Net Type Research Articles

Porous Uranyl Borophosphates with Unique Three-Dimensional Open-Framework Structures.

Two novel alkali-metal uranyl borophosphates have been prepared and characterized for the first time, namely, K5(UO2)2[B2P3O12(OH)]2(OH)(H2O)2 and K2(UO2)12[B(H2PO4)4](PO4)8(OH)(H2O)6 denoted as KUPB1 and KUPB2, respectively. KUPB1 was obtained hydrothermally at 220 °C and crystallizes in a monoclinic structure in the chiral space group P21. The unit cell parameters of KUPB1 are a = 6.7623(2) Å, b = 19.5584(7) Å, c = 11.0110(4) Å, α = γ = 90°, β = 95.579(3)°, and V = 1449.42(8) Å3. It features a unique three-dimensional (3D) open-framework structure, composed of two corner-sharing linked one-dimensional (1D) anionic borophosphates (BP), [B2P3O13]5-, along the a axis and uranyl phosphate (UP), [(UO2)(PO4)3]7-, chains along the c axis, further bridged by PO4 tetrahedra. Multi-intersectional channels can be observed within the structure, in which the largest 11-ring (11-R) tunnel size is ∼7.0 Å × 8.8 Å. Its simplified framework can be described as a new 4-nodal net topological type with a point symbol of {4.84.10}{42.6}2{43.62.83.102}{82.10}. By modification of the synthetic conditions of KUPB1 through an increase in the amount of H3BO3 as flux 4-fold and a reduction of water as the reaction medium, the novel compound KUPB2 is generated. The unit cell parameters of KUPB2 are a = b = 21.8747(3) Å, c = 7.0652(2) Å, α = β = γ = 90°, and V = 3380.72(12) Å3. KUPB2 crystallizes in a tetragonal structure in the polar space group I4̅2m, and its structure is based on a highly complex 3D framework, {(UO2)12[B(PO4)4](PO4)8}9-, in which 1D 8-R UP [(UO2)(PO4)]- tubes can be observed along the c axis. The [(UO2)(PO4)]- tubes consist of three uranyl chains along the c axis, which are linked alternately by [PO4]3- tetrahedra. Those isolated 1D [(UO2)(PO4)]- tubes are further bridged through [(UO2)4B(PO4)4]- clusters, forming an exceptional 3D open-framework structure. Its simplified cation network is a new 5-nodal net topological type such as {32.43.5.62.7.8}8{34.45.54.62}8{4.62.83}4{42.6}4{44.62}. Their facile hydrothermal synthetic routes, porous structure topology, thermal stability, and Raman spectroscopy properties are reported and discussed.

Extraction of net acceptor type trap density in semi-insulating GaN layers grown on Si substrate by DC I-V measurement

A simple quantitative method is proposed to estimate net acceptor-type trap density (NT–ND, where NT denotes a gross acceptor-type trap density, and ND denotes a donor density) in semi-insulating GaN layers, widely used as the electron channel layer in AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field-effect-transistors. The DC current–voltage characteristics of a semi-insulating GaN layer on a Si wafer have a threshold voltage (VTH). Band diagram simulation reveals that NT–ND determines VTH, and hence, the NT–ND in semi-insulating GaN films can be experimentally estimated by measuring VTH.

It's like night and day: Diel net-effects on Cercopagidae densities in the Laurentian Great Lakes

Abstract In the Laurentian Great Lakes, zooplankters are often sampled using standard ≤ 153 μm mesh nets without regard to the time of day they are collected. We sampled Cercopagidae during 2013–2014 in northern Lake Huron during day, dusk, and night using two different nets (a 0.5 m wide 153 μm mesh “standard” net and a 0.75 m wide 285 μm mesh “Bythotrephes” net) to determine if there were any differences in their sampled densities. Bythotrephes densities with the standard net were approximately 2.07-fold greater when captured at night than during the day. No time of day bias occurred with the Bythotrephes net. Nighttime Bythotrephes densities did not differ between the two net types. Cercopagis densities did not vary with net type or the time of day in this study, but future work should revisit this result given our low sample size and the low occurrence of Cercopagis in Lake Huron. To reduce bias and calculate accurate density estimates, Cercopagidae should be sampled at night if using a standard net or any time of day with the Bythotrephes net. Given the large impact of invasive predatory cladocerans Bythotrephes longimanus and Cercopagis pengoi on food webs since their invasion in the Laurentian Great Lakes in the 1980s, proper estimation of their densities is essential.

