Network Traffic Increases Research Articles

Bandwidth Control Using Adaptive Packet Policer Management for Packet Transport Network Based on Service Layer Request

SUMMARYAs the mobile service, the cloud service, and machine‐to‐machine service are becoming more and more popular, network traffic increases drastically and the requirements for network services are diversifying. In this paper, we propose the transport network architecture using packet transport technology, which attains the integration of expanding traffic fairly and effectively. We propose the implementation of network traffic control functionalities, which can attain the variety of requirements for traffic control from many kinds of network services.

대용량 네트워크 환경에서 익명 네트워크 탐지 및 효과적 대응전략에 관한 연구

유 무선 네트워크 인프라의 발전으로 과거와 비교할 수 없을 정도의 대용량 트래픽이 인터넷을 통해 서비스되고 있으며, 사물인터넷과 같은 네트워크 패러다임의 변화에 따라 트래픽은 매년 증가하여 2018년에는 약 1.6제타바이트의 트래픽이 네트워크를 통해 유통될 것으로 예상하고 있다. 네트워크 트래픽이 증가함에 따라 보안 인프라의 성능도 함께 발전하여 대용량의 트래픽을 보안장비에서 처리하고 있으며, 해킹 시도 및 악성코드 등 매일 수 십 만건의 보안이벤트를 처리하고 있다. 다양한 종류의 보안인프라에서 탐지하는 공격 시도에 대한 이벤트를 어떻게 효율적으로 분석하고 대응하느냐 하는 것은 안정된 인터넷 서비스를 제공하기 위해 매우 중요한 과제 중 하나이다. 하지만 현재의 보안관제 환경은 실시간으로 발생하는 대량의 보안이벤트를 분석하는 것에 어려움을 가지고 있으며, 다양한 환경적 요인에 의해 보안인프라에서 탐지하는 모든 이벤트를 분석하고 대응하는데 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 보안인프라에서 탐지된 이벤트에 대해 제안된 알고리즘을 사용하여 익명 네트워크를 분류하고 유해트래픽을 탐지함으로써 기존의 Low-Latency를 활용한 Tor 네트워크 트래픽 탐지와 같은 연구의 한계를 극복하고자 한다. Due to a development of the cable/wireless network infra, the traffic as big as unable to compare with the past is being served through the internet, the traffic is increasing every year following the change of the network paradigm such as the object internet, especially the traffic of about 1.6 zettabyte is expected to be distributed through the network in 2018. As the network traffic increases, the performance of the security infra is developing together to deal with the bulk terabyte traffic in the security equipment, and is generating hundreds of thousands of security events every day such as hacking attempt and the malignant code. Efficiently analyzing and responding to an event on the attack attempt detected by various kinds of security equipment of company is one of very important assignments for providing a stable internet service. This study attempts to overcome the limit of study such as the detection of Tor network traffic using the existing low-latency by classifying the anonymous network by means of the suggested algorithm about the event detected in the security infra.

분산 환경에서의 효율적인 콘텐츠 인증 기술

ABSTRACT To seamlessly provide content through the Internet, it is gener ally considered to use distributed processing for content reque sts converged on original content providers like P2P, CDN, and ICN. That is, after other nodes temporally save content, they handl e content requests instead of original content providers. However, in this case, it may be possible that a content sender is dif ferent from the original provider of the content. In this case, users may be exposed to various risks. To solve such a problem, it is highly recommended to verify received contents before using the m, but it can cause network traffic increases as well as a seri ous service delay. This paper proposes an efficient content verific ation scheme for distributed networking/data store environments and analyzes its performance. Keywords: Futur Internet, NDN, Web Caching, Content Verification, MHT I.서 론 * 초기 인터넷의 주된 목적은 원격 호스트들 간의 안전한 연결을 제공하는 것이었기 때문에, 현재와 같 접수일(2015년 5월 30일), 게재확정일(2015년 6월 22일)*본 연구는 한국연구재단 연구과제(NRF-2013R1A1A 2008389) 지원으로 수행하였습니다.†주저자, daeyoub69@suwon.ac.kr‡교신저자, daeyoub69@suwon.ac.kr(Corresponding author)

An Enhanced Cluster Gateway Switch Routing Protocol (ECGSR) for Congestion Control using AODV Algorithm in MANET

