During the past decade, much interest has been developed in biopolymer based materials due to their biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic and non-allergic nature. Studies have been done on the key features of inherent properties of chitosan, their modification, and its use in biomedical engineering particularly toward anti inflammatory and wound healing. Chitin and chitosan with beneficial biological and antimicrobial properties and high valuable potential for wound healing are attractive for wound care. The chitin nanowhiskers applications are used mainly as reinforcing polymer nanocomposites, but also to prepare scaffolds, hydrogels and wound dressings, as adsorbents in industry, water purification, for protein immobilization, transformation of bacteria by exogenous genes, stabilization of oil-in-water emulsion and nematic gels, formation of CaCO3/chitin-whisker hybrids and as carbon precursors.