Harvest and post harvest of mud crab (Scylla serrata) along Saurashtra coast of Gujarat

Mud crab is known as Dhebaro among coastal communities in Saurashtra region of Gujarat. Scylla populations are abundantly found in mangrove areas hence, they are also called mangrove crabs. In Gujarat, mud crabs are found in large quantity along Jamnagar district and in small quantity along Devbhumi Dwarka, Porbandar, Gir Somnath, Diu and Amreli coast of Saurashtra. Collecting gears commonly used in Saurashtra are stake net, scoop net type trap, gill net, cast net, hook and line and iron rod. Although mud crabs are caught throughout the year, the peak season is from July to September. About 1.5 kg Scylla serrata was captured in Okha coastal area in November 2010. Mud crabs collected from the natural habitat are brought to the landing sites for both domestic and export markets. The price of mud crabs in Saurastra coast differs depending on the area. In domestic market, the price of mud crab below one kg ranges from Rs. 110 to Rs. 300 per kg. Frozen mud crab meat and live mud crabs are exported to Singapore. S. serrata is more in demand in domestic market and also commands a better price compared to other species of mud crab.

Reconciling catch differences from multiple fishery independent gill net surveys

Fishery independent gill net surveys provide valuable demographic information for population assessment and resource management, but relative to net construction, the effects of ancillary species, and environmental variables on focal species catch rates are poorly understood. In response, we conducted comparative deployments with three unique, inter-agency, survey gill nets used to assess walleye Sander vitreus in Lake Erie. We used an information-theoretic approach with Akaike’s second-order information criterion (AICc) to evaluate linear mixed models of walleye catch as a function of net type (multifilament and two types of monofilament netting), mesh size (categorical), Secchi depth, temperature, water depth, catch of ancillary species, and interactions among selected variables. The model with the greatest weight of evidence showed that walleye catches were positively associated with potential prey and intra-guild predators and negatively associated with water depth and temperature. In addition, the multifilament net had higher average walleye catches than either of the two monofilament nets. Results from this study both help inform decisions about proposed gear changes to stock assessment surveys in Lake Erie, and advance our understanding of how multispecies associations explain variation in gill net catches. Of broader interest to fishery-independent gill net studies, effects of abiotic variables and ancillary species on focal specie’s catch rates were small in comparison with net characteristics of mesh size or twine type.

Influence of Synthetic Conditions on Chemistry and Structural Properties of Alkaline Earth Uranyl Borates

Four novel alkaline earth metal uranyl borates, namely, A[(UO2)5(BO3)2O2(OH)2]·5H2O (SrUBO-1, BaUBO-1) and A[(UO2)2(B2O5)O] (SrUBO-2, BaUBO-2) (A = Sr, Ba), have been prepared; SrUBO-1, BaUBO-1, and BaUBO-2 were synthesized using hydrothermal methods, whereas SrUBO-2 was prepared by a traditional high-temperature solid-state method. The compounds SrUBO-1 and BaUBO-1 were found to be iso-structural and crystallized in the centrosymmetric group C2/c. Their structure features two-dimensional anionic layers {[(UO2)5(BO3)2O2(OH)2]2–}n that are composed of [(UO2)5O2(OH)2]4+ clusters and [BO3]3– polyanions. From a topological point of view, this two-dimensional anionic layer can be described as a new 4-nodal net topological type with a point symbol of {35.45}2{36.46.53}3{37.47.57}2. SrUBO-2 and BaUBO-2 are iso-structural and crystallized in space group C2/m. Their structures are based on a three-dimensional framework {[(UO2)2(B2O5)O]2–}n. Within the three-dimensional framework, two-dimensional U(2)–U(1) = U(3) l...