In Mobile Ad-hoc networks, without any fixed access point the mobile nodes are formed randomly. The congestion may increase while the network traffic increases due to the dynamic topology of nodes and limited capacity of memory. In Ad-hoc networks, the congestion is an important issue because it will lead to loss of packet, long delay and overhead of packets and so the performance of Ad-hoc networks also reduces. The congestion control is based on controlling the traffic in which too many packets exist in the part of the subnet. This manuscript proposes the Enhanced Clusterhead Gateway Switch Routing Protocol (ECGSR) with the basis of Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) based mechanism for congestion control. In this process, the cluster head plays the main role in monitoring the congestion in Adhoc networks, by reducing the number of transmissions and by creating the routes on need. This proposed scheme is to reduce the loss of packets, routing overhead and end-to-end delay during the data packet transmission. So it accomplishes the throughput, better packet delivery ratio, low end-to-end delay and overhead by reducing the congestion in Ad-hoc networks using the chosen ECGSR protocol based on AODV basis. The ECGSR is well-organized to control the congestion than the Clusterhead Gateway Switch Routing Protocol (CGSR) with the basis of Destination Sequence Distance Vector (DSDV).

Power-Aware Rationale for Using Coarse-Grained Transponders in IP-Over-WDM Networks

Power consumption is becoming one of the most significant limitations while seeking new solutions to cope with the traffic demand increase. 100 Gbps optical transmission technology has the potential to accommodate upcoming traffic demands with improved figures for W/Gbps compared to previous generations. However, the adoption of such coarse-grained bit-rate granularity with lower flexibility for traffic grooming raises important questions: (1) What repercussions do they have on the overall power consumption and thus operational expenditures (OPEX) compared to legacy fine-grained designs (i.e., using 10 Gbps technology)? (2) What is the long-term cost of coarse-grained designs? We define a power-aware mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation based on actual modular architectures where modules are upgraded as the network traffic increases. We introduce, for the first time, important practical constraints which were neglected by previous works, so that there is correspondence between interface modules and transponders instead of assuming a single type of interface module per line card, and we use accurate power consumption values instead of using approximations per port. We also present a comprehensive analysis on the trade-off between power consumption and available optical capacity, and power consumption and capital expenditure (CAPEX) for three different scenarios, defining the impact of provisioning the network with higher granularity transmission technology. Regarding the available optical capacity versus power consumption, 37.7% additional optical network capacity is achieved when using exclusively 100 Gbps technology at 13.3%–32.4% power consumption expenses and 15.3% optical network capacity at only a 2.6%–8.8% power consumption penalty when using 40 and 100 Gbps technologies. From a CAPEX perspective, up to 19.4% savings can be achieved by provisioning ahead using coarse-grained designs.

Gaze dependant prefetching of web content to increase speed and comfort of web browsing

Video-oculography gaze tracking permits the monitoring of a computer user׳s point of regard (PoR) on the screen by tracking with a video camera the centre of the pupil and patterns of infrared reflections on the cornea. Gaze tracking has been used as an alternative to traditional pointing mechanisms during human computer interaction. Gaze direction provides also an implicit but imprecise hint about intention. This work uses gaze as a source of information about user׳s intention. We explore how to benefit from behind the scenes gaze tracking in a web browsing scenario by employing the user׳s PoR to prefetch URLs of potential future interest. Our working hypothesis is that before clicking on a URL of interest, the user would have previously fixated at the URL and/or the surrounding area. Hence, using gaze data to prefetch URLs can speed up web navigation and increase user comfort. The results of our experiments show that browsing the web using prefetching of web content based on gaze activity is in fact faster than traditional browsing. The caveat of our approach is that the network traffic volume increases as a result of the prefetching activity occurring in the browser׳s background. We have also carried out additional experiments to find out the optimal trade-off between speed gain and network traffic increase in a prefetching scenario. Leveraging upon the positive results of our experiments, we postulate the idea of an attentive computer system that monitors users gaze and takes preventive or assertive action in terms of what the user is likely to do next based on the direction of gaze. To our knowledge, this is the first in-depth study on the concept of prefetching content of potential future interest in advance using the information gathered by monitoring a user׳s gaze.

サービス要求と連携した適応型パケットポリサ制御によるパケットトランスポート網帯域制御方式

As the mobile service, the cloud service and M2M (Machine to Machine) service are becoming more and more popular, network traffic increases drastically and the requirements for network services are diversifying. In this paper we propose the transport network architecture using packet transport technology, which attains the integration of expanding traffic fairly, and effectively. We propose the implementation of network traffic control functionalities, which can attain the variety of requirements for traffic control from many kinds of network services.

An SOA Model with Security-as-a-service in Cloud Computing Application-I banking

Cloud computing is an emerging technology which provides three main services namely SaaS,PaaS and IaaS where the security is addressed individually in each of these services. In this view the network traffic and computation time increases, and slows down the availability of cloud resources to the service consumers. In this paper we have proposed a new service provider namely security-as-a-service in cloud computing wherein all the security related tasks will be handled uniquely which is similar to firewall in a network topology. In our paper, we have taken i-banking application with SOA for effective, easy and secure access of cloud.

