Abstract
This paper provides an overview of high power components for the application of Electron Cyclotron Heating transmission lines, and broadband devices for Electron Cyclotron Emission detection systems. The unique fabrication and assembly challenges are discussed, particularly in the context of ITER. The ITER ECH system will require robust, vacuum-compatible components such as polarizers, dummy loads, and switches that are sufficiently cooled to withstand 1 MW for 3,600 seconds. These elements, along with overmoded corrugated waveguide, are necessary to form transmission lines with efficiencies of 90%, and 90% transmitted HE11mode purity. Recent high power test results are summarized and scaled from the 63.5 mm internal diameter design to the 50 mm diameter version that will be used for ITER. Elements designed for Electron Cyclotron Emission detection and reflectometry systems are discussed, such as frequency filters and polarization rotators. The large frequency operating range of corrugated waveguide is exploited for such applications. The application of additive manufacturing technology towards both low and high power components is considered as a promising new area of development.
Highlights
This paper provides an overview of high power components for the application of Electron Cyclotron Heating transmission lines, and broadband devices for Electron Cyclotron Emission detection systems
Experience gained from the practical application of electron cyclotron heating (ECH) systems such as at DIII-D, KSTAR, JT-60, NIFS, and EAST has led to steady improvements along with numerous innovations
General Atomics (GA) has designed, built, and tested many prototype components that may be used for the ITER ECH transmission line
Summary
Microwave technology for fusion devices has evolved considerably over the past several decades. Experience gained from the practical application of electron cyclotron heating (ECH) systems such as at DIII-D, KSTAR, JT-60, NIFS, and EAST has led to steady improvements along with numerous innovations. DIII-D’s ECH systems include eight 90meter transmission lines. GA has since provided numerous full-transmission line sets of components to a number of tokamak devices over the world. These components include corrugated waveguide, miter bends, polarizers, power monitors, waveguide switches, dummy loads, expansion units, pumping tees, tapers, DC-breaks, and gate valves. As will be discussed in this review of microwave components and update on the state-of-the-art, each application has its own set of unique design criteria. A final section on additive manufacturing discusses a tantalizing future area of exploration
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