Abstract
Treatment of caries through conventional modalities involves an invasive approach of excavation of the carious lesion followed by a restoration. This compromises on the strength and integrity of the tooth structure. Minimal invasive dentistry aims at early detection of the carious lesion and their remineralization. Self assembling peptides find its application in the medical field due to its ability to form a scaffold through a process of hierarchical organization into nano structures. Self-assembling peptide P11-4 is a novel technology for enamel remineralization through a biomimetic approach. The technology simulates normal enamel histogenesis. It induces de novo precipitation of hydroxyapatite crystals by forming a three dimensional scaffold matrix. The formation of the scaffold involves the conversion of the peptide from a low viscosity fluid to a nematic gel under low pH conditions. This scaffold matrix further attracts calcium ions and leads to formation of hydroxyapatite crystals. Being minimally invasive, it helps in preserving the strength and integrity of the tooth structure. The aim of the article is to review the technology of self assembling peptides for enamel regeneration and its potential as a material for successful treatment of early carious lesions through a minimally invasive approach.
Highlights
Tooth enamel is a complex structure composed of organic and inorganic components and forms the hardest mineralized structure in the human body
The mineral content of enamel is made up of hydroxyapatite crystals which are composed of calcium phosphate salts [1]
Monomeric peptide P11-4, on application penetrates these porosities owing to its low viscosity
Summary
Tooth enamel is a complex structure composed of organic and inorganic components and forms the hardest mineralized structure in the human body. When treating demineralized white spot lesions, the focus preliminarily lies on remineralization of these lesions through a non invasive process. This requires identification of these lesions during their initial stages of development. The use of self assembling peptide is based on a biomimetic approach It is aimed at simulating the natural process of enamel mineralization. The technology of self assembling peptide P11-4 adopts a biomimetic approach where it forms a matrix scaffold for de novo synthesis of hydroxyapatite crystals. This review aims at explaining the technology of self assembling peptides and the mechanism of formation of 3D scaffolds It highlights the principle of de novo synthesis of hydroxyapatite crystals following the application of peptide P114 and thereby aiding in enamel remineralization
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