Neutral Character Research Articles

Стан системи прооксидантноантиоксидантної рівноваги в процесі комплексної терапії у хворих на вогнищеву склеродермію

Introduction. The development of oxidative stress in focal scleroderma is the basis for the use of antioxidant therapy in the treatment of this disease, in connection with which drugs of natural antioxidants are of interest. The objective was to study the effect of complex treatment on the level of oxidative stress of proteins and lipids, the state of the antioxidant defense system in focal scleroderma. Materials and research methods. The study included 78 patients with focal scleroderma. In the comparison group (n=38) treatment was prescribed according to the recommendations. In the main group (n=40) to the basic therapy was added tivortin, eliminal gel, ultraphonophoresis with longidase. The contents of dinitrophenylhydrazones of neutral (E370) and basic character (E430), malonic dialdehyde (MDA), hydroperoxides (HP), reduced glutathione (GR), superoxide dimutase (SOD), catalase (CT), glutathionereductase (GR) were analyzed. Results. It was found that the absolute effectiveness of complex therapy in reducing the level of dinitrophenylhydrazones of neutral and basic nature exceeds the baseline by 27.0 and 26.0% (p<0.05). The therapeutic benefit of the inclusion of antioxidants in complex therapy to reduce the level of diene conjugates was 33.0% (p<0.05), the content of HP – 22.0% (p<0.05), MDA – 41.0% (p<0,05). It was proven the reliable therapeutic efficacy of complex treatment to increase the intensity of antioxidant enzymes, which was 28.0% relative to the level of SOD (p<0.05), 26.0% relative to the content of CT (p<0.05), 42.0% – according to the SOD/CT index (p<0.05), as well as 22.0% to increase the activity of GR (p<0.05). Conclusions. Comprehensive treatment of focal scleroderma, with the addition of drugs that have endothelioprotective, antihypoxic and antioxidant effects, reduce the production of free radicals and restore the activity of enzymes of antioxidant protection is highly effective and pathogenetically justified

Influence of breeding strategy on genetic diversity of individuals

Abstract. Using a computer simulation model, we tried to investigate how the transition from sexual reproduction to asexual reproduction will affect the population of diploid organisms with a neutral character of molecular evolution. At the same time, special attention was paid to the specificity of microsatellite markers. In this paper, we develop fast and inexpensive methods for assessing the changes in populations that occur with a change in reproductive strategy.

«ДЕТСКИЕ» ЭРГОНИМЫ РОСТОВА-НА-ДОНУ: СТРАТЕГИИ НОМИНАЦИИ

The nomination of objects of various functional profiles is an active process of a person’s linguistic activity, the intensity of which increases in conditions of tough economic competition, since the name of the object is an important factor in promoting the market. The names of business associations of people, commercial enterprises, cultural objects, sports establishments, catering and service establishments are used by onomastics specialists as ergonyms. Considering «children» ergonyms, we, following M.E. Ruth, find the implementation of three types of strategy for the nomination of objects – objectified, subjectified and neutralization strategies, which in different ways determine the behavior of the subject of the nomination in relation to the properties of the object. In accordance with the indicated strategies, nominative units of three types are conditionally allocated: a) units of objective nomination; b) units of subjective nomination; c) units of a neutral nomination, as well as units that occupy a borderline position in a variety of objective (in relation to the subject to the nomination object) names. In units of the first type, the subject of the nomination seeks to identify as objectively the identifying feature of the object as possible and uses the minimum set of traditional linguistic models of nomination. The type of names of neutral (according to the “object-subject” ratio) character is widely represented. The greatest linguistic interest is aroused by the type of onyms in which the strategy of subjectivization is implemented, represented in the framework of «children» ergonymy in three varieties according to the role of the subject of the nomination.

Ratiometric and sensitive cyanide sensing using dual-emissive gold nanoclusters.

The detection of cyanide anion (CN-), a highly toxic pollutant, has attracted growing attention in the past years. In this work, a nanosensor composed of hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (hPEI)-assisted dual-emissive gold nanoclusters (DE-Au NCs) is proposed for ratiometric detection of CN- based on surface valence state-driving etch. The ratiometric color change of fluorescence is based on a fact that the red-emissive Au NCs with a high content of surface Au(I) can be easily etched by CN-, while the blue-emissive Au NCs with nearly neutral character can resist CN-. Because of the specific gold-CN- chemistry and electrostatic attraction between the positively charged hPEI protecting layer and the negatively charged CN-, the DE-Au NC-based nanosensor provides high selectivity toward CN- over other anions with a limit of detection of 10nM. Practical application of the proposed DE-Au NC nanosensor is verified by satisfying recoveries of CN- determination in river water and urine samples. Graphical abstract.