Types and extent of fishing gear losses and their causes in the artisanal fisheries of Istanbul, Turkey

Fishing gear losses remain a serious problem for marine life; these losses are also the source of an invisible fishing mortality. This study is an analysis of this problem within the artisanal fisheries of Istanbul. From September 2009 through May 2010, face-to-face interviews were conducted in 27 fishing ports for a total of 282 questionnaires. Estimates of lost fishing gear were 229.48 km of set nets, 2700 m of longlines, and 14 fish traps. Turbot nets had the highest loss ratio (54.73%), followed by bonito nets (16%), red mullet nets (7.36%), and encircling trammel nets (4.83%). The four major causes of net loss were: conflicts with other gear types (trawl and purse seine), conflicts with cargo vessels, bottom structure hindrances, and bad weather conditions. Bottom structures were the single factor in net losses for longlines and fish traps. The study observed that large quantities of nets had been lost, and that each net type showed a positive relationship between the number of nets used and the number of nets lost. Separate zones for artisanal and industrial fisheries are recommended as a realistic approach to reduce the losses of fishing gear and the impact of ‘ghost fishing’.

Case Report on Publishing Plan of “Net First Type”

Case Report on Publishing Plan of “Net First Type”

EVALUACIÓN EXPERIMENTAL BIOECONÓMICA DE CAMBIOS EN LA TECNOLOGÍA DE CAPTURA DE CAMARÓN CON REDES DE ARRASTRE EN AGUAS SOMERAS DEL PACÍFICO COLOMBIANO

With active participation of the fishing industry, the biological and economic effects of technological changes in shrimp trawling fishing on the Colombian Pacific coast were evaluated to reduce bycatch and fuel consumption. Two boats were used simultaneously in experimental fishing surveys that compared the performance of a trawl net prototype and the conventional trawl net used by the fleet, quantifying in both cases the effects of the turtle excluder device (DET) and two fishing grounds (central-north and centralsouth). The performance fishing variables used to test the effect of changes in fishing technology on the target catch (CO) and the bycatch [incidental catch (CI) and discard (D)], were the relative fish or shellfish abundance, individual sizes, net revenues and fuel consumption by boat. Effects of fishing grounds, trawl net type, presence of device and the interaction between these factors, were evaluated using a three way ANOVA. The effect of new technologies on lengths of organisms from the catch components (CO, CI and D), was evaluated by comparison of the length frequency distributions using the Chi-square test and by modeling size selectivity of the trawl net prototype. Differences in fuel consumption between types of trawl nets of each boat were evaluated by t- test. Totals of CO, CI and D were 1436, 12163 and 15428 kg, respectively, with a global proportion between target catch and bycatch of 1:19. The bycatch was composed by 217 taxa, of which 32 families, mainly fishes, made up the CI and 52 were part of discard (fish, crustaceans and mollusks). The CO showed greater abundance on the central-north fishing ground than on the central-south one, whereas a contrary tendency showed the CI and D, in response to resources availability provided by oceanographic conditions and habitat. The prototype trawl net reduced in 34.8% the CO, 16.3% the CI and 28.7% the D (45% of bycatch), being significant the reductions of CO and D; whereas the DET reduced significantly the CI and D, without affecting the CO mainly in the conventional trawl net. Lengths frequency distributions of CO, CI and D differed between trawl net types, with a clear tendency to that the prototype trawl net selected greater lengths of shrimps and fishes. The use of the trawl net prototype implied a non significant reduction of the net revenues by haul (23.4%), whereas the use of the DET represented a significant reduction in net revenues of 77 %, mainly in the conventional trawl net. The prototype trawl net with prototype trawl doors reduced the fuel consumption in 36%, whereas the same net with conventional trawl doors reduced 23 %, which represents a saving in variable costs per fishing trip between $ 10`125 000 and $ 6`468 750 (Colombian pesos in 2005). The adoption of new fishing technologies by the industrial shrimp fleet from the Colombian Pacific has scientific evidence that it demonstrates the reduction of byctach without putting at risk the economic benefits derived from a selective fishing

The transition from No Net Loss to a Net Gain of biodiversity is far from trivial

AbstractThe objectives of No Net Loss and Net Gain have emerged as key principles in conservation policy. Both give rise to mechanisms by which certain unavoidable biodiversity losses associated with development are quantified, and compensated with comparable gains (e.g. habitat restoration). The former seeks a neutral outcome for biodiversity after losses and gains are accounted for, and the latter seeks an improved outcome. Policy-makers often assume that the transition from one to the other is straightforward and essentially a question of the amount of compensation provided. Consequently, companies increasingly favour Net Gain type commitments, and financial institutions make lending conditional on either objective, depending on the habitat involved. We contend, however, that achieving Net Gain is fundamentally different to achieving No Net Loss, and moving from one to the other is less trivial than is widely realized. Our contention is based on four arguments: (1) the two principles represent different underlying conservation philosophies; (2) ecological uncertainties make it difficult to know where the threshold between No Net Loss and Net Gain lies; (3) different frames of reference are more or less appropriate in evaluating the ecological outcomes, depending on the principle chosen; and (4) stakeholder expectations differ considerably under the two principles. In exploring these arguments we hope to support policy-makers in choosing the more appropriate of the two objectives. We suggest that financial institutions should provide greater clarity regarding the explicit requirements for each principle. We conclude by highlighting questions of relevance to this topic that would benefit from focused research.

