Neutral Impact Research Articles

The lifestyle of Brazilian medical students: What changed and how it protected their emotional wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Adopting healthy lifestyle pillars promotes longer livesfree from major chronic diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic imposed behavioural changes and psychological burdens. The aim of this study was to assess changes in medical students' six lifestyle pillars that were imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study included 548 Brazilian medical students' digitally collected demographic data and lifestyle characteristics from before and during the pandemic. The pandemic had a neutral impact on sleep quality anda predominantly negative impact on interpersonal relationships, exercise and eating. Approximately 67.5% students decreased their tobacco and alcohol use. Spirituality was maintained at 66%. Those who reported having emotional wellbeing (27.9%) during the pandemic fulfilled a higher number of pre-pandemic lifestyle pillars (median [IQR]) when compared with those who reported an absence of wellbeing (4 [3-4] pillars, compared with 3[2-4], P = 0.006). The results reinforce the importance of adhering to as many lifestyle pillars as possible to preserve emotional wellbeing during periods of stress such as those experienced during the pandemic.

DOES OOCYTE VITRIFICATION-WARMING IMPACT BLASTOCYST ANEUPLOIDY RATES?

There is emerging research quantifying the effect of vitrification on oocyte integrity and IVF outcomes. Oocyte vitrification-warming has been proposed to cause meiotic spindle disruption leading to altered chromatin structure. Previous research concluded a neutral impact of oocyte cryopreservation on embryonic aneuploidy rates, albeit those studies often had small sample sizes, included slow-freeze cycles, and were conducted prior to significant technological improvements to vitrification. The current study aimed to compare blastocyst aneuploidy rates from IVF with PGT, using fresh and vitrified oocytes. This single center, retrospective cohort study included IVF cycles and compared blastocysts from fresh and vitrified-warmed oocyte cycles that underwent PGT-A from 2010 to 2021. Donor oocyte cycles were excluded. Vitrified-warmed oocytes were more likely to result in embryos that were cryopreserved on days 6 and 7 (p<0.01) compared to fresh oocytes. Fresh and vitrified-warmed oocytes resulted in similar blastocyst aneuploidy rates (OR 0.79, CI 0.38-1.67). While the number of blastocysts were similar between the two groups, vitrified-warmed oocytes resulted in less favorable rates of fertilization (OR 0.14, CI 0.05-0.40) and blastulation (OR 0.14, CI 0.04-0.48). Our findings demonstrate that vitrifying and re-warming oocytes does not alter blastocyst ploidy rates. There is anecdotal evidence that the structural integrity of oocytes could be negatively impacted by cryopreservation, resulting in less efficient reproductive outcomes after thawing. Vitrified-warmed oocytes resulted in slower developing embryos, had inferior fertilization and decreased blastulation rates. However, the negative impact of oocyte vitrification at the molecular level does not appear to affect the embryonic genome, as aneuploidy rates did not significantly differ from that of embryos sourced from fresh oocytes.

Parental Policy in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residency Programs Is Necessary but Not Available: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residents' Attitudes Toward Parental Leave

Guidelines regarding parental leave in oral and maxillofacial surgery do not exist. This inconsistency may contribute to gender disparities and an increase in resident burnout. The purpose of this study was to examine perceptions and attitudes of oral and maxillofacial surgery residents toward parental leave. This was a cross-sectional study in which an anonymous 26-item questionnaire was electronically mailed to all current oral and maxillofacial surgery residents in the United States during August 2020. The survey consisted of 5 sections: 1) resident information, 2) residency program information, 3) parental policy information, 4) attitudes regarding parental leave, and 5) attitudes regarding early parenthood. Surveys were sent to 860 oral and maxillofacial surgery residents; 220 completed the questionnaire (25.6%). Majority of respondents were male between the ages of 26 and 30. Half of the respondents did not know whether their oral and maxillofacial surgery program had a formal parental leave policy. Almost a third of residents reported that their program did not have a policy regarding parental leave. Only some programs had a policy regarding parental leave. Most programs allotted 2 days to 2 weeks for parental leave. Parenthood did not prevent pursuit of fellowship training. The majority of co-residents indicated that parenthood had a neutral impact on the performance of their colleagues. Lactation facilities and/or childcare services were not present in all programs. Most oral and maxillofacial surgery residents support parental leave despite the lack of a formal policy in their residency program. Residents who had a child during residency received up to 2 weeks as parental leave. Residents felt that their programs were supportive of parental leave. Parenthood did not prevent the pursuit of fellowship training.

