Neutral Character Research Articles

Dehydration and rehydration of Zn-hydroxy sulfate minerals with interrupted decorated hydroxide sheets

The dehydration-rehydration processes of three Zn-hydroxy sulfate minerals with interrupted decorated sheet structures – osakaite, gordaite and Ca-gordaite were investigated. The obtained products and processes were characterized by DTA-TG-MS, in situ and ex situ PXRD and FTIR.In osakaite structure the two different positions of water molecules cause different ways of dehydration. The derivation of each interlayer molecule results in the formation of discrete phases, with 4, 3 and 1 H2O, without any evidence for dihydrate formation. The process was conducted by both heating and adsorption. The rehydration of these metaphases proceeds reciprocally to the dehydration with relatively high rate at middle and high RH values. The derivation of water molecules from the Zn tetrahedron occurs only on heating. The derivation of only half of the apical molecules was observed. The rehydration of formed hemihydrate metaphase proceeds very slowly even at high RH values. The fully dehydrated phase thus proved to be impossible to form. Structural schemes of monohydrate and hemihydrate phases were proposed. In osakaite structure type all changes occur on the surface of the hydroxide layer, preserving its electrically neutral character, with further possible implications for facilitating intercalation of polar molecules.The negatively charged surface of gordaite hydroxide layer, caused by the occupation of apical position of Zn tetrahedra by Cl− determine dehydration behavior, similar to that of montmorillonite and vermiculite structures. On heating, gordaite and Ca-gordaite form three and two pillared structures with different sizes of interlayer space and different amount of water molecules for each phase. The rate of dehydration and/or rehydration and particular quantity of derived water molecules is controlled by the interlayer cations. In accordance with the high ionic potential of calcium, the dehydration of Ca-gordaite occurs only on heating and the rehydration proceeds at very low RH conditions. To the contrary, the much lower ionic potential of sodium causes the formation of dehydrated gordaite phases by both heating and by adsorption. Similarly to the montmorillonite and vermiculite – these two gordaite minerals can be expected to be used for both cation exchange for interlayer cations and anionic exchange of apical Cl−anion.

Hybrid magnetic graphitic nanocomposites for catalytic wet peroxide oxidation applications

Fe3O4, with a lattice parameter a=8.357Å and average particle size of 12.5±3.6 nm, was successfully encapsulated within a graphitic structure by a hierarchical co-assembly approach, followed by thermal annealing. The resulting material was denoted as MGNC—magnetic graphitic nanocomposite. MGNC possesses average core size of 109±35nm (mainly composed by agglomerates of magnetic nanoparticles), stability up to 400°C under oxidizing atmosphere, a micro-mesoporous structure with a fairly developed specific surface area (SBET=330m2g−1) and neutral character (pHPZC=7.1).Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) experiments performed with a 4‐nitrophenol (4-NP)/Fe3O4 mass ratio fixed at 36.6, allowed to achieve high efficiency of catalyst usage throughout the wide range of 4-NP concentration considered (200mg L−1–5gL−1). The inclusion of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in a graphitic structure during the synthesis of MGNC was found to (i) enhance the catalytic activity in CWPO when compared to Fe3O4, due to increased adsorptive interactions between the surface of the catalyst and the pollutant molecules, while (ii) strongly limiting the leaching of Fe species from Fe3O4 to the treated water, due to the confinement effect caused by the carbon shell.As a result of these effects, unprecedented pollutant mass removals were obtained − ranging from 5000mgg−1h−1, when the CWPO process is performed with [4‐NP]0=200mgL−1 at pH=3, to 1250mgg−1h−1, when [4-NP]0=5gL−1. High efficiency of H2O2 consumption is obtained when MGNC is applied in the CWPO of 4‐NP solutions at pH=3, with TOC removals per unit of H2O2 decomposed (ɳH2O2) in the range 64–100%. In addition, the MGNC catalyst is also active at pH=6; in this case a pollutant mass removal of 2090mgg−1h−1 was obtained.Although MGNC partially deactivates through successive reusability cycles, the pollutant mass removal obtained at the end of the fourth cycle is still very high when 200mgL−1 4-NP solutions are considered (4808mg g−1h−1, representing only a ca. 4% decrease when compared to the first cycle). A higher deactivation of the MGNC catalyst is observed when 5gL−1 4-NP solutions are employed. Nevertheless, the pollutant mass removal obtained at the end of the third cycle is still high (551mgg−1h−1).

