Neutrophil Phagocytic Function Research Articles

Disruption of the Functional Activity of Neutrophil Granulocytes as a Risk Factor for the Development of Lung Damage in Pregnant Women with COVID-19.

Currently, the assessment of immune status in patients with COVID-19 is limited to determining the count of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and the phagocytic function of neutrophils, which is insufficient to understand the regulatory role of innate immunity cells in the development of pneumonia. However, no such studies have been conducted in pregnant women with COVID-19. The aim of this study was to investigate the functional state of neutrophil granulocytes in order to identify predictors of pneumonia severity risk in pregnant women with COVID-19. A clinical characterization of pregnant women with COVID-19 in addition to minimal and average lung changes was provided. The composition and ratio of morphological forms of leukocyte cells were studied. Cytochemical studies of neutrophil granulocytes were carried out and calculations of the mean cytological index (MCI) for succinate dehydrogenase, myeloperoxidase, and cationic proteins were performed. The number of NETs in blood smears was counted. Independent predictors of pneumonia severity in pregnant women with COVID-19 were calculated using regression analysis. The quality of the model was assessed using ROC analysis. In pregnant women with COVID-19 and an average volume of lung changes, the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (p = 0.03) and band neutrophils (p = 0.002) in the blood was significantly higher than in pregnant women with minimal lung changes. The MCI indicators of succinate dehydrogenase, cationic proteins, and myeloperoxidase in pregnant women with COVID-19 were reduced in relation to the control group (p < 0.0001). In blood smears of pregnant women with COVID-19 and an average volume of lung changes, the number of NETs increased (p = 0.002). Regression analysis showed that succinate dehydrogenase and NETs are independent predictors of pneumonia severity in pregnant women with COVID-19. Our study confirms the prognostic significance of low levels of neutrophilic succinate dehydrogenase and high levels of NETs in the blood of pregnant women with COVID-19. The combination of these two biomarkers is a significant reflection of the severity of pneumonia development in pregnant women with COVID-19. However, further research is needed to identify the mechanisms underlying this association.

Comparative study of the effects of fresh and canned Naftussya bioactive water on neuro-endocrine-immune complex and metabolism in chronic pyelonephritis patients

Background. There are several patented methods of preservation of medicinal waters of the Naftussya type. The authors of the patents as evidence of the correctness of the methods cite the facts of preservation of the ability of canned water to enhance motility rat’s v. portae in vitro and/or increase diuresis. However, such tests are not attributive. The most characteristic manifestation of the biological activity of Naftussya water is the stimulation of phagocytosis through the mediation of the nervous and endocrine systems. Another "Method of preservation of hydrogen sulfide mineral waters" was recently patented. The purpose of this study is to compare the impact of fresh and canned by this method Naftussya water on its targets in patients with chronic pyelonephritis. Materials and Methods. The object of clinical-physiological observation were residents of the city of Truskavets’ (21 men aged 24-67 years and 8 women 33-76 years) with chronic pyelonephritis in remission. The subject of the study were the phagocytic function of neutrophils, excretory function of kidneys, leukocyturia and bacteriuria levels, components of microbiota of feces as well as HRV and endocrine parameters. Results. Weekly use of fresh Naftussya water causes an increase in the reduced content of probiotics in the microbiota and a decrease in the increased content of conditionally pathogenic microflora, which is accompanied by an increase in reduced bactericidal capacity of neutrophils against both E. coli and Staph. aureus, normal diuresis, phosphaturia, magnesiumuria, ureauria while reduction of bacteriuria and leveling of leukocyturia as well as decrease in concentration of uric acid in urine and creatinine and cholesterol in plasma. Favorable changes in neuro-endocrine regulation were revealed. The beneficial effect on the listed parameters of canned Naftussya water is less pronounced, but the differences are statistically insignificant. Conclusion. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of the Dovzhenko© method for Naftusya water conservation and provide grounds for continuing research into the effects of canned Naftusya water on the body of urological patients.