Policy instruments and self-reported impacts of the adoption of energy saving technologies in the DACH region

Using a large sample of enterprises from a survey that was simultaneously conducted in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, we study the self-reported impacts of the adoption of “green” energy saving and related technologies (GETs). Our specific interest is in how different policy instruments associate with energy efficiency, the reduction of hbox {CO}_{2} emissions, and competitiveness at the firm level. A first set of equations tracks how policy relates to the adoption of green energy technologies in distinct areas such as production, transport, buildings, ICT or renewables. In a second set of equations, we test the perceived impacts of adoption by the managers of the firms. The results confirm a differentiated pattern of varied transmission mechanisms through which policy can affect energy efficiency and hbox {CO}_{2} emissions, while on average having a neutral impact on the firms’ competitiveness. Further, discarding the conventional dichotomy between incentive-based versus command-and-control type instruments, the results suggest to pursue a comprehensive policy mix, where standards, taxes and subsidies each capitalize on different transmission mechanisms.

Upgrading Land-Cover and Vegetation Seasonality in the ECMWF Coupled System: Verification With FLUXNET Sites, METEOSAT Satellite Land Surface Temperatures, and ERA5 Atmospheric Reanalysis.

In this study, we show that limitations in the representation of land cover and vegetation seasonality in the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) model are partially responsible for large biases (up to ∼10°C, either positive or negative depending on the region) on the simulated daily maximum land surface temperature (LST) with respect to satellite Earth Observations (EOs) products from the Land Surface Analysis Satellite Application Facility. The error patterns were coherent in offline land‐surface and coupled land‐atmosphere simulations, and in ECMWF's latest generation reanalysis (ERA5). Subsequently, we updated the ECMWF model's land cover characterization leveraging on state‐of‐the‐art EOs—the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative land cover data set and the Copernicus Global Land Services leaf area index. Additionally, we tested a clumping parameterization, introducing seasonality to the effective low vegetation coverage. The updates reduced the overall daily maximum LST bias and unbiased root‐mean‐squared errors. In contrast, the implemented updates had a neutral impact on daily minimum LST. Our results also highlighted the complex regional heterogeneities in the atmospheric sensitivity to land cover and vegetation changes, particularly with issues emerging over eastern Brazil and northeastern Asia. These issues called for a re‐calibration of model parameters (e.g., minimum stomatal resistance, roughness length, rooting depth), along with a revision of several model assumptions (e.g., snow shading by high vegetation).

Evaluating E-Book Effectiveness and the Impact on Student Engagement

Marketing curricula are experiencing a digital disruption as e-books and other electronic educational resources replace print textbooks. This study investigates student perceptions about the effectiveness of print textbooks and e-books. Specifically, we focus on the perceived effectiveness of e-books and the impact on student engagement. A field-based quasi-experiment was conducted with a sample of 259 students in the Fall semester, and a follow-up sample of 395 students in the Spring semester. The results show a diverse impact of e-books on student engagement. Some aspects of engagement are positively affected while other aspects of student engagement exhibit a neutral or negative leaning impact. The findings also reflect significant variation in e-book effectiveness depending on the course. Finally, we find that e-books moderate the relationship between textbook effectiveness and academic performance engagement. Highly effective e-books result in higher levels of academic performance engagement. Collectively these findings shed light on the current situation and provide a foundation for additional research to further our understanding about e-book effectiveness and its relationship to student engagement.