Early central regulation, slow financial participation: relations between primary education and the Dutch state from ± 1750–1920

The declining economy of the Dutch Republic obliged city governments in the eighteenth century to take measures to undo the effects of the social deterioration. They therefore founded schools for the poor and sometimes gave full financial support. After 1795, the Batavian Revolution proclaimed that primary education was a state affair, but after a contest for hegemony between political elites, funding of schools in particular was left to provinces and communities. The desolate finances of the Batavian Republic made it nearly impossible for the national government to intervene with financial resources. After 1813 the situation did not change much; under King William I the decentralised funding model remained despite his absolutist activity. The constitution from 1848 offered freedom but after the new law of 1857 confessional politicians promoted private education because they found the neutral character of public education unacceptable for their children. Liberals aggravated the demands for primary education and were responsible for the fact that communities received state support to fulfil the demands in the law of 1878. But liberal hegemony broke down and confessional politicians succeeded in gaining state support for private schools in 1889 in exchange for their cooperation with the extension of suffrage. This process was repeated after 1913 when liberals negotiated with Christian politicians concerning general suffrage and equal funding of the private schools. The Dutch state dominated through that result in 1920 primary education but did not gain a monopoly.

Dual Role of the Active Site Residues of Thermus thermophilus 3-Isopropylmalate Dehydrogenase: Chemical Catalysis and Domain Closure.

The key active site residues K185, Y139, D217, D241, D245, and N102 of Thermus thermophilus 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase (Tt-IPMDH) have been replaced, one by one, with Ala. A drastic decrease in the kcat value (0.06% compared to that of the wild-type enzyme) has been observed for the K185A and D241A mutants. Similarly, the catalytic interactions (Km values) of these two mutants with the substrate IPM are weakened by more than 1 order of magnitude. The other mutants retained some (1-13%) of the catalytic activity of the wild-type enzyme and do not exhibit appreciable changes in the substrate Km values. The pH dependence of the wild-type enzyme activity (pK = 7.4) is shifted toward higher values for mutants K185A and D241A (pK values of 8.4 and 8.5, respectively). For the other mutants, smaller changes have been observed. Consequently, K185 and D241 may constitute a proton relay system that can assist in the abstraction of a proton from the OH group of IPM during catalysis. Molecular dynamics simulations provide strong support for the neutral character of K185 in the resting state of the enzyme, which implies that K185 abstracts the proton from the substrate and D241 assists the process via electrostatic interactions with K185. Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations revealed a significant increase in the activation energy of the hydride transfer of the redox step for both D217A and D241A mutants. Crystal structure analysis of the molecular contacts of the investigated residues in the enzyme-substrate complex revealed their additional importance (in particular that of K185, D217, and D241) in stabilizing the domain-closed active conformation. In accordance with this, small-angle X-ray scattering measurements indicated the complete absence of domain closure in the cases of D217A and D241A mutants, while only partial domain closure could be detected for the other mutants. This suggests that the same residues that are important for catalysis are also essential for inducing domain closure.

A wearable fingernail chemical sensing platform: pH sensing at your fingertips

This article demonstrates an example of a wearable chemical sensor based on a fingernail platform. Fingernails represent an attractive wearable platform, merging beauty products with chemical sensing, to enable monitoring of our surrounding environment. The new colorimetric pH fingernail sensor relies on coating artificial nails with a recognition layer consisted of pH indicators entrapped in a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) matrix. Such color changing fingernails offer fast and reversible response to pH changes, repeated use, and intense color change detected easily with naked eye. The PVC matrix prevents leaching out of the indicator molecules from the fingernail sensor toward such repeated use. The limited narrow working pH range of a single pH indicator has been addressed by multiplexing three different pH indicators: bromothymol blue (pH 6.0–7.6), bromocresol green (pH 3.8–5.4), and cresol red (pH 7.2–8.8), as demonstrated for analyses of real-life samples of acidic, neutral, and basic character. The new concept of an optical wearable chemical sensor on fingernail platforms can be expanded towards diverse analytes for various applications in connection to the judicious design of the recognition layer.

