Net Products Research Articles

A Cross-Resolution Surface Net Radiative Inversion Based on Transfer Learning Methods

Net radiation (Rn) is a key component of the Earth’s energy balance. With the rise of deep learning technology, remote sensing technology has made significant progress in the acquisition of large-scale surface parameters. However, the generally low spatial resolution of net radiation data and the relative scarcity of surface flux site data at home and abroad limit the potential of deep learning methods in constructing high spatial resolution net radiation models. To address this challenge, this study proposes an innovative approach of a multi-scale transfer learning framework, which assumes that composite models at different spatial scales are similar in structure and parameters, thus enabling the training of accurate high-resolution models using fewer samples. In this study, the Heihe River Basin was taken as the study area and the Rn products of the Global Land Surface Satellite (GLASS) were selected as the target for coarse model training. Based on the dense convolutional network (DenseNet) architecture, 25 deep learning models were constructed to learn the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of GLASS Rn products by combining multi-source data, and a 5 km coarse resolution net radiation model was trained. Subsequently, the parameters of the pre-trained coarse-resolution model were fine-tuned with a small amount of measured ground station data to achieve the transfer from the 5 km coarse-resolution model to the 1 km high-resolution model, and a daily high-resolution net radiation model with 1 km resolution for the Heihe River Basin was finally constructed. The results showed that the bias, R2, and RMSE of the high-resolution net radiation model obtained by transfer learning were 0.184 W/m2, 0.924, and 24.29 W/m2, respectively, which was better than those of the GLASS Rn products. The predicted values were highly correlated with the measured values at the stations and the fitted curves were closer to the measured values at the stations than those of the GLASS Rn products, which further demonstrated that the transfer learning method could capture the soil moisture and temporal variation of net radiation. Finally, the model was used to generate 1 km daily net radiation products for the Heihe River Basin in 2020. This study provides new perspectives and methods for future large-scale and long-time-series estimations of surface net radiation.

Low net carbohydrate bakery products using cross‐linked phosphorylated wheat resistant starch type 4

Low net carbohydrate bakery products using cross‐linked phosphorylated wheat resistant starch type 4

Electric discharge aided surface post-treatment of laser powder bed fused non-planar metallic components for enhanced form accuracy

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of metals is an advanced technology gaining popularity in the manufacturing domain for producing near net shape products. The feasibility in batch production and design freedom highlights the promising scope of LPBF over conventional fabrication methods. However, loss of geometrical and dimensional accuracy is a critical challenge in LPBF due to solidification induced volumetric shrinkage and formation of surface irregularities. The aforementioned challenge gets aggravated whenever the fabricated components are non-planar. Studies on post-processing induced modification of dimensional and form accuracy of LPBF components is limited in literature. Moreover, the existing post-treatment operations using laser source, chemicals and mechanical forces exhibit limitations in ensuring desired geometrical accuracy in LPBF components. Therefore, the feasibility evaluation of integrating an alternate post-processing method with LPBF in improving geometrical accuracy become meaningful and worth exploring. Thus, the present study investigates the efficacy of a low energy thermo-electric post-processing method called wire electrical discharge polishing (WEDP) in ensuring geometrical form and dimensional accuracy of LPBF components. The study proposes a mathematical model which discloses the factors to be considered for dimension compensation in computer aided design (CAD) model. The results of the present study indicate that the proposed approach can impart notable reduction in form deviation leading to improved geometrical accuracy. The substantial error in terms of circularity over LPBF curved specimens were drastically reduced after WEDP process. Moreover, the cylindricity of curved specimens was improved by ~80 %. Despite the reduction in flatness error to ~7 μm, the irregularities pertaining to the edges were successfully removed from inclined LPBF surfaces resulting in sharp edged profile. The polishing speed was observed to be strongly dependent on the stair-stepping effect over vertically built LPBF surface. The discharge energy in WEDP played a vital role in influencing the circularity and surface integrity of the processed surface. Furthermore, the thermal impact of WEDP process leads to microstructural modification near the surface, whereas residual stress state after WEDP remains similar to LPBF condition. In a nutshell, the WEDP method looks promising in improving the geometrical and dimensional accuracy of LPBF components thereby enhancing the acceptability of parts in industrial applications.