Budget Impact Analysis of prolonged-release buprenorphine depot-formulation for the management of patients affected by opioid use disorder

Background: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a disorder associated with significant rate of morbidity and mortality. Frequent clinic attendance for supervised consumption of sublingual buprenorphine is common. Prolonged-release buprenorphine (PRB) allows a management based on weekly or monthly subcutaneous injections, thus limiting the burdens of clinic attendance and the risks associated with sublingual formulations. Objective: To determine the price level of PRB that allows to obtain a neutral impact from the point of view of the economic resources absorbed, in comparison with the alternatives currently available in the Italian context for the management of patients suffering from OUD. Methods: The analysis assumes a daily PRB cost of €8.526 (neutral cost). The analysis aims to determine the economic impact associated with the introduction of PRB in the Italian context for the management of OUD patients. Results are expressed in terms of differential resourced absorbed in the alternative scenarios. A one-way sensitivity analysis was also carried out to test the robustness of the results. Results: The introduction of PRB implies an increase in the drug acquisition costs over the 5-year time horizon of €19.563.019,13: such costs are fully compensated by the other cost driver considered in the analysis (drug tests provided, health professionals’ time destined to the provision of the treatment, indirect costs, for savings equal to €6.167.026,94, €9.106.824,67 and €4.289.167,53 respectively) demonstrating its effectiveness in particular by an organizational point of view. Lower price levels for PRB would imply significant savings for the SSN. Conclusions: PRB resulted to be associated to a lower level of resources’ absorption in the Italian sector as compared with the available alternatives thus allowing to re-allocate health founds to other fields of the care sector ensuring greater safety for patients and a decreased misuse and diversion rate.

The impact of carbon neutrality on the investment performance: Evidence from the equity mutual funds in BRICS

The promotion of carbon-neutral investments is among the primary constituents of developing a carbon-neutral economy. This is even more important for emerging economies that have constrained financial markets. In this paper, using monthly data between 2011 and 2019, we study 6519 actively managed mutual funds in BRICS after sorting them into black, brown, and green categories based on their investment holdings. Our comparative performance shows that green funds outperform their counterparts for the entire sample and within-country assessment. We also document the volatility and market timing ability of green funds, mainly absent in high emission funds. The results remained robust for various definitions of performance. Our findings also indicate Chinese green funds perform better than those of other countries. This is attributed to the multiple ecologically friendly economic policies that China has adopted over the years. Based on the results, we propose various interventions that could foster the adaptability of a carbon-neutral investment landscape.

How Dead Wood in the Forest Decreases Relaxation? The Effects of Viewing of Dead Wood in the Forest Environment on Psychological Responses of Young Adults

The intensity of the neutral environment impact on humans may be determined by specific features of space, including dead wood occurrence. Dead wood is claimed to be disliked by the public because it reduces the scenic beauty and recreational values of the forest. The attractiveness of a forest with dead wood may be determined by its variants. Much is known about the preference for landscape with dead wood, but there is little information available about how such a landscape affects a person’s mental relaxation, improves mood, increases positive feelings, levels of vitality, etc. Hence, the aim of our research was to investigate the psycho-logical relaxing effects of short 15-min exposures to natural and managed forests with dead wood. In the study, three areas within the Białowieża Primeval Forest were used to measure the impact of different types of forest with dead wood (A: forest reserve with dead wood subject to natural decomposition processes; B: managed forest with visible cut wood and stumps; C: man-aged forest with dead trees from bark beetle outbreak standing) on human psychological relaxation in a randomized experiment. The participants of the experiment were forty-one young adults aged 19–20. Each respondent experienced each type of forest at intervals visiting it. Four psychological questionnaires were used in the project (Profile of Mood States (POMS), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Subjective Vitality Scale (SVS), and Restorative Outcome Scale (ROS)) before and after the short exposure to the forest were evaluated. The results show that a forest landscape with dead wood affects the human psyche, and the relaxing properties of such a landscape are better in a protected forest with natural, slow processes of tree dieback than those obtained in managed forests