PENGATURAN PENGANGKATAN SEKRETARIS DAERAH UNTUK MEWUJUDKAN NETRALITAS PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL DAERAH

Governance and development efforts to implement national and local levels can run smoothly largely depends on the perfection of the State apparatus, which in its function must be professional and neutral character of the influence of all groups and political parties, and does not discriminate in providing services to the community in order to realize the welfare of society. To realize the neutrality of the State Apparatus, the central government is trying to give a neutral space of the apparatus of government both at central and local levels, however, the reality is often found to realize it is not easy. Various allegations of lack of neutrality of State Apparatus including regional secretary still often expressed by the public, especially during the General Election of Regional Head and Deputy Head of the candidates came from previously elected regional head (incumbent). It is not separated from the vagueness of the norm (vogue norm), associated with the filling of the post of secretary of the province are included in the Position Leader High as stipulated in Article 19 paragraph (3) of Law No. 5 of 2014 on the Reform of Civil State, stating for High leadership positions defined competency requirements, qualifications, rank, education and training, track record position and integrity, as well as other necessary requirements. The above provisions are not clear in stating the requirements that must be met by candidates for secretary of the province to ensure neutrality. This study is a normative law research that examines the ingredients literature that primary legal materials and secondary law. This study uses the approach of legislation and approach the concept. In the data collection is done by steps searches theories, concepts, principles, and an inventory of rule of law relating to the research problem. The conclusion relating to the cases in this study, namely charging Position Leader Higher done in an open and competitive among Civil Servants by taking into account the requirements of competence, qualifications, rank, education and training, track record positions, and intergitas and other requirements needed in accordance with the legislation reflects to realize the secretaries of provincial officials were neutral.

Effect of chemical heterogeneity of biodegradable polymers on surface energy: A static contact angle analysis of polyester model films

Biodegradable and bioassimilable poly((R,S)-3,3 dimethylmalic acid) (PDMMLA) derivatives were synthesized and characterized in order to develop a new coating for coronary endoprosthesis enabling the reduction of restenosis. The PDMMLA was chemically modified to form different custom groups in its side chain. Three side groups were chosen: the hexyl group for its hydrophobic nature, the carboxylic acid and alcohol groups for their acid and neutral hydrophilic character, respectively. The sessile drop method was applied to characterize the wettability of biodegradable polymer film coatings. Surface energy and components were calculated. The van Oss approach helped reach not only the dispersive and polar acid–base components of surface energy but also acid and basic components. Surface topography was quantified by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and subnanometer average values of roughness (Ra) were obtained for all the analyzed surfaces. Thus, roughness was considered to have a negligible effect on wettability measurements. In contrast, heterogeneous surfaces had to be corrected by the Cassie–Baxter equation for copolymers (10/90, 20/80 and 30/70). The impact of this correction was quantified for all the wettability parameters. Very high relative corrections (%) were found, reaching 100% for energies and 30% for contact angles.

Nitrate Uptake from Water by Means of Tailored Adsorbents

Two different adsorbents directed to nitrate removal from water were developed from Parkinsonia aculeata wood. An activated carbon was obtained by chemical activation with K2CO3 at 800 °C, whereas another adsorbent was prepared using a dilute solution of NH4Cl at 450 °C. Elemental compositions, surface functional groups, and textural parameters of both adsorbents were determined and compared with those of a commercial activated carbon used as a reference. Nitrate adsorption assays were carried out to examine the effects of solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and equilibrium adsorption isotherms. The adsorbent obtained with K2CO3 showed a well-developed pore structure (S BET = 777 m2/g; V T = 0.35 cm3/g) and neutral character, while the one prepared with NH4Cl exhibited a low porous development (S BET = 58 m2/g; V T = 0.03 cm3/g), acidic nature, and a noticeably high N content. The latter attained the highest nitrate removal efficiency, with a maximum adsorption capacity (X mL = 0.40 mmol/g) higher than those estimated for the former (X mL = 0.34 mmol/g) and the commercial sample (X mL = 0.23 mmol/g), pointing to a predominant role of the chemical surface characteristics, mainly of N-containing groups and basic functionalities. Accordingly, the adsorbent obtained with NH4Cl represents a friendly novel material especially suited for nitrate removal.

Catalytic Transfer of Magnetism using a Neutral Iridium Phenoxide Complex.