Long-lasting insecticidal net source, ownership and use in the context of universal coverage: a household survey in eastern Rwanda.

BackgroundUniversal long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) coverage (ULC) has reduced malaria morbidity and mortality across Africa. Although information is available on bed net use in specific groups, such as pregnant women and children under 5 years, there is paucity of data on their use among the general population. Bed net source, ownership and determinants of use among individuals from households in an eastern Rwanda community 8 months after a ULC were characterized.MethodsUsing household-based, interviewer-administered questionnaires and interviewer-direct observations, data on bed net source, ownership and key determinants of net use, including demographics, socio-economic status indicators, house structure characteristics, as well as of bed net quantity, type and integrity, were collected from 1400 randomly selected households. Univariate and mixed effects logistic regression modelling was done to assess for determinants of bed net use.ResultsA total of 1410 households and 6598 individuals were included in the study. Overall, the proportion of households with at least one net was 92 % while bed net usage was reported among 72 % of household members. Of the households surveyed, a total ownership of 2768 nets was reported, of which about 96 % were reportedly LLINs received from the ULC. By interviewer-physical observation, 88 % of the nets owned were of the LLIN type with the remaining 12 % did not carry any mark to enable type recognition. The odds of bed net use were significantly lower among males and individuals: from households of low socio-economic status, from households with <two bed nets, from households reporting use of ≥two sleeping spaces, and those reporting to have not slept on a bed.ConclusionIn this study, despite high a bed net coverage, over 25 % of members reported not to have slept under a bed net the night before the survey. Males were particularly less likely to use bed nets even where nets were available. Household socio-economic status, number of bed nets and type and number of sleeping spaces were key determinants of bed net use. To maximize impact of ULC, strategies that target males as well as those that ensure ITN coverage for all, address barriers to feasible and convenient bed net use including covering over all sleeping space types, and provide net hanging supports, are needed.

Principal minimax support vector machine for sufficient dimension reduction with contaminated data

To make sufficient dimension reduction methods be able to handle contaminated data, a principal minimax support vector machine is suggested to identifying the central subspace. For sparse sufficient dimension reduction, this method of adaptive elastic net type is suggested to make estimation more accurate. The methods are extended to deal with transformed sufficient dimension reduction against contaminated data. The asymptotic unbiasedness and exhaustiveness are proved from the viewpoint of sufficient dimension reduction, and the sparseness and model selection consistency are showed from the viewpoint of variable selection. Simulations and real data analysis are conducted to examine the finite sample performances of the proposed methods.

Reconsideration of Leontief Paradox by the Ricardo-Heckscher-Ohlin Model

Leontief’s test by using 1947 data showed that US as a capital abundant country exported labor-intensive commodities. Most studies and tests after Leontief test were to try to clear the paradox or to show the test results were wrong in somewhere. This paper demonstrates that a capital abundant country can export labor input as net factor content of trade from the Ricardo-Heckscher-Ohlin Model (Guo 2015b). This is the first study from the theoretical angle to predict that the conclusion of Leontief test is acceptable. It also demonstrates that commodity trade is not only indirect trade of factor endowments, but also of indirect trade of technologies. The study summarizes three trade types by factor trade directions. The first one is the balanced factor content of trade or Heckscher-Ohlin type, in which home country’s factor content of trade, exported, equals foreign country’s factor content of trade, imported. The second type is the homogeneous factor content of trade, in which if home country exports capital input and imports labor input, foreign country will imports capital input and export labor input. Amounts of factor content of trade of two counties are not exact same by the different productivity of factors of two countries. The third type is the asymmetrical factor content of trade, in which two countries export net same type factor input and import same type factor input, i.e. if home country exports capital services and imports labor services, foreign country also exports capital services and imports labor services. This is caused by differences of productivities of factors and by the differences of technology structures, across two countries. Some of Literatures explained the Leontief paradox by factor intensity reversal (FIR). This paper demonstrates that the FIR explanation, an insight prediction, is right; however the trade is an asymmetrical factor content of trade. The numerical example of this paper exactly repeats the case that a capital abundant country exported labor-intensive commodities under free trade equilibrium.