The Feature Resolution and Dimensional Control in Freeform Solidification of Alumina Systems by Stereolithography

Controlling the feature resolution and dimension of printed products using stereolithography requires a comprehensive understanding of compositional and printing variables. Balancing these variables adds more complexity to manufacturing near net shape products. In this study, the compositional variables examined include particle size and solid content using two resins, and printing variables include layer thickness and energy dose. Choosing the energy dose for curing depends on compositional variables and consequently affects the degree of scattering. The results shows that light scattering determines the changes in the feature resolution and lateral dimensions. The layer thickness only affects the feature resolution and not the lateral dimensions. The vertical dimension does not significantly change with the chosen variables. In this study, fine-tuning the variables is shown to produce parts with high precision and resolution. Both compositional and printing variables play a key role in achieving near net shape products.

Validation and Spatiotemporal Analysis of Surface Net Radiation from CRA/Land and ERA5-Land over the Tibetan Plateau

High spatial–temporal resolution surface net radiation (RN) data are of great significance to the study of climate, ecology, hydrology and cryosphere changes on the Tibetan Plateau (TP), but the verification of the surface net radiation products on the plateau is not sufficient. In this study, the China Meteorological Administration Global Land Surface Reanalysis Products (CRA/Land) and ECMWF Land Surface Reanalysis version 5 (ERA5-Land) RN data were validated using ground measurements at daily and monthly time scales, and the spatiotemporal patterns were also analyzed. The results indicate the following: (1) CRA/Land overestimated while ERA5-Land underestimated RN, but CRA/Land RN outperformed ERA5-Land in observations at the daily and monthly scale. (2) The CRA/Land RN data had a larger error in the central part and a smaller error in the northeast of the TP, while ERA5-Land showed the opposite. (3) The spatial patterns of RN revealed by CRA/Land and ERA5-Land data showed differences in most regions. The CRA/Land data showed that the RN of the TP had a downward trend during 2000 and 2020 with a slope of −0.112 W·m−2/a, while the ERA5-Land data indicated an upward trend with a change rate of 0.016 W·m−2/a. (4) Downwelling shortwave radiation (DSR), upwelling shortwave radiation (USR), downwelling longwave radiation (DLR) and upwelling longwave radiation (ULR) are the four components of RN, and the evaluation results indicate that the DSR, DLR and ULR recorded via CRA/Land and ERA5-Land are consistent with the observed data, but the consistency between the USR recorded via CRA/Land and ERA5-Land and the observed data is poor. (5) The inconsistency of the USR data is the main reason for the large differences in the spatiotemporal distribution of CRA/Land and ERA5-Land RN data across the TP.

Trends in retail sales of insecticide-treated nets and untreated nets in Tanzania: cross-section surveys

