occurred in the P. pastoris expression system converted this system to a versatile host for the production of complex proteins. This progress paved the way for several proteins to enter the clinical trials or industrial processes with this valuable expression host.

Atuação do enfermeiro na cirurgia robótica: desafios e perspectivas

Objetivo: Identificar os principais desafios e perspectivas da atuação do enfermeiro na cirurgia robótica. Método: Revisão integrativa, realizadanas bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), PubMed e ScienceDirect, de artigos publicados entre 2008e abril de 2015; amostra constituída por 11 artigos. Para análise dos dados, realizou-se síntese das informações extraídas conforme o objetivo, buscandoidentificar as evidências. Resultados: A busca resultou na identificação de 281 estudos, sendo 225 na ScienceDirect, 51 na PubMed e cinco na LILACS.Foram selecionados 11 estudos que atendiam aos critérios de inclusão e estavam alinhados à questão norteadora, sendo 9 qualitativos, 1 revisão sistemáticade ensaio clínico randomizado e 1 estudo de validação. Conclusão: Evidenciaram-se como desafios: segurança do paciente, capacitação da equipe edesenvolvimento de competências. Em relação às possibilidades, observaram-se uma nova área de atuação em desenvolvimento, a importância da educaçãopermanente e da inovação para a melhoria no atendimento aos pacientes cirúrgicos.

Efficacy of bovine lactoferrin in the post-surgical treatment of patients suffering from bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: an open-label study

Osteonecrosis of the jaws is an emerging pathological condition characterized by un-exposure or exposure of the necrotic bone, independently from the etiology. This term is usually referred to medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws due to severe adverse reaction to certain medicines, as bisphosphonates, used for the treatment of cancer and osteoporosis. The management of patients with Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws (BRONJ) remains challenging because surgical and medical interventions may not eradicate this pathology. The goal of treatment of patients at risk of developing BRONJ or of those who have active disease is the preservation of quality of life by controlling pain, managing infection, and preventing the development of new areas of necrosis. The treatment of osteonecrosis consists in the surgical removal of necrotic bone followed by antibiotic therapy and application of sterile greasy gauze until the wound closure. The classical medical treatment has been compared with the innovative one consisting in the application of sterile greasy gauze soaked with bovine lactoferrin (bLf) after surgery. Here, for the first time, bLf efficacy on wound repair in subjects suffering from BRONJ with the progressive destruction of bone in the mandible or maxilla has been demonstrated. The positive results consist in a significant shorter time of wound closure (1 or 2weeks) compared to that observed with classical surgical treatment (2-3months). These promising results are an interesting tool for the innovative treatment of this pathology and for increasing the quality of life of these patients.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ПРИГОРОДНЫХ ЗОН ЕВРОПЕЙСКИХ ГОРОДОВ. НИДЕРЛАНДЫ

The article discusses formation of the suburban zones of the cities of the largest European conurbation of Rundstad of the Kingdom of the Netherlands by the example of planning the development of the metropolitan area of Utrecht with the participation of European commissions, government programs and the urban population. The Randstad conurbation modelis described, consisting of four agglomerations, each of which plays its role as a region. The article considers one of the components of the Randstad settlement system in the province of Utrecht, with its administrative division, functional focus, features and advantages of location. The main ideas of the third industrial revolution brought to Europe by the American economist and sociologist Jeremy Rifkin are described, which made it possible to develop cities and ensure their ecological sustainability on the basis of renewable energy sources, including the creation of master plans for cities. The initiatives and implemented projects of the VINEX program for the development of new areas in the suburban area of Utrecht are explored.