Study on the effect of gasification agents on the integrated system of biomass gasification combined cycle and oxy-fuel combustion

Abstract An integrated system of biomass gasification combined cycle with oxy-fuel combustion was proposed. Considering the neutral character of biomass, the “negative emissions” were achieved. Different gasifying agents, including steam, CO2, steam + O2, CO2 + O2, steam + CO2, and steam + CO2 + O2 were examined. The steam and CO2 in gasifying agents were directly separated from flue gas in power generation unit. The effects of equivalence ratios and gasifying agent to biomass ratios on syngas production were studied. The results revealed that steam contributed to the yield of H2, while it inhibited the generation of CO. CO2 in the gasifying agent promoted the yield of CO. O2 had little impact on H2 production, but it significantly reduced the generation of CO and CH4. The introduction of O2 in gasifying agent reduced the syngas LHV while it generally raised the gasification efficiency. Furthermore, when O2 was used to realize the autothermal gasification process, the net power generation efficiencies under steam + O2 gasification, CO2 + O2 gasification and steam + CO2 + O2 gasification were 26.3%, 28.3% and 27.6%, respectively. These efficiencies were competitive considering the biomass disposal and carbon capture.

Influence of the Spreča River Flooding on Individual Physicochemical Parameters of Soil

During the last few years, we have witnessed more frequent floods affecting the northeastern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the valley of the Spreca River. Flooded soil has undergone various changes, in terms of numerous deficiencies and heavy metal contamination, where such soil represents a great danger both for people and animals. Therefore, in this paper the physicochemical analysis of soil and degree of pollution is determined. The aim of soil sampling and analysis is to determine its status after water withdrawal, in terms of nutrient supply, and to determine possible chemical pollution. Based on the results obtained, agricultural producers will receive recommendations regarding restoration of production on these areas, the choice of cultivated culture, corrective measures or remediation of these areas. As part of the analysis, hygroscopic moisture, acid-base soil status, oxidoreduction potential, organic matter content, carbonate content and heavy metals content were determined. Based on the performed analyzes, the soil was shown to be of neutral character (determined in 1M KCl), and weakly alkaline (determined in distilled H2O) with predominantly reducing condition prevailing in the soil. The conducted analyzes have shown that the soil is very poor in humus, and that the heavy metals content is within the limit values determined by the Rulebook on Determination of Allowed Quantities of Harmful and Dangerous Substances in Soil and Method of Testing there of (“Official Gazette of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina”, number 52/09). Therefore, from the aspect of the pollution degree, the soil from this plot belongs to the first class when it comes to iron, manganese, cadmium and lead, to the second class when it comes to zinc, and the third class when it comes to copper.

Influence of the Spreca River Flooding on Individual Physicochemical Parameters of Soil

During the last few years, we have witnessed more frequent floods affecting the northeastern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the valley of the Spreca River. Flooded soil has undergone various changes, in terms of numerous deficiencies and heavy metal contamination, where such soil represents a great danger both for people and animals. Therefore, in this paper the physicochemical analysis of soil and degree of pollution is determined. The aim of soil sampling and analysis is to determine its status after water withdrawal, in terms of nutrient supply, and to determine possible chemical pollution. Based on the results obtained, agricultural producers will receive recommendations regarding restoration of production on these areas, the choice of cultivated culture, corrective measures or remediation of these areas. As part of the analysis, hygroscopic moisture, acid-base soil status, oxidoreduction potential, organic matter content, carbonate content and heavy metals content were determined. Based on the performed analyzes, the soil was shown to be of neutral character (determined in 1M KCl), and weakly alkaline (determined in distilled H2O) with predominantly reducing condition prevailing in the soil. The conducted analyzes have shown that the soil is very poor in humus, and that the heavy metals content is within the limit values determined by the Rulebook on Determination of Allowed Quantities of Harmful and Dangerous Substances in Soil and Method of Testing there of (“Official Gazette of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina”, number 52/09). Therefore, from the aspect of the pollution degree, the soil from this plot belongs to the first class when it comes to iron, manganese, cadmium and lead, to the second class when it comes to zinc, and the third class when it comes to copper.