TLR: A Traffic-Light-Based Intelligent Routing Strategy for NGEO Satellite IP Networks

We present TLR, a traffic-light-based intelligent routing strategy for NGEO satellite IP networks. In TLR, a set of traffic lights are used to indicate the congestion status at both the current node and the next node. When a packet travels along a pre-calculated route to the destination, it may adjust the route dynamically, according to the real-time color of traffic lights at each intermediate node. Through the combination of preliminary planning and real-time adjustment, each packet can eventually get an approximately optimal transmission path. The multi-path routing mechanism in TLR can help achieve a good distribution of traffics when the network traffic increases. The Public Waiting Queue scheme in TLR can fully utilize free spaces of the buffer queues and lower the packet drop rate. While the concept of TLR has many advantages, it may result in endless-loop of routing. To eliminate this phenomenon, a defense scheme is incorporated in the design of TLR. A set of simulations are conducted using the Network Simulator (version 2) to verify the good performance of TLR, in terms of lower packet drop rate, better distribution of traffics and higher throughput, over the entire satellite constellation.

A survey of Anomaly Detection using Frequent Item Sets

Knowledge extraction is a process of filtering some informative knowledge from the database so that it can be used wide variety of applications and analysis. Due to this highly efficient algorithm is required for data mining and for accessing data from large datasets. In frequent item sets are produced from very big or huge data sets by applying some rules or association rule mining algorithms like Apriori technique, Partition method, Pincer-Search, Incremental, Border algorithm and many more, which take larger computing time to calculate all the frequent itemsets. As the network traffic increases we need an efficient system to monitor packet analysis of network flow data. Due to this frequent itemsets mining is basic problem in field of data mining and knowledge discovery. Here in this paper a brief survey of all the techniques related to frequent item sets generation has been given.

A configuration scheme for connectivity-aware mobile P2P networks for efficient mobile cloud-based video streaming services

Mobile cloud-based video streaming services cannot be provided seamlessly when network traffic increases sharply in congested areas such as colleges, universities, and downtown at specific times. T...

A novel dynamic network data replication scheme based on historical access record and proactive deletion

Data replication is becoming a popular technology in many fields such as cloud storage, Data grids and P2P systems. By replicating files to other servers/nodes, we can reduce network traffic and file access time and increase data availability to react natural and man-made disasters. However, it does not mean that more replicas can always have a better system performance. Replicas indeed decrease read access time and provide better fault-tolerance, but if we consider write access, maintaining a large number of replications will result in a huge update overhead. Hence, a trade-off between read access time and write updating cost is needed. File popularity is an important factor in making decisions about data replication. To avoid data access fluctuations, historical file popularity can be used for selecting really popular files. In this research, a dynamic data replication strategy is proposed based on two ideas. The first one employs historical access records which are useful for picking up a file to replicate. The second one is a proactive deletion method, which is applied to control the replica number to reach an optimal balance between the read access time and the write update overhead. A unified cost model is used as a means to measure and compare the performance of our data replication algorithm and other existing algorithms. The results indicate that our new algorithm performs much better than those algorithms.

단말 기반 IPTV 품질 측정을 위한 품질 관리 S/W 구현

IPTV 멀티캐스팅 서비스에서 증가되는 네트워크 트래픽 로드에 따른 화상 품질 측정과 화상 품질 변화에 대한 연구는 IPTV 서비스에 대한 관심이 현실화됨에 따라 필요하게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 네트워크 트래픽 로드에 따른 화상 품질의 효과가 주어지는 네트워크 성능 요소의 최적의 값을 파악하기 위하여, 테스트 베드 네트워크를 통하여 테스트 하는 S/W를 개발하였다. 그리고 테스트 환경을 학교 네트워크로 확장하여 실제 IPTV 서비스 환경과 비슷한 학교 네트워크에서 네트워크 트래픽 로드 증가에 따른 IPTV 멀티캐스팅 서비스의 화상 품질 변화를 측정하고자 하였다. The research of image quality estimation standard and the image quality change according to the network traffic load increase at IPTV multicasting service is necessary because the concern of IPTV(Internet Protocol TV) service become active recently. In the research, for finding out the threshold value of network performance elements giving the effect to the image quality according to the network traffic load, we developed S/W to operate the test bed network and make the test scenario through test bed network test and then we expand the test environment scope to the college network and try to measure the image quality change of IPTV multicasting service according to the network traffic load increase at the college network similar to the real IPTV service environment.