Comparative study of the attributive effects of fresh and canned Naftussya water

Background. There are several patented methods of preservation of medicinal waters of the Naftussya type. The authors of the patents as evidence of the correctness of the methods cite the facts of preservation of the ability of canned water to enhance motility rat’s v. portae in vitro and/or increase diuresis. However, such tests are not attributive. The most characteristic manifestation of the biological activity of Naftussya water is the stimulation of phagocytosis. Another "Method of preservation of hydrogen sulfide mineral waters" was recently patented. Based on the above, we will use attributive tests for its verification. Materials and Methods. The object of clinical-physiological observation were residents of the city of Truskavets’ (21 men aged 24-67 years and 8 women 33-76 years) with chronic pyelonephritis in remission. The subject of the study were the phagocytic function of neutrophils, excretory function of kidneys as well as leukocyturia and bacteriuria levels and components of microbiota of feces. Results. Weekly use of fresh Naftussya water causes an increase in the reduced content of probiotics in the microbiota and a decrease in the increased content of conditionally pathogenic microflora, which is accompanied by an increase in reduced bactericidal capacity of neutrophils against both E. coli and Staph. aureus, normal diuresis, phosphaturia, magnesiumuria, ureauria while reduction of bacteriuria and leveling of leukocyturia as well as decrease in concentration of uric acid in urine and creatinine and cholesterol in plasma. The beneficial effect on the listed parameters of canned Naftussya water is less pronounced, but the differences are statistically insignificant. Conclusion. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of the Dovzhenko© method for Naftusya water conservation and provide grounds for continuing research into the effects of canned Naftusya water on the body of urological patients.

Pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus: phagocytic defect and oxidase activity of neutrophils.

There are limited data on neutrophil function in pediatric-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (pSLE) patients. This study aimed to evaluate phagocytosis and oxidase activity of neutrophils in patients with pSLE. Eighty-seven patients with pSLE and 44 controls were enrolled. Phagocytic activity was assayed using pHrodoTMRed E. coli BioParticles Phagocytosis Kit by flow cytometry. Determination of NADPH oxidase activity was carried out by Dihyrdrorhodamine-123 (DHR-123) flow cytometry assay. Phagocytic activity of patients' neutrophils (mean 76.59%) was lower than that in controls (91.30%) (p < 0.001). Median delta median fluorescence intensity (ΔMFI) and stimulation index (SI) in patients (ΔMFI: 0.09; SI: 2.79) were also decreased compared to controls (ΔMFI: 0.18; SI: 5.00) (p < 0.002; p < 0.001 respectively). Disease activity showed an inverse correlation with phagocytic activity. Oxidase activity was also significantly low (SI DHR < 40) in 16% of patients. No significant correlation was found between oxidative burst and disease activity. Neutrophil function is impaired in patients with pSLE, as evidenced by the markedly reduced phagocytic activity. Phagocytic activity is also inversely correlated with disease activity. The oxidative activity was also reduced but not significantly. Neutrophil phagocytic function is impaired in pediatric-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (pSLE). There is an inverse correlation between disease activity in pSLE and phagocytic activity. NADPH oxidase activity in patients with pSLE did not show significant correlation with disease activity.

Нейроендокринно-імунний супровід діуретичного ефекту бальнеотерапії на курорті Трускавець