Impact of corporate social responsibility on financial performance of listed Moroccan companies

This paper aims to study empirically the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and financial performance (FP) in the Moroccan context. We opted for a longitudinal study of listed companies over the period 2012-2017. We have used the accounting and financial indicators to assess FP. In the absence of an index which measures the score of the PS, we opted for a dichotomous variable which takes a value 1 if the company is labeled CSR by the CGEM and value 0 if not. Control variables are measured by size, age, risk, and industry. Panel data are used as well to analyze data. Findings of this study indicate mixed results. Indeed, we have found a positive impact of CSR on PF, when using ROA as proxy for FP. However, when using ROE as proxy for FP, we do not find any impact of CSR on FP (neutral impact). We found that ROS is linked negatively with CSR.

The Utilisation of Payment Models Across the HIV Continuum of Care: Systematic Review of Evidence

The increasing chronicity and multimorbidities associated with people living with HIV have posed important challenges to health systems across the world. In this context, payment models hold the potential to improve care across a spectrum of clinical conditions. This study aims to systematically review the evidence of HIV performance-based payments models. Literature searches were conducted in March 2020 using multiple databases and manual searches of relevant papers. Papers were limited to any study design that considers the real-world utilisation of performance-based payment models applied to the HIV domain. A total of 23 full-text papers were included. Due to the heterogeneity of study designs, the multiple types of interventions and its implementation across distinct areas of HIV care, direct comparisons between studies were deemed unsuitable. Most evidence focused on healthcare users (83%), seeking to directly affect patients' behaviour based on principles of behavioural economics. Despite the variability between interventions, the implementation of performance-based payment models led to either a neutral or positive impact throughout the HIV care continuum. Moreover, this improvement was likely to be cost-effective or, at least, did not compromise the healthcare system’s financial sustainability. However, more research is needed to assess the durability of incentives and its appropriate relative magnitude.

MO413EFFECTS OF CHRONIC, LONG-TERM ACE-INHIBITOR TREATMENT ON CYTOKINE STORM AND RENAL FUNCTION AFTER CARDIO-PULMONARY BYPASS: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Abstract Background and Aims Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may trigger organs damage, including kidney injury, due to a massive cytokine release. In this observational, prospective study, we have analyzed the possible impact of chronic treatment with ACE-Inhibitors (ACE-I) on the inflammatory response and renal function after CPB. Method Sixty-nine patients undergoing major cardiac surgery with CPB were enrolled. Patients were stratified according to long-term (&amp;gt;6 mo.) ACE-I use (n=38) or not (n=31). The primary endpoint was to analyze the changes in their IL-1 alpha, IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF alpha, EGF and VEGF plasma levels. Secondary (renal) endpoints were: postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI), recovery of baseline GFR values and the absolute changes in renal function indexes. Results After CPB, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-4 and TNF-alpha remained stable overtime, while a significant decrease in IL-2 plasma levels was noticed in the ACE-I group (p=0.01). IL-6 and IL-8 plasma levels increased after surgery and tended to decrease after 48h. IL-10 plasma levels showed a similar variation, but both their rise and decrease were more pronounced in patients under ACE-I treatment (p=0.007). Finally, VEGF and EGF showed a marked initial decrease with a tendency to normalization 10 days after surgery (p for trend ranging from 0.01 to 0.001) (Figure 1-2). The occurrence of AKI within 2 days after surgery, the rate of GFR recovery and the absolute changes in renal function indexes were not statistically different between groups (Figure 3). Conclusion Chronic, long-term ACE-I treatment may influence the inflammatory response following CPB. On the other hand, this drug class apparently has neutral impact on perioperative renal outcomes.

Hydration Properties of Cement with Liquefied Red Mud Neutralized by Nitric Acid.