BackgroundThe commercial sector plays a vital role in mosquito net ownership and access in Tanzania. The National Malaria Strategic Plan (NMSP) includes long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) delivery through the commercial sector as a complementary mechanism. The NMSP aims to increase LLIN sales while decreasing untreated mosquito net sales. This survey aimed to track quantities, market share of different net categories, prices, and origins of mosquito nets in retail markets and to engage stakeholders to analyse market trends.MethodsThis mixed-method mosquito net retail outlet survey was conducted in mid-2021 in six and in mid-2022 in eight regions. Field teams identified net-selling outlets in major urban and peri-urban markets and used snowball sampling to identify additional outlets. A structured questionnaire was used, and photos of available mosquito net products were taken. Key informant interviews were conducted with wholesalers and retailers. The relative market share of a product was calculated by using the mean of each sales category as frequency weights. Qualitative data analysis was undertaken by summarizing common themes and observations based on the research question.ResultsA total of 394 and 1139 outlets were surveyed in 2021 and 2022, respectively. More than 96% of distributed brands in both years were untreated nets. The market share for untreated mosquito nets was 99.2% in 2021 and 88.3% in 2022. Bed net sales were seasonal, peaking in the rainy season and at the start of the school year. Leaked LLINs from the public sector comprised 0.3% of the market share in 2021 and 8.3% in 2022. Kigoma markets had the most significant frequency of leaked LLIN products. Legitimate LLINs were rare in 2021 (n = 2) and not found in 2022, despite the presence of a local LLIN manufacturer. A small number (n = 3) of untreated nets fabricated in China claiming to be LLINs were observed in 2022.ConclusionsDespite NMCP’s strategic approach to increasing retail market share for legitimate LLINs, significant challenges remain. Efforts are needed to change the current situation given the context of large-scale public sector distributions of LLINs, the higher consumer cost of LLINs, the lack of bed net varieties. Improvement of registration process is recommended.

Imbalanced data generation and fusion for in-situ monitoring of laser powder bed fusion

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) can produce near net shape products with complex geometries. Unfortunately, the LPBF technology still largely suffer from poor part consistency and process repeatability. This has driven significant research efforts combining process sensing and data-driven models to perform in-situ monitoring for ensuring part quality. However, the collected sensing datasets in actual applications may be imbalanced and making it challenging for in-situ monitoring. In this paper, we propose an imbalanced data generation and fusion approach to achieve in-situ quality monitoring with imbalanced datasets in the LPBF process. Layer-wise images of the solidified layer, acoustic and photodiode signals emitted during the printing process are first captured by the developed multi-sensor in-situ monitoring system. Thereafter, three imbalanced datasets of the collected sensing data are intentionally created. Then, a generative adversarial network-based data generation model is proposed to generate samples of the minority classes. A deep learning (DL)-based data fusion method is ultimately established to aggregate the three augmented balanced datasets. Results show that the generated high-quality samples can significantly improve the model performance, and the developed DL-based data fusion model outperforms the single-sensor-based quality classification models, providing a possible way for imbalanced quality monitoring in the LPBF process.

Micro Food Processing Enterprises of Andhra Pradesh: Growth Opportunities Using the PEST Analysis

Aims: This study aims to use PEST analysis to comprehend the strategies implemented by micro food processing enterprises in Andhra Pradesh, India, with regard to political, economic, social, and technological factors to provide an overview of their growth potential.
 Study Design: This study is designed as an observational study, utilizing both secondary and primary data.
 Methodology: The study uses PEST analysis, which is a framework used to analyze and understand the external macro-environmental factors that affect an organization. Secondary data was obtained from the Andhra Pradesh Food Processing Society (APFPS), while primary data was collected from micro food processing enterprises in Andhra Pradesh.
 Results: Based on the study's observations, it was found that the state government of Andhra Pradesh provides a favorable and friendly environment for initiating an enterprise by providing subsidies and incentives. Additionally, micro food processing enterprises adopt specific strategies to sustain competition. Andhra Pradesh was found to be the top South Indian state in net value-added products.

Review of recent trends in ultrasonic additive manufacturing: current challenges and future prospects