Мета: виявити супутні зміни параметрів нейроендокринно-імунного комплексу і мікробіоценозу товстого кишечника, що супроводжують діуретичний ефект бальнеотерапії на курорті Трускавець. Результати. У спостереженні за 22 чоловіками, хворими на хронічний пієлонефрит в поєднанні з холециститом, виявлено, що 10–12-денний курс бальнеотерапії (пиття біоактивної води «Нафтуся», аплікації озокериту, мінеральні ванни) збільшує добовий діурез на 28 % (p &lt; 0,001). Це поєднується із збільшенням екскреції фосфатів на 103 % (p &lt; 0,001), кальцію — на 76 % (p &lt; 0,01), креатиніну — на 32 % (p &lt; 0,02), сечової кислоти — на 29 % (p &lt; 0,001), сечовини — на 21 % (p &lt; 0,01), магнію — на 19 % (p = 0,05) при відсутності суттєвих змін екскреції хлориду, калію і натрію. При цьому знижується рівень у плазмі креатиніну на 14 % (p &lt; 0,001) і сечовини на 11 % (p &lt; 0,01). Лейкоцитурія зменшується на 16 % (p &lt; 0,02). Екскреторно-депураційний і протизапальний ефекти бальнеотерапії супроводжуються відчутною модуляцією параметрів нейроендокринно-імунного комплексу. Зокрема, зменшується як абсолютна, так і відносна щільність спектральної потужності (PSD) δ- і α-ритмів (p &lt; 0,05–0,01), і підвищується відносна PSD β-ритму (p &lt; 0,05–0,02) базальної електроенцефалограми. Разом з тим знижуються індекси варіабельності ритму серця: (VLF + LF)/HF — на 34 % (p &lt; 0,05) і LF/HF — на 32 % (p &gt; 0,05) за рахунок підвищення PSD HF більшою мірою, ніж LF. Базальний рівень у плазмі кортизолу знижується на 20 % (p &lt; 0,01), тестостерону — на 15 % (p = 0,01), натомість підвищується рівень трийодтироніну — на 4 % (p &lt; 0,05) і особливо кальцитонінової активності — на 92 % (p &lt; 0,001), розрахованої за екскрецією з сечею фосфатів і кальцію. Лейкоцитарний індекс адаптації Поповича зростає на 46 % (p &lt; 0,02). Стосовно параметрів фагоцитарної функції нейтрофілів констатовано підвищення зниженого індексу кілінгу ними Staphylococcus aureus на 19 % (p &lt; 0,001) і Escherichia coli на 18 % (p &lt; 0,01) за відсутності змін початково нормальних фагоцитарних індексів. Мікробне число стосовно Staphylococcus aureus залишається нормальним, а початково підвищена на 15 % інтенсивність фагоцитозу Escherichia coli знижується на 8 % (p &lt; 0,05). Стосовно параметрів імунітету виявлено значуще підвищення рівня в крові лише CD16+ лімфоцитів (+17 %, p &lt; 0,01) при відсутності змін рівнів CD3+CD4+ і CD3+CD8+ Т-лімфоцитів і CD19+ В-лімфоцитів. Не змінюються суттєво ні рівні в сироватці Ig G, M, A, ні циркулюючих імунних комплексів. Імунотропний ефект супроводжується редукцією проявів дисбактеріозу: вміст Bifidumbacter зростає на 19 % (p &lt; 0,02), Lactobacter — на 20 % (p &lt; 0,05), а Escherichia coli — на 48 % (p &lt; 0,01), при цьому доля штамів з ослабленими ферментативними властивостями зменшується на 47 % (p &lt; 0,001), з гемолітичними властивостями — на 77 % (p &lt; 0,01). Висновок. Бальнеотерапія на курорті Трускавець чинить відчутний діуретичний ефект, що поєднується з активацією екскреторної і депураційної функцій нирок та бактерицидної функції нейтрофілів, редукцією дисбактеріозу товстого кишечника, лейкоцитурії і нейроендокринних проявів стресу.

Changes in the cellular composition of blood, phagocytic function of neutrophils in patients with acute coronary syndrome

The aim of this study was to determine changes in the cellular composition of the neutrophil blood, the phagocytic function in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), who underwent coronary artery (CA) stenting. We examined 40 patients with acute coronary syndrome aged 40 to 65 years (mean age 52.58±6.82), who immediately after admission or within the next 72 hours, depending on the clinical situation, underwent coronary angiography and implanted stents with drug Xience Alpine finish. The control group consisted of 30 healthy men who had no contact with harmful production factors, and in whom no clinical, laboratory and instrumental deviations from the norm were detected during medical examinations. Complete blood count (25 parameters: leukocyte, erythrocyte, and platelet hematopoietic sprouts), quantitative and qualitative composition of hematopoietic sprouts was performed by a standardized method on a Medonic M20 hematological analyzer (Sweden). Evaluation of neutrophil phagocytic activity of latex particles with a diameter of 1.7 μm by neutrophils (phagocytosis activity, phagocytosis intensity, phagocytosis number), spontaneous and induced neutrophil HBT activity were recorded by a morphological method (light microscopy using Olimpus microscopes (Japan). Conventional methods were used to assess the functional activity of phagocytes. In patients with ACS, compared to the control group, leukocytosis was observed (10.34±0.764, p&lt;0.001), a relative increase in the number of stab and segmented neutrophils in % (4.98±0.736, p&lt;0.05 and 61.09±1.908, p&lt;0.001, respectively), absolute number of granulocytes -7.30±0.711×10⁹/l (p&lt;0.001), absolute increase in monocytes — 0.92±0.093 (p&lt;0.05). Decreased percentage of lymphocytes -22.43±2.013 (p&lt;0.001). The index of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was 2.95 in the examined patients. rophils in % (38.55±3.230 — ACS, 50.6±3.44 — control, p&lt;0.05), but higher NST induced activity in % (59.73±2.936 versus 39.4±1.51 , respectively, p&lt;0.001) and the index of NBT-induced cell activity (0.90±0.065 vs. 0.63±0.031, respectively, p&lt;0.001). These data indicate the severity of the process and characterize the exacerbation of inflammation in these patients against the background of a decrease in the immune activity of the phagocytic link.