An increasing amount of red mud (RM) is being generated globally due to the growth in aluminum production. To avoid RM pollution, low-cost methods for effectively recycling RM are being investigated. We propose a method for recycling RM as a construction material. Liquefied RM (LRM) was neutralized by nitric acid and added to cement paste, and the hydration heat, compressive strength, and hydration products were investigated. The cement paste with neutralized LRM had a higher compressive strength than that of plain cement paste and cement paste with LRM without neutralization at 1 day of aging; this indicates that nitric acid neutralization increases the early-age strength. Furthermore, the cement paste with 10% neutralized LRM showed 28 days-compressive strength and hydration heating curves similar to the plain mixture, indicating the positive impact of LRM neutralization on the strength. It was noted that a greater quantity of portlandite was produced earlier in cement paste with neutralized LRM than in that without. Therefore, the proposed method of using RM as a concrete additive has the potential to reduce the cost and environmental impact of both construction materials and RM waste management.

Introducing hydrometeor orientation into all-sky microwave and submillimeter assimilation

Abstract. Numerical weather prediction systems still employ many simplifications when assimilating microwave radiances under all-sky conditions (clear sky, cloudy, and precipitation). For example, the orientation of ice hydrometeors is ignored, along with the polarization that this causes. We present a simple approach for approximating hydrometeor orientation, requiring minor adaption of software and no additional calculation burden. The approach is introduced in the RTTOV (Radiative Transfer for TOVS) forward operator and tested in the Integrated Forecast System (IFS) of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). For the first time within a data assimilation (DA) context, this represents the ice-induced brightness temperature differences between vertical (V) and horizontal (H) polarization – the polarization difference (PD). The discrepancies in PD between observations and simulations decrease by an order of magnitude at 166.5 GHz, with maximum reductions of 10–15 K. The error distributions, which were previously highly skewed and therefore problematic for DA, are now roughly symmetrical. The approach is based on rescaling the extinction in V and H channels, which is quantified by the polarization ratio ρ. Using dual-polarization observations from the Global Precipitation Mission microwave imager (GMI), suitable values for ρ were found to be 1.5 and 1.4 at 89.0 and 166.5 GHz, respectively. The scheme was used for all the conical scanners assimilated at ECMWF, with a broadly neutral impact on the forecast but with an increased physical consistency between instruments that employ different polarizations. This opens the way towards representing hydrometeor orientation for cross-track sounders and at frequencies above 183.0 GHz where the polarization can be even stronger.

338 How Much Improvement in the Insomnia Severity Index Is Associated With a Positive Impact of A Patient’s Insomnia Medication?

Abstract Introduction In Phase 3 Study 304 (SUNRISE-1; NCT02783729) and Study 303 (SUNRISE-2; NCT02952820), lemborexant (LEM) provided significant benefit versus placebo on sleep diary-based sleep onset/maintenance outcomes over 1mo and 6mo, respectively, in subjects with insomnia disorder. Both studies included the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Patient Global Impression–Insomnia version (PGI-I). On the PGI-I scale, subjects assess positive, neutral or negative treatment impact on falling asleep, overall benefit on sleep, and total sleep time. Using an anchor-based approach, ratings were compared with mean changes in ISI scores from baseline to evaluate what would be considered a responder definition on the ISI. Methods Study 304 was a 1mo, randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled, parallel-group study in female (age ≥55y) and male (age ≥65y) subjects (n=1006); subjects received placebo, LEM 5mg, LEM 10mg, or zolpidem tartrate extended-release. Study 303 was a 12mo, randomized, double-blind study in subjects age ≥18y (n=950). Subjects received placebo, LEM 5mg, or LEM 10mg for 6mo. Data from both studies were pooled for the first month of treatment across all treatment groups. A modified ISI total score (ISI-ts) was used based on a confirmatory factor analysis that showed no incremental value to including Question 5 (How NOTICEABLE to others do you think your sleep problem is in terms of impairing the quality of your life?). Results The ‘Overall Sleep’ PGI-I item demonstrated that mean [SD] changes from baseline in ISI-ts decreased more in association with self-reported positive effects (−8.15 [4.98]) than for neutral (−3.59 [3.37]) or negative effects (−1.67 [2.91]) at Day 31/Month 1. For PGI-I Item ‘Time to Fall Asleep,’ mean (SD) changes from baseline in ISI-ts were −7.49 (5.10) for positive, −4.54 (4.13) for neutral, and −2.94 (4.04) for negative effects at Day 31/Month 1. For PGI-I Item ‘Total Sleep Time’ mean (SD) changes from baseline in ISI-ts were −8.15 (5.04) for positive, −3.74 (3.23) for neutral, and −2.40 (3.49) for negative effects at Day 31/Month 1. Conclusion Results of this anchor-based approach using the PGI-I suggest that the responder definition for ISI-ts, using the modified ISI, should be approximately −8 points. Support (if any) Eisai Inc.