PurposeThis study aims to outline the current challenges in ultrasonic additive manufacturing (AM). AM has revolutionized manufacturing and offers possible solutions when conventional techniques reach technological boundaries. Ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM) uses mechanical vibrations to join similar or dissimilar metals in three-dimensional assemblies. This hybrid fabrication method got attention due to minimum scrap and near-net-shape products.Design/methodology/approachThis paper reviews significant UAM areas in process parameters such as pressure force, amplitude, weld speed and temperature. These process parameters used in different studies by researchers are compared and presented in tabular form. UAM process improvements and understanding of microstructures have been reported. This review paper also enlightens current challenges in the UAM process, process improvement methods such as heat treatment methods, foil-to-foil overlap and sonotrode surface roughness to increase the bond quality of welded parts.FindingsResults showed that UAM could solve various problems and produce net shape products. It is concluded that process parameters such as pressure, weld speed, amplitude and temperature greatly influence weld quality by UAM. Post-weld heat treatment methods have been recommended to optimize the mechanical strength of ultrasonically welded joints process parameters. It has been found that the tension force is vital for the deformation of the pre-machined structures and for the elongation of the foil during UAM bonding. It is recommended to critically investigate the mechanical properties of welded parts with standard test procedures.Originality/valueThis study compiles relevant research and findings in UAM. The recent progress in UAM is presented in terms of material type, process parameters and process improvement, along with key findings of the particular investigation. The original contribution of this paper is to identify the research gaps in the process parameters of ultrasonic consolidation.

The Green Deal Industrial Plan for the Net-Zero Age – challenges for the Bulgarian Industry

On 1st of February 2023, the European Commission presented an Industrial plan in the context of the Green Pact to boost the competitiveness of Europe's zero net emissions industry and support the rapid transition to climate neutrality. The plan aims to provide a more favourable framework for the expansion of EU production capacity for the zero net emission technologies and products needed to meet Europe's ambitious climate targets. The aim of the study is to identify the challenges that this plan poses to the Bulgarian industry. In Bulgaria, industrial transformation is a continuous process. In the context of the overall development of this key economic sector, the importance of the concepts of Industry 4.0 and 5.0 should be considered, along with the assessment of the risks that disruptive technologies bring.

Application of a multiple model integration framework for mapping evapotranspiration with high spatial–temporal resolution in the Haihe River Basin, China

Evapotranspiration (ET) is a key component of the water and carbon cycles. Because it cannot be observed directly on large regional scales at present, many satellite-based ET datasets have been widely used for different purposes. However, their use has been limited at regional and field scales because of their coarse spatial and temporal resolution. In this study, the Bayesian model averaging (BMA) method was used to simulate daily ET values with 500 m spatial resolution in the Haihe River Basin (HRB) from 2000 to 2019. Validation performed with the in-situ observations showed that the BMA ET values had higher accuracy (R2 = 0.69, RMSE = 1.15 mm/day) than those found with individual models. The BMA ET values also had higher accuracy and more credibility based on a water balance equation validation in the HRB. We used interpolated meteorological datasets, reanalysis net radiation products, and remote-sensing datasets to drive the BMA ET model. The mean annual BMA ET in the HRB from 2000 to 2019 was about 601.8 mm/year. The monthly change characteristics of this BMA ET product reflected water consumption characteristics and irrigation regularity of the winter wheat and summer maize rotation system. The BMA ET in the HRB showed a significant increasing trend from 2000 to 2019 of 3.39 mm/y2. The BMA ET values showed a strong positive trend at 80 % of HRB areas. The increasing trend of the BMA ET values was mainly attributed to an increase in the leaf area index. The high spatiotemporal resolution product showed variations in ET trends more accurately than the coarse resolution products. This high spatiotemporal product has great potential for applications in studies of regional microclimate change, interactions between human activities and climate change, drought disaster monitoring, agricultural policy making, and water security.

Quality Improvement on Speaker Net Products using Six Sigma Method with DMAIC (Case Study at Pt.D)

Quality Improvement on Speaker Net Products using Six Sigma Method with DMAIC (Case Study at Pt.D)

Low-cost and low-temperature 3D printing for refractory composite inspired by fused deposition modeling and binder jetting

Inspired by two subsets of additive manufacturing, a novel method of low-cost and low-temperature 3D printing for net shape refractory products has been proposed and validated in the present work. Taking the typical refractory composite of tungsten-copper as an instance, the feedstock for printing was made of 97 wt% W-Cu composite powders and 3 wt% binder. The resulted W-Cu composite was printed on a desktop 3D printer at room temperature, followed by designated degreasing and hydrogen-reduction sintering. Characteristics including phase constituents, microstructure, mechanical and electrical properties of the resulted composite have been identified. The revealed neat and intact interfaces between the constituent Cu and W after fully degreasing ensured sufficient loading transfer and deformation coordination, contributing to excellent mechanical properties with high electrical conductivity. This work extended the feasibility of fabricating refractory alloys without molds and expensive equipment, providing a new solution and scheme for refractory materials with intricate structures.