Effect of anti-retroviral therapy on neutrophil phagocytic functions in children

Effect of anti-retroviral therapy on neutrophil phagocytic functions in children

Effects of ascorbic acid supplementation on immune status in healthy women following a single bout of exercise

This study was designed to determine the effects of ascorbic acid (AA) supplementation on immune status following a single bout of exercise. In a crossover design, 20 healthy sedentary women performed 30 min moderate-intensity cycling with (1000AA) or without (0AA) ingesting 1000 mg of AA daily for 1 week. Blood samples were taken immediately before, immediately after and 24 h post-exercise to determine the oxidative stress markers, immunophenotyping of peripheral blood lymphocytes and neutrophil phagocytic function. Moderate-intensity exercise in participants ranged in age from 21 to 23 years, showed no significant changes in oxidative stress markers in both cohorts. Plasma total creatine kinase was increased immediately after exercise and returned to baseline at 24 h post-exercise in both cohorts. Participants ingesting 1000 mg AA demonstrated significant higher level of plasma AA at pre-exercise and post-exercise as compared with the same time point in 0AA group. White blood cell and absolute neutrophil counts were increased immediately after exercise in both cohorts. Exercise resulted in increased lymphocyte count, CD4 + and CD8 + T cell counts immediately after exercise (p < 0.05) in 0AA group. AA supplement mitigated effects of exercise on CD4 + T cells. No significant change in neutrophil phagocytic function were observed when incubated with low or high concentrations of Candida albicans in both cohorts. These results suggested that a single bout of moderate-intensity exercise caused muscle injury with increased absolute CD4 + and CD8 + T cell counts, accompanied by a transient increase in neutrophil count, while their phagocytic function was not changed. However, a short-term AA supplementation does not show beneficial effects on exercise-induced changes in leukocyte subpopulations.

ICAM-1 deletion delays the repair process in aging diabetic mice

BackgroundThe delayed repair process in the aging diabetic population is becoming an alarming public health concern. ICAM-1 plays an important role in orchestrating the repair process by mediating neutrophil recruitment and phagocytosis. However, little is known about the role of ICAM-1 in aging diabetic repair. MethodsBy causing injury in aging diabetic mice with ICAM-1 deletion (AD-ICAM-1−/−), we found that AD-ICAM-1−/− mice exhibited a delayed repair process with incomplete re-epithelialization and reduced angiogenesis. Additionally, high-throughput Illumina sequencing was performed to evaluate the microbiota of such mice. ResultsThe results indicate that the microbiota of the AD-ICAM-1−/− injury site differed taxonomically at both the phylum and genus levels. Neutrophil recruitment and phagocytic function were also reduced in the AD-ICAM-1−/− group. Notably, major inflammatory biomarker expression was also detected in AD-ICAM-1−/− injured tissue. ConclusionsOverall, this study demonstrated that AD-ICAM-1−/− mice exhibit delayed repair. In addition, neutrophil recruitment and phagocytic activity were impaired in the AD-ICAM-1−/− group, which may have allowed microbes to colonize the injury site.