Gender Responsive Budgeting: A tool for gender equality

The aim of this paper is to assess the potential of Gender Responsive Budgeting (GBR) for engendering social change and supporting gender equality. In this paper, we argue that GRB has the potential to strengthen accounting’s set of constitutive values to challenge the seemingly neutral and genderless character of accounting. We contribute to critical accounting and gender-in-accounting research by fleshing out this potential. We identify the features of GRB, its objectives and principles, provide a critique of existing GRB practices, and outline the role accounting can play in addressing the shortcomings we identify. So far, neither mainstream nor feminist accounting scholarship have contributed to the debate around the development, implementation, and support of GRB. In our view, this topic should be of interest to accounting academics as well as practitioners because of the magnitude of the issues involved in relation to, both, accounting and women.

Features of advertising placement in the historical environment

The article is devoted to the study of previously unresolved parts of the general problem of development and placement of outdoor advertising in the historical environment, taking into account the historical and urban zoning. The topic studied by the author concerns the analysis and supplementation of the principles of advertising in the historical environment. The novelty of the article is the author's work and establishing a correspondence between the content of the environment and the content of advertising. The practical results of the implementation of the "Urban Planning Concept of Formation of an Integral Architectural and Spatial Composition and the Rules of Building the Historical Part of Kyiv", which came into force in 2018, are presented. It is noted that today there is an oversaturation of urban space with advertising, which is often placed spontaneously and uncontrollably, without taking into account the peculiarities of the environment. Given the complexity, ambiguity of decisions in the organization of modern advertising and information space of the architectural environment, the organization of such space must take into account a number of factors, including the existing historical state of the territory, external factors influencing the assessment and identification of outdoor advertising. The division of advertising by content into business, social, political and religious is analyzed. It is noted that the historical environment also has its content depending on the character (memorial character, sacred character, neutral character, representative character, perform a public function). Accordingly, when placing advertising, care must be taken to ensure that the content of advertising does not contradict the content of the environment.

Neutral metamorphoses of technical violence

ABSTRACT There is a dimension of violence internal to the functioning logic of technical systems and within the transparency of the instrumental vision of technology. Yet it is one of the centres of rotation of the mobile geography of global violence. This article aims to highlight this centre of mobilization of contemporary violence by identifying the neutral character of technical violence. Technical neutrality, being an instrumental field of operation, qualifies only on the basis of the qualities of meaning that move the action of violent subjects, be they individual or collective. In fact, each violent subject uses technologies to enhance the act of violation in order to impose a sense of his order of reality in the victim's sphere of life. However, it is precisely by serving the various ends that qualify the omnipotence of the violent subject that the technique systematically becomes their master. This reversal of the means-ends relationship is one of the accelerating factors of the innovation cycles of the forms of technical violence towards increasingly sophisticated and pervasive degrees. Moving in this problematic context, the article aims to understand how the technical metamorphoses of violence reconfigure the contemporary social bond as well as human identity.

Potential Interaction of Noble Gas Atoms and Anionic Electrons in Ca2N

Noble gas (NG) is often used as a hydrostatic pressure-transmitting medium in high-pressure experiments. However, the NG atoms under compression are found to be readily trapped in the voids of some ionic compounds. Electrides usually have large open frameworks and show strong hydrogen and oxygen affinities. To investigate the interaction of light NG with electrides under pressure, we perform the structural investigations of Ca2N in a diamond anvil cell under different NG (He, Ne, and Ar) conditions, assisted by density functional theory calculations. Experimental results find that in comparison with nonhydrostatic pressure, transition paths of Ca2N change with different pressure media and phase transition pressure is reduced significantly, and NG is chemically inert for electrides in the studied pressure range. Theoretical analysis indicates that the anionic electrons in Ca2N electride show strong repulsion with NG, preventing NG atoms from entering electrides. Such repulsion is due to the almost neutral character of noble atoms in electrides, which makes it difficult for them to interact with anionic electrons. Moreover, in the predicted metastable Ca2N–NG, the neutral features of NG atoms result in the reservation of the intrinsic electride character. Our results reveal that the NGs can be used as protective gases for electrides under ambient conditions or hydrostatic pressure-transmitting media for the studies of high-pressure electrides within 50 GPa.