A novel neutral iridium carbene complex Ir(κC,O-L1)(COD) (1) [where COD = cyclooctadiene and L1 = 3-(2-methylene-4-nitrophenolate)-1-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) imidazolylidene] with a pendant alkoxide ligand has been prepared and characterized. It contains a strong Ir-O bond and X-ray analysis reveals a distorted square planar structure. NMR spectroscopy reveals dynamic solution state behavior commensurate with rapid seven-membered ring flipping. In CD2Cl2 solution, under hydrogen at low temperature, this complex dominates although it exists in equilibrium with a reactive iridium dihydride cyclooctadiene complex. 1 reacts with pyridine and H2 to form neutral Ir(H)2(κC,O-L1)(py)2 which also exists in two conformers that differ according to the orientation of the seven-membered metallocycle and whilst its Ir-O bond remains intact, the complex undergoes both pyridine and H2 exchange. As a consequence, when placed under parahydrogen, efficient polarization transfer catalysis (PTC) is observed via the Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) approach. Due to the neutral character of this catalyst, good hyperpolarization activity is shown in a wide range of solvents for a number of substrates. These observations reflect a dramatic improvement in solvent tolerance of SABRE over that reported for the best PTC precursor IrCl(IMes)(COD). For THF, the associated 1H NMR signal enhancement for the ortho proton signal of pyridine shows an increase of 600-fold at 298 K. The level of signal enhancement can be increased further through warming or varying the magnetic field experienced by the sample at the point of catalytic magnetization transfer.

Titanium compounds and their impact on the transformation of air pollutants

Titanium as transition metal is demonstrating the high mechanical strength, is light and corrosion resistant. The estimation of environmental impact of use of machine parts thats grains are freed from contact surface of titanium alloys by wear is buffling. Due to its catalytic action TiO 2 is nowadays added to: asphalt, concrete, exterior paints for elevation, self-cleaning glass and protective coatings. It is also present by clothes, food (E171), cosmetics (CI 77891) and textiles. The research on toxicity of titanium and its compounds is pointing at their neutral character, however an adverse impact is also being observed by nature. TiO 2 may affect air quality – it promotes free radicals and ozone origination. Properties and directions of titanium compounds use and their influence on pollutants circulation were described.

Habermas and the aporia of translating religion in democracy

In his recent attempt to make democracy more politically hospitable to religion, Habermas calls for the potential contributions of religion to democratic politics not to be neglected. He simultaneously calls for translating religious meanings into neutral reasons as a way of including them at the level of formal politics and for maintaining the necessity of an institutional translational proviso to immunize the neutral character of the state. This article presents three arguments. First, what Habermas effectively calls for is not conventional translation in which meaning is transferred from one language (signification system) into another. Rather, his call is for an anasemic translation which is an operation of de-signification of the truth contents of religious contributions and then a re-signification. Second, because Habermas calls for translation, he necessarily runs into the aporia of translation in the sense that certain aspects of religion are untranslatable into his generally acceptable language. Therefore, Habermas’ translation proviso creates an asymmetry between religious and non-religious citizens, which is detrimental to the conditions of political legitimacy. Third, it is suggested that to address this problem the citizens must adopt an ethos of hospitality toward the untranslatable of religion as part of the conditions of political legitimacy.

Newspapers folha de são paulo e correio braziliense: what they say about the program more doctors?

Analyzes publications related More Medical Program from July to September of 2013 and its impact on Correio Braziliense and Folha de São Paulo. This is a descriptive study using a qualitative-quantitative methodology. The analyzed and related data represent what the program takes in print. 363 publications were found, 262 in Folha de São Paulo and 101 in Correio. The word "Doctor" appeared in more titles, and Folha de São Paulo were 110 negative titles; to Correio neutral character was in 50 publications. In the character of news, 178 of these are pessimistic. The "neutral" and 101 representing "optimistic" 83. Was found that the media is critical to the impact of the program, but the truth is not apparent, but the opinion of journalists who wrote the stories related to the theme.

A discrete amphiphilic organoplatinum(II) metallacycle with tunable lower critical solution temperature behavior.

Oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG)-decorated supramolecular assemblies are distinguished by their neutral character and macroscopic temperature-sensitive phase transition behavior. OEG functionalization is an emerging strategy to obtain thermoresponsive macrocyclic amphiphiles, although known methods organize the hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments by covalent bonding. Coordination-driven self-assembly offers an alternative route for organizing OEG-functionalized precursors into nanoscopic architectures, resulting in well-defined metallacycle cores surrounded by hydrophilic scaffolds to impart overall amphiphilic character. Here a tri(ethylene glycol)-functionalized thermosensitive amphiphilic metallacycle was prepared with high efficiency by means of the directional-bonding approach. The ensembles thus formed showed good lower critical solution temperature behavior with a highly sensitive phase separation and excellent reversibility. Moreover, the clouding point decreased with increasing metallacycle concentration and addition of K(+).

Simple approach to derivatization of alcohols and phenols for the analysis by matrix(surface)-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Direct analysis of hydroxyl-containing compounds by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) methods is not always possible due to the neutral character of analytes. The suggested fixed-charge derivatization may increase the ionization efficiency for various alcohols and phenols in specific matrix- and surface-activated LDI conditions. Aliphatic and steroid alcohols, as well as chlorophenols, were converted into various ammonioacetyl derivatives, containing a covalently bonded charged group, by reaction with bromoacetyl chloride and amine-type compounds such as triethylamine, pyridine or quinoline. The derivatives are suitable for MALDI-time-of-flight (TOF)MS analysis. Triethylammoniumacetyl, pyridyliumacetyl and quinoliniumacetyl derivatives were prepared from aliphatic alcohols, some sterols and chlorinated phenols in one stage with quantitative yields. The derivatives produced characteristic MALDI and SALDI mass spectra. The suggested derivatization approach for the modification of alcohols is simple and does not require any expensive reagents. The derivatives include a fixed charge and produce intense signals in MALDI (preferentially non-acidic matrices) and matrix-free SALDI (nanostructured target) conditions. Corresponding mass spectra are suitable for the determination of molecular mass and profiling of alcohols.

Preparation of amphoteric nanocomposite hydrogels based on exfoliation of montmorillonite via in-situ intercalative polymerization of hydrophilic cationic and anionic monomers

It is important for montmorillonite (Mt) -based nanocomposites to achieve good intercalation or exfoliation of Mt in composite structure. In this paper, N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl] methacrylamide (DMAPMA), which is nonionic in neutral solution but cationic character in acid solution, and acrylic acid (AA) were used to modify Mt with AA together. Here DMAPMA and AA were used not only as the intercalators to disperse and intercalate Mt but also as the main monomers to form amphoteric nanocomposite hydrogels. The XRD and TEM results illustrated that an exfoliated or a highly intercalated nanocomposite structure was obtained. Compression strength of amphoteric nanocomposite hydrogel reached 54.4kPa under the water content of 99.8%. It should be emphasized that the excellent mechanical property of the hydrogels was reached without adding chemical crosslinking agents. Compared with the organic hydrogel, the hydrogels showed significant improvement in swelling capacity.

Molecular variability in geographically distant populations of Drosophila melanogaster at the Lim3 gene regulating nervous system development

In this study, we compare the variability of the regulatory region of the Lim3 gene, which plays a key role in the development of the nervous system, in two populations of Drosophila melanogaster inhabiting the cities of Aleksandrov (Russia) and Raleigh (United States). The two population areas are located in different geographic regions and differ in their ecology. A comparison of nucleotide sequences of 16 (2010) and 20 (2011) alleles from the Alexandrov population showed that in both cases the variability level of the untranslated Lim3 region was considerably lower than that of the 5' regulatory region adjacent to the transcription start site. According to quantitative and quantitative parameters of the variability, there was no difference between samples of different years, which indicates the stability of the population inhabiting the northern border of the species areal. The patterns of polymorphic sites are similar in both populations, which suggest a neutral character of the variability found with respect to environmental factors, as well as the importance of nucleotide substitutions in a number of sites of the Lim3 regulatory region with respect to the control of this gene expression.

The application of capillary electrophoresis techniques in toxicological analysis.

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) comprises a group of techniques used to separate chemical mixtures. Analytical separation is based on different electrophoretic mobilities, thereby allowing qualitative and quantitative evaluations to be made. The application of CE in medical science, especially in toxicological studies, is developing rapidly because of the short time required for analysis and its high sensitivity, selectivity and ability to determine substances of an acidic, alkaline and neutral character. This review focuses on the possibility of applying CE in toxicological analysis. Advances in different CE analyses and detection techniques connected with this method are described.