The Effect Of Probiotic Supplementation In Phagocytic Function Of Neutrophils In Amateur Marathon Runners

The use of probiotics is recommended for maintaining the immunological health of endurance athletes, however the effects of probiotics on athletes immune cells function is still unclear PURPOSE: Investigate the effect of probiotics utilization in phagocytic function of neutrophils from marathon runners METHODS: Twenty seven male marathoners were double-blind randomly assigned to either a probiotic group(PR) (PR=14; 35,96 ± 5,81years,79,30 ±10,99Kg; time of trial, 4:04 hours ± 22.55 minutes) or placebo(PL) (PL=13 40,46 ± 7,79years, 72,67 ±10,20Kg, time of trial, 4:53 hours ± 1h:15minutes). PR consumed during 30 days a sachet containing Lactobacillus Acidophilus and Bifidobacterium Lactis (10x109UFC + maltodextrin 5g/day) while PL received a sachet with maltodextrin (5g/day). Phagocytic function of neutrophils were assessed by specific phagocytosis kit (Vybrant /Thermo Fisher®) after blood cell neutrophil isolation. The measures were evaluated before the supplementation period (B), one day before the race (1D),and one hour after race (1H).Data were analyzed in SPSS version25® using ANOVA two way with repeated measures, “group” and “time” as factors, and Tukey’s post-hoc test (p< 0.05). RESULTS: The statistical analyses showed significant differences among the times. The PL group showed significant decrease of phagocytic function when compared basal with other times (B: 32.46±14.47;1D:10.14±3.08;1H:8.15±4.65) and the same behavior was seen in the probiotic group with a significant decrease of phagocytic function when compared the basal with others times (B:25.96±10.21;1D:8.59±4.33; 1H:8.07±2.29).Between groups no differences was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Thirty days of probiotic (Lactobacillus Acidophilus and Bifidobacterium Lactis (10x109UFC/day) supplementation was not able to cause alterations in neutrophil phagocytic function. These results may change regarding other immune cells population and with prolonged use or higher dosages of probiotic. Financial Support: CNPq, CAPES/PROEX

Neutrophil function is impaired in paediatric patients with malignancy and may be a useful clinical marker.

Patients treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy are at risk of neutropenia, neutropenic fever and neutropenic sepsis. We hypothesised that pre-existing neutrophil function dysfunction may increase susceptibility to neutropenic fever in paediatric patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy. Prospective cohort study recruited patients at Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom. We measured neutrophil phagocytic function using a validated flow cytometric whole blood phagocytosis assay in paediatric patients (n = 16) with oncological disease before and after chemotherapy in a prospective cohort study. We recruited healthy children as a control comparator (n = 10). We found significantly decreased phagocytic function in oncology patients compared to healthy participants. In five patients who developed neutropenic fever, we observed increased pre-dose neutrophil respiratory burst. With further validation, measurement of neutrophil function could potentially be used to personalise appropriate prophylactic antimicrobial administration for patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy.

Liturgy affects the parameters of gas discharge visualization, acupuncture points and neuro-endocrine-immune complex

Background. The impact of religion on the human body has been the subject of a number of studies, including ours. The proposed article is a continuation of them. Purpose of the study: to detect in the supervised observation the characteristic effects of the Liturgy on some biophysical and physiological parameters of healthy people. Materials and methods. Under a observations were 10 healthy men by age 26-56 years. In the morning in basale condicions registered parameters of Gas Discharge Visualization (GDV), electroskin conductivity of Points Acupuncture (CPA), Heart Rate Variability (HRV), Leukocytogram, phagocytic function of neutrophils as well as anxiety and plasma levels of main adaptive hormones: Cortisol, Triiodothyronine and Testosterone. After testing, one volunteer went to a chapel to attend a half-hour Liturgy, and another volunteer was in the park nearby, serving as a control. After that, both participants returned to their duties, and after 1 hour all tests were repeated. Results. The characteristic effects of the Liturgy are: minimization the decrease in CPA TR(X) and G8Dg on the right, reactive anxiety, cortisolemia and one marker of vagal tone; limitation the increase in the area of the GDV in the frontal projection and the intensity of phagocytosis; initiation an increase in plasma testosterone, entropy of the leukocytogram and the proportion of rod-core neutrophils, as well as reversion the decrease in the tone of the vagus and the decrease of the energy of the virtual seventh chakra, which takes place in the control group. Conclusion. Liturgy affects the parameters of gas discharge visualization, acupuncture points and neuro-endocrine-immune complex in healthy men.