When a discriminating dose assay is not enough: measuring the intensity of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors.

BackgroundGuidelines from the World Health Organization for monitoring insecticide resistance in disease vectors recommend exposing insects to a predetermined discriminating dose of insecticide and recording the percentage mortality in the population. This standardized methodology has been widely adopted for malaria vectors and has provided valuable data on the spread and prevalence of resistance. However, understanding the potential impact of this resistance on malaria control requires a more quantitative measure of the strength or intensity of this resistance.MethodsBioassays were adapted to quantify the level of resistance to permethrin in laboratory colonies and field populations of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato. WHO susceptibility tube assays were used to produce data on mortality versus exposure time and CDC bottle bioassays were used to generate dose response data sets. A modified version of the CDC bottle bioassay, known as the Resistance Intensity Rapid Diagnostic Test (I-RDT), was also used to measure the knockdown and mortality after exposure to different multipliers of the diagnostic dose. Finally cone bioassays were used to assess mortality after exposure to insecticide treated nets.ResultsThe time response assays were simple to perform but not suitable for highly resistant populations. After initial problems with stability of insecticide and bottle washing were resolved, the CDC bottle bioassay provided a reproducible, quantitative measure of resistance but there were challenges performing this under field conditions. The I-RDT was simple to perform and interpret although the end point selected (immediate knockdown versus 24 h mortality) could dramatically affect the interpretation of the data. The utility of the cone bioassays was dependent on net type and thus appropriate controls are needed to interpret the operational significance of these data sets.ConclusionsIncorporating quantitative measures of resistance strength, and utilizing bioassays with field doses of insecticides, will help interpret the possible impact of resistance on vector control activities. Each method tested had different benefits and challenges and agreement on a common methodology would be beneficial so that data are generated in a standardized format. This type of quantitative data are an important prerequisite to linking resistance strength to epidemiological outcomes.

An Algorithm for Generating Product’s Structure in a Simulation Framework

The paper is describing an algorithm for randomly generating the orders received by a simulated manufacturing system. Based on a previously defined Petri Net type representation of the product, there is presented the proposed structure generation algorithm.The algorithm was implemented in a graphical programming environment which will serve also for developing the manufacturing system simulator, so the paper is describing the procedures for generating the records from the proposed data structure.Running the implemented procedure generated a product’s structure with the main components graphically represented complying with the data definition to be used in the simulation framework.

Variable selection for survival data with a class of adaptive elastic net techniques

The accelerated failure time (AFT) models have proved useful in many contexts, though heavy censoring (as for example in cancer survival) and high dimensionality (as for example in microarray data) cause difficulties for model fitting and model selection. We propose new approaches to variable selection for censored data, based on AFT models optimized using regularized weighted least squares. The regularized technique uses a mixture of $$\ell _1$$l1 and $$\ell _2$$l2 norm penalties under two proposed elastic net type approaches. One is the adaptive elastic net and the other is weighted elastic net. The approaches extend the original approaches proposed by Ghosh (Adaptive elastic net: an improvement of elastic net to achieve oracle properties, Technical Reports 2007) and Hong and Zhang (Math Model Nat Phenom 5(3):115---133 2010), respectively. We also extend the two proposed approaches by adding censoring observations as constraints into their model optimization frameworks. The approaches are evaluated on microarray and by simulation. We compare the performance of these approaches with six other variable selection techniques-three are generally used for censored data and the other three are correlation-based greedy methods used for high-dimensional data.