Experimental substantiation of hyperthermic exogenous and endogenous factors prompt neutralization in burn injuries

Background: High mortality and disability of patients with critical and supercritical burns, long-term treatment, unsatisfactory aesthetic and functional results lead to the search for ways to provide assistance aimed at counteracting the formation of a mass of necrotic tissue, which is crucial for life or death of the victim. Material and methods: The experimental study was performed on 60 sexually mature Wistar rats, which were on a regular diet and weighed 150-160 g. The experimental animals were divided into the main and control groups and were used to simulate burns with boiling water of IIb degree. Results: The traumatic effect of hyperthermic exogenous and endogenous damage factors of the animals in the main group were immediately neutralized by a gauze napkin soaked in water at a temperature of 18-20 ° C immediately after the simulation of burns, the duration of which became the criterion for dividing them into subgroups. In animals of subgroup 1 the time of application of a wet wipe to the burn area was 1 min., in the 2nd subgroup it was 5 min., 3rd subgroup – 10 min., 4th subgroup – 15 min., 5th subgroup – 20 min. The application napkin was changed when it was heated to 34 °C. Such applications were not performed to the animals of the control group. Conclusions: The conclusion was made on the necessity of prompt neutralization of traumatic action of hyperthermic exogenous and endogenous damage factors as the main elements of burn wound depth. For a broader understanding of action mechanisms of the suggested technology of self-help and mutual first aid as well as the nature of the impact of neutralization directly on the tissues, it is advisable to supplement the research with morphological methods

The COVID-19 Pandemic Experience in Multiple Sclerosis: The Good, the Bad and the Neutral.

IntroductionWhile the current COVID-19 pandemic has affected the lives of many, there is a paucity of information on the impact on people with multiple sclerosis (MS). This study sought to gain insight into the impact of the current situation on people with MS and the factors that influence this.Methods324 MS patients participated in this online cross-sectional survey during the COVID-19 lockdown period. A mixed methods design was used, with quantitative information collected on MS-related factors as well as COVID-19 impact and an open-ended, qualitative response looking for reasons behind the self-reported COVID-19 impact.ResultsWe found that 48% of the participants reported that COVID-19 had a neutral impact on their lives and 16% reported a positive impact. However, 36% reported a negative impact, and had greater levels of MS- and non-MS-related worries, and higher levels of bother related to psychological and cognitive symptoms and fatigue than the groups reporting a neutral or positive impact. Significant predictors of this adversely affected group were age, type of MS and presence of psychological symptoms. Antidepressant medication use, time since diagnosis, gender, location, living arrangements or employment status did not predict impact. Open-ended responses explaining personal COVID-19 impact indicate that coping strategies may contribute to these findings. In particular, active, problem-focused approaches were reported by the majority of people who reported a positive impact, as well as a third of those who reported a neutral impact.ConclusionThese findings suggest that younger people, those with progressive types of MS, and those with psychological symptoms are particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of a COVID-19 pandemic induced lockdown. Coping strategies provide further insight into these findings with those reporting active problem-focused approaches seemingly faring better than those who do not state any coping strategies. These results also have implications for understanding other like neurological conditions that share many similarities with MS and how best to direct support.