Chronic granulomatous disease presenting with foot abscess caused by Serratia marcescens and autoimmune dactylitis

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited neutrophil phagocytic function disorder leading to recurrent infections, granuloma formations, and rarely autoimmune diseases. We report a case of genetically proven autosomal recessive CGD in a child with a mutation in NCF2 gene resulting in p67phox defect presenting with foot abscess caused by Serratia marcescens and autoimmune dactylitis at the same time. The case emphasizes the importance to consider a primary immunodeficiency in patients with musculoskeletal manifestations who develop unusual or opportunistic infections. We also hope awareness among pediatricians may lead to increased recognition of the autoimmune manifestations of CGD.

Toll-like Receptor 7 Contributes to Inflammation, Organ Injury, and Mortality in Murine Sepsis

Toll-like receptor 7 responds to elevated single-stranded RNA by increasing cytokine production. Sepsis is characterized by elevated plasma levels of tissue damage (and pathogen)-associated molecular patterns, including RNA. Using murine models of bacterial sepsis, knockout of the Toll-like receptor 7 resulted in lower mortality and cytokine levels and less end-organ injury. Therefore, Toll-like receptor 7, which mediates innate immune response, contributes to harm in experimental sepsis. Sepsis remains a critical illness with high mortality. The authors have recently reported that mouse plasma RNA concentrations are markedly increased during sepsis and closely associated with its severity. Toll-like receptor 7, originally identified as the sensor for single-stranded RNA virus, also mediates host extracellular RNA-induced innate immune responses in vitro and in vivo. Here, the authors hypothesize that innate immune signaling via Toll-like receptor 7 contributes to inflammatory response, organ injury, and mortality during polymicrobial sepsis. Sepsis was created by (1) cecal ligation and puncture or (2) stool slurry peritoneal injection. Wild-type and Toll-like receptor 7 knockout mice, both in C57BL/6J background, were used. The following endpoints were measured: mortality, acute kidney injury biomarkers, plasma and peritoneal cytokines, blood bacterial loading, peritoneal leukocyte counts, and neutrophil phagocytic function. The 11-day overall mortality was 81% in wild-type mice and 48% in Toll-like receptor 7 knockout mice after cecal ligation and puncture (N = 27 per group, P = 0.0031). Compared with wild-type septic mice, Toll-like receptor 7 knockout septic mice also had lower sepsis severity, attenuated plasma cytokine storm (wild-type vs. Toll-like receptor 7 knockout, interleukin-6: 43.2 [24.5, 162.7] vs. 4.4 [3.1, 12.0] ng/ml, P = 0.003) and peritoneal inflammation, alleviated acute kidney injury (wild-type vs. Toll-like receptor 7 knockout, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin: 307 ± 184 vs.139 ± 41-fold, P = 0.0364; kidney injury molecule-1: 40 [16, 49] vs.13 [4, 223]-fold, P = 0.0704), lower bacterial loading, and enhanced leukocyte peritoneal recruitment and phagocytic activities at 24 h. Moreover, stool slurry from wild-type and Toll-like receptor 7 knockout mice resulted in similar level of sepsis severity, peritoneal cytokines, and leukocyte recruitment in wild-type animals after peritoneal injection. Toll-like receptor 7 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of polymicrobial sepsis by mediating host innate immune responses and contributes to acute kidney injury and mortality.

Hazardous effect of the maintenance dose of iron sucrose versus iron dextran on oxidative burst activity of neutrophils in patients on regular hemodialysis; a pilot study