Soil Carbon Dynamics of Transition to Pacific Northwest Cellulosic Ethanol Feedstock Production

Cellulosic ethanol commercialization promises to produce energy from agricultural biomass. Available biomass depends on plant net primary productivity (NPP) and crop type, which maintain total soil organic carbon (TOC). Effect of crop-type, residue removal, and NPP on ethanol yield and TOC levels were assessed by means of a three-pool C model derived from long-term soil incubation, acid hydrolysis, and curve fitting of a nonlinear regression model. A 2-yr field study consisting of three input regimes (Low, Medium, or High NPP), three crops [corn (Zea mays L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.), and switchgrass (SG, Panicum virgatum L., cv. Blackwell)], and two harvest levels [residue removed (R) or residue not removed (NR)] was conducted near Prosser, WA, USA. After 2 yr, ethanol yield of all crops were similar under Low NPP while ethanol yield of SG under Medium and High NPP was significantly greater than that of corn or wheat under the same NPP. Switchgrass significantly contributed to active [mean residence time (MRT) 500 yr) soil C pools. Other crops had net zero or significantly reduced C pools. During a transition to cellulosic energy production, SG will contribute to soil C maintenance across a range of potential net productivity.

Mass transfer examination in electrodialysis using limiting current measurements

AbstractThe impact of electrodialysis module characteristics on mass transfer was examined using the limiting current method. The current-voltage curves of different electrodialysis modules were measured and limiting currents were determined using the derivative method. The mass transfer coefficients were calculated and the parameters of their dependence on linear flow velocity were estimated. From these the impact of spacer thickness, spacer net type, membrane type, and module geometry were evaluated. It was found that the impact of spacer thickness was almost negligible within the examined range, but a decrease in the mass transfer coefficient could be expected in the case of thicker spacers. By contrast, the spacer net type and type of membrane were found to be very important parameters able to significantly influence the mass transfer. By modifying the module geometry, the mass transfer coefficient could also be altered and, only in this case, the exponential parameter of the dependence was changing. The parameters thus determined may be used to calculate the limiting current in a wide range of operational conditions and may help predict the performance of different electrodialysis module types

네트형 콘크리트 블록을 적용한 철도사면의 내강우성 평가

국내 지형 및 지질학적 특성상 가장 빈번하게 발생하는 철도사면의 피해 특성은 토사와 암반층 경계면의 연약화로 인한 표층유실의 형태로 나타난다. 한편, 표층보호를 위하여 피복을 시행하는 경우에는 설치위치에 따라서 강우침투가 억제되므로 이를 반영한 성능평가가 진행되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 철도사면의 표층유실 저감을 위한 네트 방식의 콘크리트 블록을 개발하였으며, 콘크리트 블록을 철도사면에 적용함에 있어 설치위치에 따른 사면의 안정성 변화를 검토하였다. 이를 통하여 블록 적용에 따른 최적의 설치위치를 확인할 수 있었다. One of the major slope failures in Korea railways is surface failure. It is based on geological and geographical properties of Korea. There are various types of methods to protect surface slope failures. Performance for each method should be examined beforre construction and it is important to select optimum installation place. In this study, Net type Concrete Block (NTCB) is developed to ruduce surface failure of a slope and also the performance of NTCB is examined by various construction location under rainfall.

Application of "net type" management in the prevention and control of multi-drug resistant bacteria

Objective To explore the effect of net type management in the prevention and control of multi-drug resistant organisms(MDROs). Methods Totals of 38 MDROs infected patients were selected from the department of geriatrics psychiatry, neurology and rehabilitation medicine from 2012 to 2013.Totals of 71 cases from January to December 2012 were selected as the control group, and were given the traditional prevention and control management. Totals of 67 cases from January to December 2013 were selected as the experiment group, and were given the net type management. Nosocomial infection, underreporting, implementing prevention and control measures were compared between the two groups. Results The percentages of underreporting, input outside the hospital, nosocomial infection of the experiment group after using the net type management were 5.97%, 39.44% and 43.28%, respectively, those percentages of the control group were 35.21%, 39.44% and 61.97%, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=16.040, 9.548, 4.108, respectively; P<0.05). The medical orders for separation, setting separation signs, correct use of medical supplies, specific application, material dispose, correct dispose of medical waste and the incidence of health education were 89.55%, 92.54%, 76.12%, 88.06%, 88.06%, 92.54% and 92.54% in the experiment group, which were significantly better than those of the control group (χ2=16.178, 17.646, 39.613, 36.178, 17.006, 30.379, 40.519, respectively; P<0.05). Conclusions The net type management in secondary hospitals is better than the traditional method in the prevention and control of multi-drug resistant bacteria. Key words: Net typemanagement control; Secondary hospital; Multiple drug-resistant organisms; Prevention and control