Direct measurement of oxygen reduction reactions at neurostimulation electrodes

Objective. Electric stimulation delivered by implantable electrodes is a key component of neural engineering. While factors affecting long-term stability, safety, and biocompatibility are a topic of continuous investigation, a widely-accepted principle is that charge injection should be reversible, with no net electrochemical products forming. We want to evaluate oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) occurring at different electrode materials when using established materials and stimulation protocols. Approach. As stimulation electrodes, we have tested platinum, gold, tungsten, nichrome, iridium oxide, titanium, titanium nitride, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate). We use cyclic voltammetry and voltage-step amperometry in oxygenated versus inert conditions to establish at which potentials ORR occurs, and the magnitudes of diffusion-limited ORR currents. We also benchmark the areal capacitance of each electrode material. We use amperometric probes (Clark-type electrodes) to quantify the O2 and H2O2 concentrations in the vicinity of the electrode surface. O2 and H2O2 concentrations are measured while applying DC current, or various biphasic charge-balanced pulses of amplitude in the range 10–30 µC cm−2/phase. To corroborate experimental measurements, we employ finite element modelling to recreate 3D gradients of O2 and H2O2. Main results. All electrode materials support ORR and can create hypoxic conditions near the electrode surface. We find that electrode materials differ significantly in their onset potentials for ORR, and in the extent to which they produce H2O2 as a by-product. A key result is that typical charge-balanced biphasic pulse protocols do lead to irreversible ORR. Some electrodes induce severely hypoxic conditions, others additionally produce an accumulation of hydrogen peroxide into the mM range. Significance. Our findings highlight faradaic ORR as a critical consideration for neural interface devices and show that the established biphasic/charge-balanced approach does not prevent irreversible changes in O2 concentrations. Hypoxia and H2O2 can result in different (electro)physiological consequences.

Egg poultry farming: the state of the industry, labor productivity, work efficiency

The fundamental production indicators of the state of the poultry industry in all categories of farms of the republic for a 5-year period (2016–2020) are analyzed. The main indicators characterizing the work of the egg poultry industry are studied on the example of the production unitary enterprise “Poultry Farm Orshanskaya” of the Vitebsk region. According to the reporting data of this agricultural organization, proposals have been developed for calculating and evaluating labor productivity based on net products (gross income, value added). At the same time, the cost indicators are adjusted for the basic consumer price indices. The main economic and financial indicators of egg poultry farming in agricultural organizations of Belarus are analyzed. The conclusions aimed at significantly activating the work of Belarusian poultry farms are presented.