Introduction: Intravenous (IV) iron which is a potent pro-oxidant may decrease the phagocytic function of neutrophils and subsequently leads to repeated bacterial infections in patients on chronic regular hemodialysis (HD).Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effect of IV iron dextran versus iron sucrose on oxidative burst activity of neutrophils in HD patients.Patients and Methods: A crossover study was included 20 prevalent HD patients were randomly divided into two groups; 10 patients each. Each group received a single dose of 100 mg iron sucrose or iron dextran then shifted to the other type after 4 weeks as a washout period. Patients with evidence of acute infections, diabetes mellitus, chronic liver disease, active collagen disease or any other acquired immune deficiency diseases were excluded. Patients on immunosuppressive drugs or with hypersensitivity to iron therapy or evidence of iron overload (TSAT &gt; 50% and/or ferritin &gt; 800 ng/mL) were also excluded. Erythropoietin maintenance dose was given to all patients. Urea reduction ratio (URR %), C-reactive protein (CRP) titer, complete blood picture and iron study were conducted. Neutrophil oxidative burst test was performed by flow-cytometry with an estimation of stimulation index before and after IV iron dosage. Results: Twenty patients (9 males, 11 females; mean age 49.40 ± 9.02 years) on chronic HD for a mean time of 10 ± 7.32 years. After 100 mg of IV iron infusion in HD patients, a highly significant difference in oxidative burst test of neutrophil cells before and after administration of iron regardless of its type was detected (P &lt; 0.01). This change over time is not significantly different between two types of iron (P &gt; 0.05). However, a significant increase in CRP titer after administration of iron dextran was seen (P = 0.016). Conclusion: Maintenance dosage of either IV iron sucrose or iron dextran (100 mg) had a hazardous effect on the neutrophilic phagocytosis demonstrated by the significant rise in the oxidative burst index in HD patients.

Effects of dietary supplementation with oridonin on the growth performance, relative organ weight, lymphocyte proliferation, and cytokine concentration in broiler chickens

BackgroundThe present study was conducted to investigate the effects of oridonin (ORI) on growth performance, relative organ weight, lymphocyte proliferation, phagocytic function of neutrophils, and cytokine concentration in broiler chickens. A total of 240 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly assigned to four treatments with six replicate pens of 10 broiler chickens per pen. Broiler chickens were fed diets based on four levels of dietary ORI (0, 50, 80 and 100 mg/kg) for a 42-d feeding trial. The experimental diets were fed in three phases: 1 to 14 d, 15 to 28 d and 29 to 42 d.ResultsThe results indicated that ORI has no influence on the growth performance (P > 0.05). However, ORI increased the relative weights of spleen and bursa, the number of proliferation peripheral blood T and B lymphocytes, the phagocytic rate of neutrophils, as well as the Interleukin-2 (IL-2), Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) serum concentrations in serum in broilers at days 14, 28 and 42 (P < 0.05).ConclusionsIn conclusion, ORI can enhance immune function and resistance to disease in broiler chickens by stimulating T and B lymphocyte formation, division, and proliferation, as well as the modulation of Th1/Th2 cytokine secretion profiles.

Structural insights into Resolvin D4 actions and further metabolites via a new total organic synthesis and validation.

Local production and downstream metabolism of specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs) are pivotal in regulating their biological actions during resolution of inflammation. Resolvin D4 (RvD4: 4S,5R,17S-trihydroxydocosa-6E,8E,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z hexaenoic acid) is one of the more recently elucidated SPMs with complete stereochemistry biosynthesized from docosahexaenoic acid . Here, we report a new multimilligram commercial synthesis that afforded enough material for matching, validation, and further evaluation of RvD4 functions. Using LC-MS-MS profiling, RvD4 was identified at bioactive amounts in human (1 pg/mL) and mouse bone marrow (12 pg/femur and tibia). In mouse bone marrow, ischemia increased the formation of RvD4>37-fold (455 pg/femur and tibia). Two separate mouse ischemic injury models were used, where RvD4 reduced second organ reperfusion lung injury>50%, demonstrating organ protection. Structure-function relationships of RvD4 demonstrated>40% increase in neutrophil and monocyte phagocytic function in human whole blood in comparison with 2 separate trans-containing double bond isomers that were inactive. These 2 isomers were prepared by organic synthesis: 4S,5R,17S-trihydroxydocosa-6E,8E,10E,13Z,15E,19Z-hexaenoic acid (10-trans-RvD4), a natural isomer, and 4S,5R,17S-trihydroxydocosa-6E,8E,10E,13E,15E,19Z-hexaenoic acid (10,13-trans-RvD4), a rogue isomer. Compared to leukotriene B4 , D-series resolvins (RvD1, RvD2, RvD3, RvD4, or RvD5) did not stimulate human neutrophil chemotaxis monitored via real-time microfluidics chambers. A novel 17-oxo-containing-RvD4 product of eicosanoid oxidoreductase was identified with human bone marrow cells. Comparison of 17-oxo-RvD4 to RvD4 demonstrated that with human leukocytes 17-oxo-RvD4 was inactive. Together, these provide commercial-scale synthesis that permitted a second independent validation of RvD4 complete stereochemical structure as well as evidence for RvD4 regulation in tissues and its stereoselective phagocyte responses.