Charge-based characterisation of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits from common wheat by capillary isoelectric focusing

In this study, the capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) method for the separation and charge characterisation of the heterogeneity of high molecular-weight-glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using linear polyacrylamide (LPA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coated capillaries was developed. Particularly good repeatability and well-resolved charge isoform profiles were obtained by introducing a mixture of carrier ampholytes (pH 3–10 and pH 5–8), a high concentration of urea (6M) and SB3-12 as detergent in a sample solution during separation in a PVA-coated capillary. One major and one or two minor isoforms were observed for the individual HMW-GS. These isoforms were satisfactorily separated using a pH gradient into two groups: y-type isoforms and x-type isoforms encoded by the Glu-B1 locus with shorter migration times and remaining x-type isoforms with longer times. The method produced from eight to twelve isoforms of wheat HMW-GS with pI points in the range of 4.72–6.98. Generally, the minor isoforms were more acidic compared with the major isoform. The y-type subunits had an approximately neutral character (pI 6.70–6.98); however, x-types showed a weakly acidic character (pI 4.72–5.23), with the exception of subunits encoded by the Glu-B1 locus. The isoelectric point peak profiles were compared with capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) electropherograms. Generally, the number of detected isoforms for the particular HMW-GS detected using both methods were similar.

Genetic diversity of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] in Romanian Carpathians

The genetic diversity of Romanian most important coniferous tree species, the Norway spruce, was estimated by means of allozyme markers. A total of 695 adult trees sampled from eleven populations grouped in six mountainous areas in the Romanian Carpathians were analyzed. In three metapopulations (Maramureş, Postăvar and Parâng), to evaluate the influence of altitudinal gradient on genetic diversity, samples were collected from populations located at high and low altitude. At other location (ApuseniMountains) we compared the narrow-crown biotype ( Picea abies var. columnaris ) and the pyramidal crown biotype ( Picea abies var. pyramidalis ) and explored the genetic structure of peat bog ecotype. By analyzing 7 enzyme systems and 12 enzyme coding loci, a total of 38 allelic variants have been detected. The mean value of polymorphic loci for the six sites was 86.1%, ranging between 83.3% and 91.7% and the mean expected heterozygosity was 0.115, resulting in a moderate level of genetic diversity. The highest genetic diversity ( H e = 0.134) was found in the narrow-crown spruce population. Apuseni metapopulation showed the highest genetic diversity ( H e = 0.125), being the most valuable for conservation of genetic resources. The small value of fixation index ( F ST = 0.009) indicates a low genetic differentiation between the six sites and AMOVA test revealed a very high level of genetic diversity within population (99%). Comparative analysis of genetic parameters showed small differences between high and low altitude populations at each site, probably due to the neutral character of the markers analyzed and the effect of gene flow between gradiental populations.

Neutral and acidic products derived from hydroxyl radical-induced oxidation of arabinotriose assessed by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry

The oxidation of α-(1 → 5)-L-arabinotriose (Ara3), an oligosaccharide structurally related to side chains of coffee arabinogalactans, was studied in reaction with hydroxyl radicals generated under conditions of Fenton reaction (Fe(2+)/H2O2). The acidic and neutral oxidation products were separated by ligand exchange/size-exclusion chromatography, subsequently identified by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and structurally characterised by tandem MS (ESI-MS/MS). In acidic fraction were identified several oxidation products containing an acidic residue at the corresponding reducing end of Ara3, namely arabinonic acid, and erythronic, glyceric and glycolic acids formed by oxidative scission of the furanose ring. In neutral fractions were identified derivatives containing keto, hydroxy and hydroperoxy moieties, as well as derivatives resulting from the ring scission at the reducing end of Ara3. In both acidic and neutral fractions, beyond the trisaccharide derivatives, the corresponding di- and monosaccharide derivatives were identified indicating the occurrence of oxidative depolymerisation. The structural characterisation of these oxidation products by ESI-MS/MS allowed the differentiation of isobaric and isomeric species of acidic and neutral character. The species identified in this study may help in detection of roasting products associated with the free radical-mediated oxidation of coffee arabinogalactans.