西北地区三维生态足迹生态安全评价及驱动力分析

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 西北地区三维生态足迹生态安全评价及驱动力分析 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202101110109 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（51874306）；自然资源部退化及未利用土地整治工程重点实验室开放基金课题（SXDJ2019-4） Ecological security evaluation and driving force analysis of three-dimensional ecological footprint in Northwestern China Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51874306)；Fund of Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering，Ministry of Land and Resources(SXDJ2019-4) 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:西北地区生态脆弱，进行生态安全评估和驱动力分析具有重要意义。选取土地利用影像和植被净初级生产力产品叠加细化均衡因子和产量因子，利用三维生态足迹改进模型测算和空间刻画西北地区2009-2017年的足迹深度，足迹广度和区域三维生态足迹；然后基于上述结果计算生态压力指数、生态协调系数、生态足迹多样性指数、流量资本占用率和存量资本流量利用比描述生态安全变化；最后用STIRPAT扩展模型结合主成分回归模型分析三维生态足迹演变的主要驱动因素。结果表明：（1）2009-2017年研究区的区域足迹广度总体上呈现为先升后降的趋势，2009年最低为3.116 hm2/人，2016年达到最高为3.796 hm2/人；区域足迹深度研究期内一直上升，从2009年的11.550 hm2/人上涨为19.031 hm2/人；三维生态足迹研究期内也一直增加，由6.006 hm2/人增加为9.760 hm2/人。（2）研究区2009-2017年整体生态安全持续恶化，生态压力不断增大，其中宁夏生态安全形势严峻，新疆和陕西生态环境脆弱，甘肃生态安全程度相对较差，青海生态安全良好；不同地区地类的安全状况基本不同，但共同点为林地最为安全，化石能源用地最不安全。（3）驱动力分析模型表明，研究区经济、社会和技术发展对资本的占用有传导机制。人均GDP、城镇化率和人口是研究区增加生态资本占用的因素，万元GDP能耗是除新疆外共有的缓解资本亏损的因素，经济发展仍依靠消耗资本能源，需加大科技水平投入，提高能源利用效率；产业需要加速转型，完善经济体制，降低对资本的依赖性。 Abstract:The eco-environment is fragile in the Northwestern China. It is of great significance to conduct ecological security evaluation and analysis of driving forces. This study selects land use images and net primary productivity products to refine equivalence factors and yield factors. The improved three-dimensional ecological footprint model is used to calculate footprint size, footprint depth, and three-dimensional ecological footprint of Northwestern China from 2009 to 2017. The footprint size and footprint depth from 2009 to 2017 are spatially visualized. We adopt the ecological pressure index, ecological footprint diversity index, ecological coordination index, occupancy rates of capital flows and use ratios of stock-flows to describe quantitatively changes in ecological security. Finally, the extended STIRPAT model combines with the principal component regression model to analyze the main driving factors that affect the evolution of the three-dimensional ecological footprint. The results showed that:(1) the ecological footprint size from 2009 to 2017 displayed the tendency declining at the beginning and rising up later. The lowest value was 3.116 hm2/cap in 2009, and the highest one in 2016 was 3.796 hm2/cap. The ecological footprint depth has been increasing from 11.550 hm2/cap in 2009 to 19.031 hm2/cap in 2017. The three-dimensional ecological footprint has also been increasing from 6.006 hm2/cap to 9.760 hm2/cap during the study period. (2) From 2009 to 2017, the ecological security of the study area continued to deteriorate. Among them, the ecological security situation in Ningxia was severe, the ecological environment in Xinjiang and Shaanxi was fragile, the ecological security was relatively poor in Gansu, and the ecological security in Qinghai was good. The security status of the productive land types in different regions were different, but the similarity was that forest land was the safest and fossil energy land was the least safety. (3) The driving force analysis model indicated that the economic, social and technological development of the study area had a transmission mechanism for the occupation of capital. Per capita GDP, urbanization rate and population were the factors that increased the occupation of ecological capital. The energy consumption of per 10,000 yuan of GDP was a factor that alleviated capital losses except Xinjiang. Economic development still relied on the consumption of capital and energy. It needed to increase the level of investment in science and technology, improve the energy structure, and increase the efficiency of energy utilization. The industry should accelerate the transformation, improve the economic system, and reduce the dependence on capital. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Long Run and Short Run Linkages Between Credit and Output

An appropriate link between the financial sector and real sector is required to have a balanced growth and development of a country as well as its regional levels particularly for the countries whose financial developments are not being saturated. In the present study, the authors have examined whether there are long run equilibrium relation between financial development (proxied by commercial bank credit) and real sector's development (proxied by net district domestic products) and short run causations for the districts of the state of West Bengal in India for the period 1993-2014. Applying the Engel-Granger cointegration and Granger causality approaches, the study reveals that there are cointegrating relations between credit and domestic products of the 13 districts out of which errors are corrected for 10 districts. Further, there are unilateral causal relations between the variables in nine districts with 11 producing no such causal relations. The study thus prescribes for strengthening the two sectors' developments so that there can be appropriate linkages between credit and output across the district levels in the longer runs.