UNA APROXIMACIÓN CRÍTICA A LA DENOMINACIÓN DE ACCIONES DE COLABORACIÓN COMO NEUTRALES

The present article aims to perform a critical analysis of the denomination ofcollaborative actions as neutral and how this has affected ist proper treatment as complicity inthe German doctrine and jurisprudence. These are behaviors that appear to be harmless, butenable the realization of a crime through its execution or omission, raising the question aboutthe conditions (objective or subjective) that must be verified in a collaborative behavior in or-der for a subject to be attributed as title of complicity the unjust committed by another. Afterexposing the theoretical problem that this category aims to cover, we will try to demonstrate,in first place, the incorrectness of the denomination and, with it, the habitual starting point forthe treatment of this group of cases, this is to analyze the assumptions under which a behaviorloses its neutral character. Secondly, it is intended to demonstrate that the identification of thisgroup of cases corresponds to a real dogmatic problem that must be addressed by the criminallaw under the subsumption analysis proper to the complicity scheme.

Zapożyczenia niemieckie w XIX-wiecznym Dykcjonarzu Michała Amszejewicza (przyczynek do badań nad słownictwem obcego pochodzenia w polszczyźnie)

Michał Amszejewicz in Dykcjonarz, which was a record of vocabulary of foreign origin used in the Polish language in the middle of the 19th century, recorded more than eight hundred lexical units (838 in 633 entries, which comprise 511 monosemes and 122 polysemes with two or more meanings) present in the lexis as a result of interference between the Polish and the German languages. Their functional allocation is diversified, with specialist lexis being dominant. Analysed vocabulary in the middle of the 19th century was functionally allocated to various areas of activity, firstly to crafts – 155 lexical units (18.5%), next to military and its organisation – 93 lexical units (11.1%), merchant’s profession and its specifics, commercial and financial aspects – 72 lexical units (8.6%). The remaining 518 lexical units (61.8%) are scattered in the lexicon of another several dozens of specialties, such as rafting, mining, metallurgy, forestry, meteorology, gardening, fine arts and others. Until the beginning of the 21st century, out of 838 analysed lexical units a diversified life cycle was preserved by 321 (38.3%), and 517 (61.7%) were transferred to linguistic archives of the Polish Language. In analysed vocabulary of German origin, actively used in the most recent Polish Language, biased lexis is dominant – in terms of terminology and style; less frequently these are words with a neutral character, regarded as basic vocabulary. Analysed Germanisms have also undergone semantic changes, i.e. specialisation, generalisation, metaphorisation and partial transformations. Germanisms in the Polish Language of the 19th century are a cultural and linguistic fact, which is characterised by certain specific conditions, also in terms of the time of their use and functionality, which has been emphasised on numerous occasions by their researcher – Bogusław Nowowiejski.

Русские устойчивые сравнения с зоонимами, описывающие черты характера человека, в русском и китайском языках

The aim of the article is to compare and clarify the differences in the perception of the image of a zoonym by the speakers of the analyzed languages on the basis of the collected units of fixed comparisons with zoonym component describing human character traits in Russian and Chinese. All the collected fixed comparisons are divided into positive, neutral and negative character traits and similarities and differences are shown when describing the same character trait with the help of fixed comparisons with zoonim component. The result of the study will help avoid the mistakes of using fixed comparisons with zoonym component for Chinese students learning Russian. The scientific novelty lies in the complex analysis of fixed comparisons with the Russian and Chinese zoonyms. As a result, it has been proven that the descriptions of human character traits using fixed comparisons formed by the zoonyms in the Chinese and Russian languages are very different.

BIOCHEMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL MARKERS OF EXPERIMENTAL SCOPOLAMINE-INDUCED NEURODEGENERATION AND THE EFFECT OF ENALAPRIL ON THEM