The impact of COVID-19 on a cohort of patients treated with clozapine.

To examine the psychological and social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated restrictions on a cohort of patients with severe and enduring mental illness treated with clozapine. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 63 individuals attending a clozapine clinic within the Galway-Roscommon Mental Health Services to determine the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on anxiety and depressive symptoms, social and occupational functioning and quality of life, by utilising Likert scale data. The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) were additionally utilised to measure anxiety symptoms cross-sectionally. Anxiety symptoms were low with a median BAI score of 4.0 and HAM-A score of 4.0. Likert scale measurements recorded only a modest adverse impact of COVID-19 restrictions on anxiety and depressive symptoms, quality of life and occupational and social functioning. Free-text comments from patients (n = 55), were grouped into five themes: neutral impact (n = 22), negative psychological impact (n = 13), negative social impact (n = 11), positive psychological impact (n = 5) and media coverage inducing anxiety (n = 4). Three months into the COVID-19 pandemic and its restrictions, the impact on individuals with treatment-resistant psychotic disorders attending a clozapine clinic has been modest, with preliminary evidence demonstrating minimal increases in subjective symptoms of anxiety and reduced social functioning. Reduced social engagements and supports attainable both within the community and from mental health services were noted by some participants.

Why Can’t I Stop Using Social Media Problematically? The Impact of Norm and Neutralization from the Regulatory Focus Perspective

ABSTRACT Problematic social media use has increasingly become an issue in schools and companies. Individuals often attempt to reduce their problematic use, but some may not be successful. This implies that there are both impeding and maintaining factors influencing problematic use and that different individuals may follow different mechanisms during problematic use. Drawing on cognitive dissonance theory and regulatory focus theory, our study develops a theoretical model to describe how impeding factors (here, injunctive norms) and maintaining factors (neutralization) influence individuals’ intention to reduce problematic use through guilt, as well as how the effects of these factors are moderated by individuals’ regulatory focus. The results provide strong support for our model. While injunctive norms have a stronger effect on prevention-focused users, the effect of neutralization is stronger on promotion-focused users. Our study highlights the importance of regulatory focus to our understanding of the differential impact of injunctive norms and neutralization and suggests that future studies further examine how individuals experience cognitive dissonance following different mechanisms. Our results suggest that when trying to reduce students’ problematic social media use, teachers need to follow different approaches for individuals with different types of regulatory focus.

Using Smart Technology in Conservation of The Ancient Egyptian Monuments from Environmental Impact and Anthropic Factors

The word realm refers to culture and identity. Which must be protected, but monuments, in particular, are subject to numerous types of deterioration. Traditional restoration techniques, on the other hand, do not show significant results or continue for long periods of time. The lack of smart approaches in managing projects in Egypt's valuable historical realm, especially the restoration of the Saqqara pyramids and the Karnak temple, is a liability issue. Meanwhile according to the literature review, nanomaterials and smart systems can help to avoid deterioration and share efficiently in restoration applications. So, the paper aims to look for novel aspects to manage historical monument restoration projects. The paper is based on two methodologies: First is a measurable one that reflects the key technical aspects that can be used to restore Egyptian monuments efficiently. Second, an empirical deductive approach to ensure the effectiveness of modern technical materials and their neutral impact on the material's authenticity. Finally, the paper concludes that; nanomaterials have great benefits that can really help in solving many of the problems that current techniques face in terms of enhancing the protection and restoration of damaged stones. Smart systems also have a noticeable impact on the restoration process, as enhancing the quality of all phases of the process and assist in the improvement of monumental preservation performance. this result will help to establish approaches to manage the restoration of the historical realm.