Decision-making algorithm based on the results of systematic monitoring of forested landscapes in the subsoil use territories of the Urals

Relevance of the study. Currently, information obtained during monitoring, including monitoring of forest lands, is of particular importance for making informed decisions on the development of natural potential. A feature of these works today is the lack of combination of data collection procedures, their processing with models of structural elements of forest lands, which requires a solution to the problem under consideration. The aim is to form, according to the results of system monitoring, a system of interconnected decision-making algorithms in the field of forest land use in industrial regions. The methodology for the formation of a system of interrelated decision-making algorithms in the field of forest land use in industrial regions is based on the use of mathematical models of natural objects of forest ecosystems, natural phenomena in them and forest-forming processes, on the procedures of a comprehensive assessment and optimization of forest land use in industrial regions in accordance with current provisions of the concept of environmentally sustainable development of territories. Results and their application. The algorithms for decision-making in the use of forest lands based on the results of system monitoring are considered: substantiation of strategic indicators of sustainable development of forest lands in industrial regions in the face of modern challenges and risks; comprehensive ecological and economic assessment of the natural resource potential of forest lands; determination of leeways of permissible use of forest lands in industrial regions in specific climatic and socio-economic conditions; coordination of individual interests of land users on forest lands with public preferences for the development of industrial regions; multi-criteria optimization of the use of forest lands in industrial regions. The main principles of forecasting the parameters of a comprehensive assessment of forest lands, the use of the indicator of consumption of net primary products of forest ecosystems, the sequence of greening the economy of the use of forest lands in industrial regions, justification of concessions to the extreme values of particular criteria in multi-criteria optimization are given. The proposed additional indicators of sustainable development of forest areas in the Middle Urals, the results of calculations on the change in the natural resource potential of forest lands in the subsoil use area are presented; the substantiation of the multicriteria optimization of the use of raw material resources of forest lands is given. Conclusions. The proposed decision-making algorithms in the field of systemic monitoring of forest lands are intellectual support for users in the analysis of information in the field of land relations. They provide a substantive dialogue that allows you to form the necessary information in a user-friendly form, adjust the data processing process and make decisions.

Некоторые применения теории матриц в экономике

The paper provides some applications of matrix theory in economics. In particular, when the industry is connected by production and consumption of different products, the number of planned gross product of industries, inter-industry delivery of products, and net products of industries is calculated. The task of finding the budgets of states, with the specified structural matrix of trade of these states and the sum of their budgets, is also being considered. In addition, the application of the concept of eigenvector and eigenvalue to find the ratio of state budgets to balance the trade of participating states is considered.

Structure and Combustion Characteristics of Methane/Air Premixed Flame under the Action of Wall

In order to obtain the combustion characteristics of the CH4/Air premixed flame under the action of the wall interaction, a study on the impact of the jet flame on the wall at different separation distances was carried out. The separation distance from the burner outlet to the lower surface of the wall is changed and the flame structure is obtained through experiments. The temperature, velocity and reaction rate are obtained through numerical simulation, and the law of flame characteristics change is obtained through analysis. The results show that as the separation distance increases, the premixing cone inside the flame gradually changes from a horn shape to a complete cone shape and the length of the premixing cone profile increases. Also, the peak temperature and velocity of the mixture in the axial direction gradually increase, and the temperature and velocity in the radial direction first increase and then decrease. The temperature gradient and velocity reach the maximum when the separation distance is 11 mm. The peaks of reactants (CH4) net reaction rate intermediate products (CO) and products (CO2, H2O) on the axis and the axial distance corresponding to the peaks increase accordingly. The chemical reaction rate near the wall also gradually decreases with the increase of the separation distance.