The aim: Was to study enalapril effect on protein peroxide oxidation and lipids of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats with neurodegeneration pattern. Materials and methods: The experiments were conducted on nonlinear albino male rats 0,18-0,20 kg of the body weight. Modeled neurodegeneration was simulated by intraperitoneal introduction of scopolamine hydrochloride during 27 days in the dose of 1 mg/kg. Enalapril was introduced intraperitoneal in the dose of 1 mg/kg. Results: In rats with modeled scopolamine-induced neurodegeneration in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus under enalapril effect, the content of products, reacting with 2-thiobarbituric acid and proteins of a neutral and major character, decreases, which is indicative of a reduced intensity of lipid and protein peroxide oxidation. Morphologic the number of cells with karyopyknosis signs decreases and a relative staining density of the neuron tigroid substance increases, which is indicative of inhibition of the progress of the cerebral neurodestructive processes under conditions of scopolamine-induced damage. Conclusions: The obtained results are indicative of enalapril ability to improve the examined indices, which is the evidence of increased processes of antioxidant protection and possibility to inhibit neurodegeneration development in case of scopolamine induced lesion of the brain.

Surface-Energy and Acid–Base Properties of Clays Applied As Polymer Modifiers

A series of clays are studied as potentially effective fillers for polyolefins. For the purpose of achieving good interaction with the polymers, surface-energy and acid–base properties of clay powders are evaluated using the preferential wetting method. It is shown that the surface of the clay acquires a neutral character as a result of the modification.

IFRS 9 compliant economic adjustment of expected credit loss modeling

This paper presents an International Financial Reporting Standard 9 (IFRS 9) compliant solution related to expected credit loss modeling. Commonly, credit default swap (CDS) spreads are considered as market indicators of future debt performance. However, we demonstrate empirically that nondefault risks explain a relevant part of the CDS spread, and we assess the average weight-of-default component for each point in the CDS spread term structure. Thus, to be used for probability of default estimations, CDS spreads must be adjusted for the nondefault component to guarantee the neutral character of expected credit loss estimations, as required by IFRS 9. Our study introduces an innovative methodology for extracting the pure default component and probability of default calibration. To enable economic adjustment of probabilities of default we analyze the relationship between a long-run average of the across-the-sample mean CDS spread of the homogeneous cohort of issuers and the spread implied by the long-run average of the observed default rates. Our easy-to-implement solution is applied to a sample of investment-grade and high-yield corporate debt issuers. We exploit differences in the economic performance of North American and eurozone obligors. The proposed framework allows us to understand complex interactions between the forward-looking impairment provisions and economic capital requirements in relation to credit losses.

Understanding Bismarck’s legacy: The role of work history in Belgian social security law

This article examines the role that work history plays in income replacement social security benefits in Belgium. The central premise is that, due to the Bismarckian origins of Belgian social security, work history is a concept that is structurally at the core of this system. However, the fact that this element is, from a legal perspective, considered to be self-evident and a prerequisite for the functioning of social security, should not preclude us from exploring its contingent nature. The article argues that the way in which work history is expressed in the laws governing different social security benefits can sometimes create or perpetuate a certain state of affairs, based on an underlying value judgement. In this sense, work history supersedes the mere technical or neutral character that can be attributed to it, and in fact functions as an implicit or explicit policy tool to help model social security in a particular way

Cryptocurrency – Sentiment Analysis in Social Media

Abstract The paper proposes the exploration, identification and development of a Java solution for extracting the sentiment related to the cryptocurrencies phenomenon, from the content of the posts of certain popular social networks. Detecting the positive, neutral or negative character of the sentiment is adopted as a relevant method of establishing the nature of the human perception on the topical issue defined by cryptocurrencies.

Neutrality operations-based Pythagorean fuzzy aggregation operators and its applications to multiple attribute group decision-making process

Pythagorean fuzzy sets accommodate more uncertainties than the intuitionistic fuzzy sets and hence it is one of the most important concepts to describe the fuzzy information in the process of decision making. Under this environment, the main objective of the work is to develop some new operational laws and their corresponding weighted aggregation operators. For it, we define some new neutral addition and scalar multiplication operational laws by incorporating the features of a neutral character towards the membership degrees of the set and the probability sum. Some properties of the proposed laws are investigated. Then, associated with these operational laws, we define some novel Pythagorean fuzzy weighted, ordered weighted and hybrid neutral averaging aggregation operators for Pythagorean fuzzy information, which can neutrally treat the membership and non-membership degrees. The various relations and the characteristics of the proposed operators are discussed. Further, in order to ease with the possible application, we present an algorithm to solve the multiple attribute group decision-making problems under the Pythagorean fuzzy environment. Finally, a practical example is provided to illustrate the approach and show its superiority, advantages by comparing their performance with some several existing approaches.