Importance of Physiological Erythropoiesis in the Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Anemia.

Recent large clinical trials have reported that despite the maintenance of target hemoglobin (Hb) levels, higher doses of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) and/or iron preparations are significantly associated with higher risks of adverse events and death in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Higher doses of ESAs have been demonstrated to result in a higher risk for cardiovascular disease due to elevated blood pressure or increased thrombogenicity. In addition, a high dose of iron might enhance inflammatory responses to infection and impair the phagocytic function of neutrophils. Moreover, iron induces the generation of hydroxyl radicals, which accelerate atherosclerosis. Patients with hyporesponsiveness to ESAs or dysutilization of iron for erythropoiesis tend to be treated with ESAs or iron at doses exceeding the physiological level. However, the optimal doses of ESAs and iron for maintaining target Hb levels in these patients are not well established. Thus, from the perspective of long-term survival in chronic kidney disease patients, it is necessary to treat anemia with appropriate doses of ESAs and an iron that can induce physiological erythropoiesis.

Condition Factors of Systemic Inflammatory Response and Monospacing Homeostasis in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease with Normaliens and Intestinal Dysbiosis

The aim of the research: assessment of monospacing homeostasis in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) depending on the state of intestinal biocenosis.&#x0D; Materials and methods. There were examined 145 patients, who were divided into three groups. The control group included 20 practically healthy persons with normal intestinal biocenosis. The comparison group consisted of 23 patients with ischemic heart disease, postinfarction cardiosclerosis, chronic heart failure (CHF) II functional class (FC) (NYHA), without signs of intestinal dysbiosis. The main group included 102 patients with CHD and postinfarction cardiosclerosis, chronic heart failure II FC and intestinal dysbiosis of 11st and 21nd degrees. Patients in all groups were comparable for age and sex. Was used the anthropometric, clinical, biochemical, immunoassay, enzymatic methods.&#x0D; Results. It was found that the presence of intestinal dysbiosis is associated with more pronounced activation of the systemic inflammatory response and humoral immune response in large decreases of the activity of the cellular component of the immune system and phagocytic function of neutrophils.&#x0D; Conclusion. The results of the study demonstrated more distinct changes in monospacing homeostasis in CHD patients in conditions associated DB intestine compared monosplines status of CHD patients with normaliens the intestine.

Influence of ethanol concentration in the phagocytic function of neutrophils against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in an experimental model.

Although the prevalence of pneumonia or other extrapulmonary infections is higher in people with alcoholism or acute alcohol intoxication, the possible relationship of acute alcohol intoxication to phagocytic function has not been investigated. Our aim was to determine whether acute alcohol intoxication suppresses phagocytic function in human neutrophils. Twenty healthy individuals were enrolled for isolating neutrophils to evaluate the neutrophil phagocytic function at different alcohol concentrations. Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from clinical specimens of liver abscesses. The rate of K. pneumonia phagocytosis (K2 and non-K1/K2 isolates) by neutrophils was determined using flow cytometry and compared among the nine groups with different alcohol concentrations. The rate of phagocytic uptake decreased significantly with increasing alcohol concentration in both the K2 and non-K1/K2 K. pneumonia groups (r=-0.866, p=0.03 vs. r=-0.975, p<0.001). Moreover, the percentage of K. pneumoniae ingested by neutrophils decreased with age. The ability of neutrophils to phagocytose virulent K2 K. pneumoniae was suppressed by ethanol at high concentrations. This finding may account for the higher prevalence of pneumonia or other extrapulmonary infection in people with acute alcohol intoxication.