A Novel Collaboration Scheme for Multi-Channel/Interface Network Coding

Multi-channel, multi-interface ad hoc wireless networks can obtain substantial capacity improvements by mitigating co-channel interference. Channel assignment and routing algorithms that relieve co-channel interference and balance traffic loads are critical for obtaining these large capacity increases. However, with a limited number of channels and interfaces, this approach cannot avoid traffic overload as the network traffic increases. This paper proposes a novel scheme of multi-channel/interface network coding that is based on the combination of a new concept of coded-overhearing and coding-aware channel assignment. The proposed algorithms overcome the radio coverage limitations present in conventional network coding schemes, and exhibit improved flexibility in terms of aggregate throughput when there are an insufficient number of interfaces and a outage of network coding opportunities. Our scheme attains significant improvement in the aggregate throughput as compared to a no network coding scheme.

The Study for the Image Quality Measurement in IPTV

The research of image quality estimation standard and the image quality change according to the network traffic load increase at IPTV multicasting service is necessary because the concern of IPTV(Internet Protocol TV) service become active recently. General quality indicators for imaging services should represent users' quality of experience. To do this, it should be represented the quality from the point of view of users. It should be developed the QoE measurements to represent the quality of users. Accordingly, we study an algorithm for how to be investigated QoE.

Generalized Mechanism for Intrusion Detection in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

In recent years, intrusion detection techniques have been the research spots in the field of Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). Whereas, as kind of wireless and mobile networks, network traffic and network scale increase continually, some current intrusion detection methods can’t meet the requirement of the network security for network lifetime efficiency and communication cost. In order to improve authentication and monitoring activities for Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) in Mobile Ad hoc Networks, a method for recognizing monitoring nodes with authorized nodes and higher battery power is designed and analyzed. Therefore, with this method, some authorized nodes contribute in monitoring activities and the network lifetime will be increased and also communication cost will be decreased.

Generalized mechanism for intrusion detection in mobile ad hoc networks

In recent years, intrusion detection techniques have been the research spots in the field of Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). Whereas, as kind of wireless and mobile networks, network traffic and network scale increase continually, some current intrusion detection methods can’t meet the requirement of the network security for network lifetime efficiency and communication cost. In order to improve authentication and monitoring activities for Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) in Mobile Ad hoc Networks, a method for recognizing monitoring nodes with authorized nodes and higher battery power is designed and analyzed. Therefore, with this method, some authorized nodes contribute in monitoring activities and the network lifetime will be increased and also communication cost will be decreased.

Enhanced just-in-time plus protocol for optical burst switching networks

We propose a new one-way resource reservation protocol for optical burst switching OBS networks, called Enhanced Just-in-Time Plus E-JIT + . The protocol is described in detail, and its formal specifi- cation is presented, following an extended finite state machine approach. The performance evaluation of E-JIT + is analyzed in comparison with other proposed OBS protocols JIT + and E-JIT for the following network topologies: rings; degree-two, degree-three, and degree-four chordal rings; mesh-torus; NSFNET; ARPANET; FCCN-NET; and the European Optical Network. We evaluate and compare the performance of the dif- ferent protocols in terms of burst loss probability, taking into account the most important OBS network parameters. It was shown that E-JIT + per- forms better than available one-way resource reservation protocols for all the evaluated network topologies. Moreover, the scalability of E-JIT + was observed, and when the network traffic increases, the burst loss probability also increases, leading to a worse network performance. © 2010 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. DOI: 10.1117/1.3462048 Subject terms: Enhanced Just-In-Time Plus; Enhanced-JIT; optical burst switching; resource reservation protocol; performance.

Hash-Based Virtual Hierarchies for Scalable Location Service in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

A location service is an essential prerequisite for geographic routing protocols for MANETs. We present VHLS, a new distributed location service protocol, that features a dynamic location server selection mechanism and adapts to network traffic workload, minimizing the overall location service overhead. We demonstrate that the ratio of location queries to updates is an important performance parameter in such protocols. Our analysis and simulations show that VHLS provides better query success rates, location service quality, and geographic routing performance than the GLS and GHLS protocols. VHLS also scales well as the network size and traffic workload increases.

A Distributed and Cooperative Algorithm for the Detection and Elimination of Multiple Black Hole Nodes in Ad Hoc Networks

A mobile node in ad hoc networks may move arbitrarily and act as a router and a host simultaneously. Such a characteristic makes nodes in MANET vulnerable to potential attacks. The black hole problem, in which some malicious nodes pretend to be intermediate nodes of a route to some given destinations and drop packets that pass through it, is one of the major types of attack. In this paper, we propose a distributed and cooperative mechanism to tackle the black hole problem. The mechanism is distributed so that it suits the ad hoc nature of network, and nodes in the protocol cooperate so that they can analyze, detect, and eliminate possible multiple black-hole nodes in a more reliable fashion. Simulation results show that our method achieves a high black hole detection rate and good packet delivery rate, while the overhead is comparatively lower as the network traffic increases.